Pengaruh Pendekatan Pembelajaran Matematika Realistik Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Matematika Ditinjau Dari Kemampuan Numerik Siswa Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 2 Amlapura

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan pengaruh pendekatan pembelajaran matematika realistik terhadap prestasi belajar matematika ditinjau dari kemampuan numerik siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimen semu dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan rancangan the post test only control group design. Populasinya adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 2 Amlapura tahun pelajaran 2013-2014. Dari delapan kelas yang ada, empat kelas dipilih sebagai sampel yakni dua kelas sebagai kelas eksperimen dan dua kelas sebagai kelas kontrol yang diambil dengan teknik random. Data penelitian dikumpulkan menggunakan tes, yaitu tes kemampuan numerik dan tes prestasi belajar matematika. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan analisis varians dua jalur dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dan pembahasan, dapat disimpulkan, terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan prestasi belajar matematika antara siswa yang mengikuti pendekatan pembelajaran matematika realistik dengan siswa yang mengikuti pendekatan pembelajaran konvensional. Terdapat pengaruh interaksi antara pendekatan pembelajaran matematika realistik dan kemampuan numerik terhadap prestasi belajar matematika. Pada Siswa yang memiliki kemampuan numerik tinggi, prestasi belajar matematika siswa yang mengikuti pendekatan pembelajaran matematika realistik lebih baik daripada pendekatan konvensional. Pada siswa yang memiliki kemampuan numerik rendah, prestasi belajar matematika siswa yang mengikuti pendekatan pembelajaran matematika realistik tetap lebih tinggi dari siswa yang mengikuti pendekatan pembelajaran konvensional.Kata Kunci : pendekatan pembelajaran matematika realistik, kemampuan numerik, dan prestasi belajar matematika The study aimed at finding out and describing the contribution of realistic mathematic instructional approach towards mathematic learning achievement viewed from numeric skills. It was a quasi-experimental research by utilizing the post test only control group design. The study involved all students class VIII SMP Negeri 2 Amlapura in 2013-2014 as the population. Four classes of the students were chosen from eight parallel classes as the samples consisting of two classes as experimental and another two classes as control groups. They were determined based on random technique. The data were collected by testing, involving numeric ability and mathematic achievement tests. They were analysed based on two tailed variant analysis followed by Tukey-test. The results indicated that there was a significant difference between mathematic learning achievement of the students joining realistic mathematic instruction and those joining a conventional approach. There was an interactional contribution of realistic mathematic instructional approach and numeric ability towards mathematic learning achievement. The students having higher numeric skills, when joining realistic mathematic instruction approach their mathematic learning achievement was found better or higher than those joining a conventional approach. The students having lower numeric skills, when joining realistic mathematic instruction approach, their mathematic learning achievement was found better or higher than those joining a conventional approach

Post-primary education in West Ham, 1918-39.

This thesis is concerned with post-primary education in West Ham 1918-39, with particular reference to secondary education. The realities of local educational experience are set against a background of educational acts an economies. The economic difficulties of the 1920s and the Depression of the 1930s were keenly felt in West Ham despite the efforts of the predominantly Labour council to mitigate poverty. A gap sometimes existed between the educational opportunities Labour councillors wished to provide and those they were able to provide. Generally a pragmatic approach was taken and certainly a secondary education was not seen as essential for all. Chapter One outlines West Ham's pre-1918 history and growth with reference to local politics and immigrant and religious groupings. West Ham's interwar history is told in greater detail. Chapter Two relates the difficulties encountered by the West Ham Education Committee in its decision to establish compulsory continuation schools, not least from the parents of West Ham. West Ham was one of the few areas in the country which succeeded in implementing compulsory continuation education albeit for a limited period. A section on technical education is also included in this chapter, although detailed treatment is hampered by a scarcity of records. Chapter Three examines West Ham's secondary school scholarships in the context of the national situation. West Ham's higher elementary/central school scholarships are subjected to the same scrutiny. Each of West Ham's secondary schools shared a broadly similar curriculum and ethos. Chapter Four highlights these similarities but also points out differences. Of the five interwar secondary schools, two catered for girls, one for boys and two were mixed. Two of the secondary schools were Catholic institutions, although both accepted non-Catholic pupils. Three of the schools were aided and two municipal. A section is included on West Ham's higher elementary/central schools but records are less full than those for the secondary schools. Chapter Five compares and contrasts West Ham's interwar secondary school system with that in East Ham, its sister borough. Chapter Six discusses both the economic and cultural factors underlying local attitudes to post-compulsory schooling. The main conclusions drawn relate to these attitudes which militated against any easy acceptance of such education as necessarily beneficial

Additional file 1: Table S1. of A comparative study of chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate for directing three-dimensional chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells

Amount of reagents needed for the synthesis of methacrylated ECM molecules. NHS N-hydroxysuccinimide, EDC 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide, AEMA 2-aminoethyl methacrylate. (DOC 29 kb

