Vector Similarity Measures of Q-Linguistic Neutrosophic Variable Sets and Their Multi-Attribute Decision Making Method

Since language is used for thinking and expressing habits of humans in real life, the linguistic evaluation for an objective thing is expressed easily in linguistic terms/values. However, existing linguistic concepts cannot describe linguistic arguments regarding an evaluated object in two-dimensional universal sets (TDUSs)

Resort workers: the role of social media in connecting youth travellers and mediating the neo-tribe

<div><p>The detection of the singleton attractors is of great significance for the systematic study of genetic regulatory network. In this paper, we design an algorithm to compute the singleton attractors and pre-images of the strong-inhibition Boolean networks which is a biophysically plausible gene model. Our algorithm can not only identify accurately the singleton attractors, but also find easily the pre-images of the network. Based on extensive computational experiments, we show that the computational time of the algorithm is proportional to the number of the singleton attractors, which indicates the algorithm has much advantage in finding the singleton attractors for the networks with high average degree and less inhibitory interactions. Our algorithm may shed light on understanding the function and structure of the strong-inhibition Boolean networks.</p></div

Discovery of electromagnetic polarization in Asian rice wine deterioration process and its applications

Rice wine, known as yellow wine in China and Japan, possesses considerable nutritional value and holds significant global influence. This study addresses the challenge of preserving rice wine, which is prone to rancidity due to its low alcohol content. Conventional storage techniques employing pottery jars often result in substantial spoilage losses. Through rigorous investigation, this research identifies a polarization phenomenon exhibited by degraded rice wine when subjected to high-frequency microwaves(>60GHz), presenting a pioneering method for detecting spoilage, even within sealed containers. Employing a multi-channel microwave radar apparatus, the study delves into the susceptibility of rice wine to electromagnetic waves across various frequencies, uncovering pronounced polarization traits in deteriorated samples within the E-band microwave spectrum. Furthermore, lab-controlled simulations elucidate a direct correlation between physicochemical alterations and high-frequency Radar Cross Section (RCS) signals during the wine’s deterioration process. A novel six-membered Hydrated Cluster hypothesis is proposed, offering insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. Additionally, dielectric property assessments conducted using vector network analyzers (VNA) reveal noteworthy enhancements in the dielectric constant of deteriorated rice wine, particularly within the high-frequency domain, thereby augmenting detectability. These findings carry implications for refining rice wine preservation techniques and contribute to the advancement of non-destructive testing technologies, enabling the detection of rice wine deterioration or indications thereof, even within sealed vessels

Multiple Attribute Group Decision-Making Method Based on Linguistic Neutrosophic Numbers

Existing intuitionistic linguistic variables can describe the linguistic information of both the truth/membership and falsity/non-membership degrees, but it cannot represent the indeterminate and inconsistent linguistic information. To deal with the issue, this paper originally proposes the concept of a linguistic neutrosophic number (LNN), which is characterized independently by the truth, indeterminacy, and falsity linguistic variables

An Algorithm for Finding the Singleton Attractors and Pre-Images in Strong-Inhibition Boolean Networks

<div><p>The detection of the singleton attractors is of great significance for the systematic study of genetic regulatory network. In this paper, we design an algorithm to compute the singleton attractors and pre-images of the strong-inhibition Boolean networks which is a biophysically plausible gene model. Our algorithm can not only identify accurately the singleton attractors, but also find easily the pre-images of the network. Based on extensive computational experiments, we show that the computational time of the algorithm is proportional to the number of the singleton attractors, which indicates the algorithm has much advantage in finding the singleton attractors for the networks with high average degree and less inhibitory interactions. Our algorithm may shed light on understanding the function and structure of the strong-inhibition Boolean networks.</p></div

Optoelectronic Evaluation and Loss Analysis of PEDOT:PSS/Si Hybrid Heterojunction Solar Cells

Abstract The organic/silicon (Si) hybrid heterojunction solar cells (HHSCs) have attracted considerable attention due to their potential advantages in high efficiency and low cost. However, as a newly arisen photovoltaic device, its current efficiency is still much worse than commercially available Si solar cells. Therefore, a comprehensive and systematical optoelectronic evaluation and loss analysis on this HHSC is therefore highly necessary to fully explore its efficiency potential. Here, a thoroughly optoelectronic simulation is provided on a typical planar polymer poly (3,4-ethylenedioxy thiophene):polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS)/Si HHSC. The calculated spectra of reflection and external quantum efficiency (EQE) match well with the experimental results in a full-wavelength range. The losses in current density, which are contributed by both optical losses (i.e., reflection, electrode shield, and parasitic absorption) and electrical recombination (i.e., the bulk and surface recombination), are predicted via carefully addressing the electromagnetic and carrier-transport processes. In addition, the effects of Si doping concentrations and rear surface recombination velocities on the device performance are fully investigated. The results drawn in this study are beneficial to the guidance of designing high-performance PEDOT:PSS/Si HHSCs. PACS: 85.60.-q, Optoelectronic device, 84.60.Jt, Photovoltaic conversion

Improving liming mode for remediation of Cd-contaminated acidic paddy soils: Identifying the optimal soil pH, model and efficacies

Liming has been widely taken to remediate Cd-contaminated acidic paddy soils, whereas liming mode involving in the relevant optimal soil pH, model and efficacies remain unclear. Both soil and field liming experiments were conducted to improve liming mode for precise remediation of Cd-contaminated acidic paddy soils. Soil batch liming experiments indicated soil DTPA-Cd and CaCl2-Cd were piecewise linearly correlated to soil pH with nodes of 6.8–8.0, and decreased respectively by 15.3%37.7% and 80.7%93.8% (P < 0.05) when soil pH raised over the nodes, indicating an appropriate target soil pH 7.0 for liming. Stepwise linear regression revealed that liming ratio (LR, kg ha−1) could be estimated from soil basal pH (pH0) and the interval to the target soil pH (ΔpH), as [LR=exp(1.10 ×ΔpH+0.61 ×pH0-4.98), R2 = 0.97, n = 42, P < 0.01]. The model exhibited high prediction accuracy (95.2%), low mean estimation error (−0.02) and root mean square error (0.20). Field liming experiment indicated liming to target pH decreased respectively soil CaCl2-Cd by 95.2–98.0% and rice grain Cd by 59.8–80.6% (P < 0.01), whereas uninfluenced rice grain yield. Correlation analysis and structural equation models (SEM) demonstrated that great reduction in Cd phytoavailability was mainly attributed to the transformation of soil water-soluble and exchangeable Cd to carbonate-bound Cd and Fe/Mn oxides-bound Cd and reduced Cd in iron plaque as increasing soil pH. However, rice grain Cd of 50% samples met national food safety standards limit of China (0.2 mg kg−1) due to the high soil Cd level (0.8 mg kg−1). In conclusion, liming to target soil pH 7.0 could be considered as a precise and effective remediation mode for Cd-contaminated acidic paddy soils and complementary practices should be implemented for severe pollution. Our results could provide novel insights on precise liming remediation of Cd-contaminated acidic paddy soils

The basin of the singleton attractor (0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0) is displayed hierarchically.

<p>The basin of the singleton attractor (0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0) is displayed hierarchically.</p

The flow chart for detecting all singleton attractors of the cell-cycle network of budding yeast.

<p>The flow chart for detecting all singleton attractors of the cell-cycle network of budding yeast.</p