Spiritual Coping against the Desire of Re-using Drug

Introduction: Through recognizing spiritual coping strategies against the desire of re-using drug among ex-addicts, their empowerment in facing the desire of re-using drugs can be improved. This study aimed to explore some spiritual coping methods against the desire of re-using drug among ex-addicts. Method: This study was done based on the qualitative method and contract content analysis. The participants were 18 ex-addicted men selected through a targeted sampling method, which were in different periods of drug withdrawal. Data collection was done through semi-structural interviews; and the data were analyzed using the method of Graneheim and Lundman. Results: The theme of spiritual-bases coping with three main categories of "spiritual beliefs", "supportive-based resources", and "spiritual evolutions" was specified as spiritual coping strategy against the desire of re-using drug. Conclusion: Considering the efficacy of spiritual coping against the desire of re-using drug among ex-addicts, it is necessary for social workers to strengthen spirituality and spiritual beliefs in these patients as an impediment tool to improve their supporting programs. Keywords: Spirituality, Coping, Addiction, Drug abuse

The Effect of Spiritual and Religious Group Psychotherapy on Suicidal Ideation in Depressed Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Introduction: Suicide is a great economical, social and public health problem. It is prevalent worldwide and has a lot of negative effects on individuals, families and society. Depression is often prelude to Suicide. An important part of the treatment of the mentally ill patients is spiritual-religious psychotherapy which should be done after physical treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of spiritual and religious group psychotherapy on suicidal ideation in depressed patients. Methods: 51 depressed patients with suicidal ideation from Razi hospital (Tabriz, Iran) participated in this clinical trial. To collect Data questionnaire was used which included demographic and Beck Suicide Scale Ideation. Experimental group participated in 10 sessions of group psychotherapy. Each section lasted 1 hour. Two weeks after the last section post test was done. Statistical software SPSS ver 13 was used for data analysis. Results: Results of independent t-test revealed no difference between two groups in terms of suicidal ideation before intervention but after study there is a statistical difference. Also the results of ANCOVA test showed a significant relationship between spiritual group therapy and decrease in suicidal ideation, so that this intervention can make 57% of variance in suicidal ideation of experimental group.Conclusion: Regarding positive effect of spiritual and religious group psychotherapy on decreasing suicidal ideation of depressed patients, we suggest this intervention to be held in Psychiatric Wards and also more study on depression and other psychiatric patients with greater sample size would be helpful

Effects of empowerment program on the burden of care in mothers of children with phenylketonuria

Objectives: Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic disease of children that need a lifelong diet for its treatment. Because of the high burden of care, Parents and particularly mothers are prone to mental disorders or psychiatric adverse reactions. This study aimed to investigate the effect of empowerment of mothers on the burden of caring children with phenylketonuria.Materials & Methods: This was a semi-experimental (before-after with control group) study. In this research, 50 mothers of children with phenylketonuria that were referred to endocrine clinic in Qods hospital of Qazvin city, were selected and randomly divided into intervention and control groups. Data collection was made by using demographic characteristics of mothers and children and also the Zarit burden interview questionnaires. Empowerment program was delivered during nine sessions of holistic and family oriented empowerment model in the intervention group.  The control group received routine services. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics through SPSS software version 18.Results: In intervention group, the mean score of overall care burden and its dimensions in the mothers of children with phenylketonuria in post-test was significantly lower than the pre-test  (41.20 ± 5.04 vs. 58.24 ± 3.96; p<0. 001); but  pre-test and post-test scores in the control group had no significant difference (58.4 ± 5.22 vs. 58.96 ± 4; p=0.327). In other words empowerment program was able to reduce the burden of caring in mothers.Conclusion: Empowerment program can reduce the burden of care in mothers of children with phenylketonuria. Thus it seems that empowerment training is necessary to this group of mothers in the form of workshops and educational pamphlets

