Water Resources Management In Support Of Raw Region Based On Decoupling Effect

It determines the presence of the decoupling effect in the Russians raw regions materials by using water. Developed models that explain the relationship between the gross regional product and water intake. It proved no effect on the growth of water consumption in most regions of the reference commodity. Recommendations for the decoupling effect development in support of Russians raw regions

High critical current density and enhanced pinning in superconducting films of YBa2Cu3O7-δ nanocomposites with embedded BaZrO3, BaHfO3, BaTiO3, and SrZrO3 nanocrystals

Chemical solution deposition (CSD) of YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) nanocomposites from colloidal precursor solutions containing double metal oxide preformed nanocrystals is a promising, cost effective and reproducible approach to produce superconducting films with high critical current density (Jc) and enhanced pinning. Here, the influence of the preformed nanocrystal composition on the microstructure and superconducting properties of the YBCO nanocomposite films is studied, with a focus on establishing a simple and scalable process to grow nanocomposites that can be transferred to grow nano-added coated conductors. Colloidal stable BaZrO3, BaHfO3, BaTiO3 and SrZrO3 nanocrystals (3-6 nm in diameter) were synthesized and added to an environment-friendly low-fluorine YBCO precursor solution. High-quality superconducting layers were grown on LaAlO3 single-crystal substrates from these four nanocomposite precursor solutions in a single deposition process, without the need of a seed layer, yielding Jc of 4-5 MA/cm² at 77 K in self-field. The different YBCO microstructures produced by the four types of nanocrystals and the resulting microstrain of the films are compared and related with the magnetic-field and angular dependence of Jc. We demonstrate the BaHfO3-containing nanocomposite as the best-performing with a homogeneous distribution of nanoparticles with 7 nm in average diameter and a high density of stacking faults, which leads to some of the best superconducting properties ever achieved via low-fluorine CSD. The Jc exhibits a much smoother decay in applied magnetic fields and a much more isotropic behaviour for non-parallel magnetic fields, and the pinning force is increased by a factor of 3.5 at 77 K and 1 T with respect to the pristine film

Parallele Modulatorarrays zur Erzeugung intensitätsmodulierter Bildzeilen

A parallel modulator array realized by means of integrated optics can serve as a basic element for an image processor based on laser-beam sources or scanning applications in materials processing. It consists of a number of integrated optical waveguides. These waveguides are arrange in one plane at constant pitch. With suitable beam forming microoptical elements, laser radiation is coupled into each waveguide. Since the waveguides are worked out as modulators, the intensity, which is outcoupled can be varied electronically. Therefore, a line can be generated using micro-optical devices. This line shows a varying intensity for all of the points, of which it consists, due to the particular modulation of each waveguide. Such an intensity modulated line can be used as key component for future laser display applications, since it allows to build laserdisplays, which overcome the problem of large horizontal deflection frequencies. It is further extraordinarily small compared to mechanical scanning systems and can be used in combination with other photonical elements such as diode lasers. The modulator array layout process as well as the manufacturing process in Ti-diffusion Lithiumniobate-technology and it's position relative to the existing state of the art is presented in detail. Furthermore, the parallel modulator array, the laser-beam source and the optical system for parallel coupling of laser radiation to the array is developed. The complete system includes the modulator array itself, the electrical driving components, a beam source and optical components. Detailed tests have been performed on the components and the complete systems, which are documented herein. The functionality of the concept was verified, several influences on the performance could be isolated and an evaluation was performed

Ordinary economic voting behavior in the extraordinary election of Adolf Hitler

The enormous Nazi voting literature rarely builds on modern statistical or economic research. By adding these approaches, we find that the most widely accepted existing theories of this era cannot distinguish the Weimar elections from almost any others in any country. Via a retrospective voting account, we show that voters most hurt by the depression, and most likely to oppose the government, fall into separate groups with divergent interests. This explains why some turned to the Nazis and others turned away. The consequences of Hitler’s election were extraordinary, but the voting behavior that led to it was not

Highly efficient diode-stack, end-pumped Nd:YAG slab laser with symmetrized beam quality

An efficient high-power cw Nd:YAG slab laser, partially end pumped by diode-laser stacks, and a novel beam-shaping technique are reported. The optical efficiency amounted to 44 per cent, and the slope efficiency amounted to 55 per cent. Introducing an intracavity Brewster plate to polarize the laser beam, we obtained an optical efficiency of 35 per cent and a slope efficiency of 41 per cent. The output beam was rectangular and the beam quality asymmetric in two orthogonal directions. To equalize the beam quality, we introduced a step. mirror beam-shaping technique. The beam-shaping technique and the results obtained are discussed