Additional file 5: Figure S1. of A comparative study of chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate for directing three-dimensional chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells

Gene expressions of MSCs encapsulated in hydrogels following 8 days of in vitro culture under chondrogenic conditions. Statistical significance of soft and stiff hydrogels are compared against soft and stiff controls, respectively; *p < 0.05. All samples are normalized against stiff control (13% (w/v) PEG. (TIF 140 kb

Additional file 4: Table S3. of A comparative study of chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate for directing three-dimensional chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells

List of human specific primer sequence for RT-PCR. (DOC 29 kb

Additional file 2: Figure S5. of A comparative study of chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate for directing three-dimensional chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells

1H-NMR spectrum confirming successful methacrylation of CS with higher (A) and lower (B) degrees of methacrylation, and HS (C). Methacrylate groups are present as peaks at 5.5–6.0 ppm. (JPG 262 kb

Additional file 8: Figure S4. of A comparative study of chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate for directing three-dimensional chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells

Safranin-O staining of acellular hydrogels harvested on day 1. Scale bar = 200 μm. (TIF 8009 kb

Additional file 7: Figure S3. of A comparative study of chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate for directing three-dimensional chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells

Effects of mechanical stiffness, and type and concentration of ECM (CS or HS) on type X collagen secretion are shown by immunostaining. Green: collagen; blue: DAPI. Scale bar = 200 μm. (JPG 190 kb

Esteri-palopumpun varaosaluettelon laatiminen

Työn tavoitteena oli laatia toimiva varaosaluettelo asiakaskäyttöön Veikko Nummela Oy:lle heidän Esteri D-240 -palopumpusta. Työn tavoitteena oli myös perehtyä mitä varaosaluettelo yleensä käsittää ja mitkä asiat siihen vaikuttavat. Lisäksi työssä perehdytään myös tarkemmin kahteen eri varaosaluettelotyyppiin ja käsitellään yleisesti mitä eri varaosaluettelotyyppejä on olemassa. Tavoitteena työssä myös oli tarkastella, kuinka tuotteen ja tuotannon, moduloinnin ja 3D-mallinnuksen vaikutusta varaosaluettelon laatimiseen. Kyseisen varaosaluettelon tein SolidWorks 3D-mallinnus -ohjelmalla sekä Microsoft Word ja Excel -ohjelmilla. SolidWorks -ohjelmalla mallinsin osat 3D-malleiksi, joista tein räjäytyskuvat. Microsoft Excel -ohjelmalla tein luettelon osista ja tämän luettelon sekä räjäytyskuvat liitin Microsoft Word -ohjelmalla varaosaluettelon sivuiksi. Työn lopputulokseksi valmistui toimiva varaosaluettelo, joka tulee Veikko Nummela Oy:n käyttöön. Lopputulokseksi myös opinnäytetyön kirjallinen osio, jossa käsitellään hieman yleisesti varaosaluetteloa ja sen laatimista, sekä mitkä asiat vaikuttavat varaosaluettelon laatimiseen. Lopputulokseksi myös saatiin tarkempi kuvaus juuri laaditun varaosaluettelon vaiheista, toteutustavasta ja niihin vaikuttavista asioista.The objective of this engineering thesis was to devise a spare parts list and make three-dimensional models of the parts of Esteri D-240 firewater pump with SolidWorks 2012 3D-modelling software. The work was started by learning to use SolidWorks 2012 software and make a useful spare parts list for customers. First, 3D-models were drafted of the parts with SolidWorks 2012. After that exploded pictures were made, and using Microsoft Word program spare parts list pages were drafted as well as a list of spare parts with Microsoft Excel. Then the three-dimensional modeling pictures and the spare parts list were pasted on Word pages to form spare parts list ready to use. The result of this work was a full spare parts list of Esteri D-240 firewater pump for the use of Veikko Nummela Oy customers

Insight Understanding of Ultrathin Carbon-Deficient Molybdenum Carbide Catalytic Activity for CO₂ Conversion into Hydrocarbon Fuels

The catalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) to produce methane (CH4) as a hydrocarbon fuel has attracted extensive attention for renewable energy. In this study, we investigate ultrathin carbon-deficient molybdenum carbide (MoC0.66) as a catalyst for CO2 capture and conversion. Our findings indicate that MoC0.66 possesses remarkable catalytic activity for CO2 hydrogenation to CH4. Interestingly, unlike conventional catalysts, the limiting step of the MoC0.66 catalyst is determined by the release of *OH species during the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). Increasing the temperature can improve the release of H2O and CH4 as well as the selectivity of the CO2RR. Moreover, the increase of temperature promotes the CO2RR on MoC0.66 by increasing the reaction rate, as evidenced by both simulation and experimental results. These results provide a way for the understanding of insight mechanisms for the CO2RR to energy-rich fuels at the atomic level and guide experimental applications of carbon-neutral reactions