Effect of Workplace Violence Management Program on the Incidence

Introduction:Emergency nurses are at higher risk for workplace violence than other health care workers, so a workplace violence management program is crucial to prevent violence. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to explore the effect of a workplace violence management program on the incidence of workplace violence against nurses in hospital emergency departments.Method:This study applied a quasi-experimental design using control groups and pre- and post-tests. The research units included 48 nurses working in the emergency departments of Farabi Hospital and Amir Alam Hospital in Tehran. The intervention included the use of a program featuring some management issues such as applying ventilation, using closed-circuit television cameras, modifying lightings, employing a security guard for the evening shift, and training. The training, which was entitled “Management and Prevention of Workplace Violence,” was implemented as a 2-day workshop using training programs. The data collection tool was the Workplace Violence in the Health Sector Questionnaire. Chi-square test and t-test were used to test the hypotheses. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.Results:The results of the study showed that the frequency of different forms of violence such as physical, psychological, sexual, and racial ones was decreased after the intervention, but this decrease was not statistically significant.Conclusion:The findings of the present study revealed that although the management program of preventing workplace violence with sub-categories such as training, security, physical environment, and policies and procedures could reduce the incidence of violence, this decrease was not significant; the lack of significance of the decrease was probably due to the low sample size and the short follow-up period (i.e., one month). Therefore, it is recommended that this study be carried out on a larger population with a longer follow-up period

Confusion at the beginning of sexual intercourse, the challenge of patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery in Iran: A qualitative study.

BackgroundMany patients suffer from sexual dysfunction after coronary artery bypass graft surgery, but they refuse to propose and follow up on the problem due to the cultural structures prevailing in Iranian society. Untreated sexual dysfunction will disturb the quality of life of these patients. This study was performed to explain the experiences of male patients from sexual problems after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.Materials and methodsThis qualitative study was performed with the approach of conventional content analysis in Tehran in 2020. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 12 men after coronary artery bypass graft surgery at the hospital's cardiac surgery clinic, as well as the surgeon's clinic. Participants were selected by the targeted sampling method. After obtaining informed consent, the collected data were written word by word, and the content analysis approach was used to name the data, create analytical codes, and determine subcategories and categories. The data were analyzed by MAXQDA 10 software.ResultsThe findings of this study show that the dimensions of confusion in patients' sexual intercourse after coronary artery bypass graft surgery in four subcategories of challenges of the first intercourse after surgery, ambiguity in how to obtain information, the ambiguity of sexual issues after surgery, and spouse are concerned about having sexual intercourse.ConclusionThe results of this study show that male patients who have undergone coronary artery bypass graft surgery have many ambiguities in the process of sexual intercourse, which passes the beginning of sexual intercourse with fear and avoidance of intercourse. Postoperative patients do not propose these problems with the medical staff when they suffer from sexual dysfunction or ambiguity due to the taboo of talking about sexual intercourse. Eventually, the patient and his or her partner become confused about sexual intercourse after surgery. Therefore, it is recommended that policymakers in the field of health create the culture and planning for solving the ambiguities created in the path of sexual intercourse of these patients

Psychological Violence in the Health Care Settings in Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Psychological violence is the most common form of workplace violence that can affect professional performance and job satisfaction of health care workers. Although several studies have been conducted in Iran, but there is no consensus regarding current status of such violence. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of psychological violence among healthcare workers employed at teaching hospitals in Iran. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 5874 health professionals were selected using multistage random sampling. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire developed by the International Labor Organization, International Council of Nurses, World Health Organization, and Public Services International. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: It was found that 74.7% of the participants were subjected to psychological violence during the past 12 months. Totally, 64.5% of psychological violence was committed by patients’ families, but 50.9% of participants had not reported the violence, and 69.9% of them believed that reporting was useless. Conclusions: The results are indicative of high prevalence of psychological violence against healthcare workers. Considering non-reporting of violence in more than half of participants, use of an appropriate reporting system and providing training programs for health professionals in order to prevent and manage workplace violence are essential

The Challenges of Transition to Retirement from the Point of View of Retired Nurses: Shock and disbelief

Introduction: Due to the increasing of the number of retirees and the duration of the retirement period, as well as the challenges that exist in employees transitioning to retirement, it is necessary to explore these challenges. The aim of this study was to explore the presence of challenges in the transition to retirement. Method: This qualitative study was a conventional content analysis with purposive sampling method. Sampling continued until data saturation. Data were collected through semi-structured and deep interviews. Data were analyzed using conventional content analysis. Results: Twenty retired nurses participated in the study. The main theme extracted from the data was shock and disbelief caused by being retired. The categories included "little knowledge", "dissatisfaction from working conditions before retirement", and "financial problems". Each category consisted of several sub-categories. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed challenges in the transition to retirement. Based on the experience of retired nurses, basic challenges in the transition to retirement were limited knowledge about retirement, rigid working conditions before retirement, and financial problems. These challenges cause shock and disbelief in the transition to retirement. Exact planning to confront these challenges will result in the retirees being well prepared and will facilitate their transition to a safe and comfortable retirement. Keywords: Retirement challenges, Transition to retirement, Retired nurse, Shock and disbelief, Content analysis

Knowledge, attitude, and clinical skill of emergency medical technicians from Tehran emergency center in trauma exposure

Introduction: Prehospital care is the first part of the trauma treatment and care system. Diagnostic and therapeutic measures taken before these patients arrive at the hospital plays significantly reduce mortality and improve their outcomes. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the knowledge, attitude, and clinical skill of emergency medical technicians in Tehran Emergency Center in trauma exposure. Methods: In this descriptive study, 213 participants were selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a four-part questionnaire including demographic information, trauma knowledge questionnaire, trauma attitude questionnaire, and a clinical skill checklist. To compare the level of knowledge, attitude, and clinical skills on the one hand and demographic variables, on the other hand, independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA were utilized. Then, to examine the normality of data distribution, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test with Bonferroni post hoc test was used to compare mean scores on different levels of the variables in questionnaires. Data were analyzed in SPSS/17 using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Results showed that the majority of participants (81.1%) had an average knowledge of trauma. Examining their attitude regarding trauma revealed that the majority (88.3%) had a positive attitude toward trauma and taking care of trauma patients. Moreover, the skill of 62.4% of technicians regarding trauma was good. Based on Pearson's correlation, significant positive correlations existed between scores of knowledge and scores of attitude (r = 0.186, P < 0.05), scores of knowledge and scores of clinical skill (r = 0.333, P < 0.05), and scores of attitude and scores of clinical skill (r = 0.258, P < 0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, emergency medical technicians in Tehran had a good level of knowledge, attitude, and clinical skills in trauma exposure. However, to maintain and enhance the level of knowledge and skills, in-service training should be continued more vigorously and periodically evaluated in the clinical practic

Experiences of Retired Nurses of Health Status during Retirement: A Content Analysis

Introduction: Retirement is a crucial period of life. However, the necessity of paying attention to the retired person’s health and needs is usually neglected. This study explored the experiences of retired nurses of health status during retirement. Method: This qualitative study used maximum variation sampling to select 23 retired nurses in Semnan (Iran) during 2010-11. Semi-structured interviews with open questions were used to collect data. The interviews were recorded and transcribed word by word. They were finally analyzed with content analysis. Results: Helplessness was extracted as the main theme. It included subthemes of physical weakness, emotional emptiness, inadequate social status, and desperation and trust in God. Conclusion: The findings of this study explained the physical, mental, social, financial, and spiritual aspects of health based on the experience of retired nurses. These factors emphasized the necessity of attention to the health needs of the retired population by health authorities and planners. Obviously, implementing appropriate interventions for supporting this group will promote the health of all retired individuals in the community. Keywords: Experience, Retired nurse, Health, Helplessness, Retirement, Content analysi

Consequences of living with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder:A Qualitative Study

Introduction: Severe psychological stress is potentially threatening for anyone. Chronic combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder is accompanied by other psychological problems including depression. Thus the aim of this study was to describe the consequences of living with this disorder. Method: In this qualitative study, 20 male veterans with combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder were selected purposefully and studied using semi-structured deep interview. Data were analyzed using conventional content analysis in 2011. Results: The consequences of living with combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder were classified into three main categories of psychological, physical, and social consequences, based on the common experiences of the participants. Psychological consequences include three subcategories of lack of self-confidence, lack of entertainment, and negative emotions. Physical consequences include four subcategories of sleep disorders, sexual dysfunction, physical pain, and restricted physical activity. Social consequences include three subcategories of disrupted interpersonal relations, lack of income or job, and restricted duty fulfillment. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder has had a negative effect on all different aspects of their health including physical, psychological and social. Reducing this problem requires interventions and continuous monitoring of the medical health status of these clients. Keywords: Trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, war, consequences of the disease, qualitative stud