Headache features in people with whiplash associated disorders: A scoping review.

Whiplash-associated headache (WAH) is one of the most common symptoms after a whiplash injury, leading to high disability. Nevertheless, the clinical characteristics of WAH have not been well described. To synthesise the existing literature on the clinical characteristics of WAH. Scoping review. The protocol for this scoping review was registered in Open Science Framework and the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews tool was used to ensure methodological and reporting quality. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science and Scopus. The search was performed by one author and the screening of articles was conducted by two authors independently. A total of 11363 articles were initially identified and finally 26 studies were included in the review. Headache intensity was the most commonly reported feature. Headache duration, frequency and location were also reported in at least four studies. Few studies reported physical impairments that may be related to the presence of WAH. A differentiation with concussion characteristics was only performed in eight studies. WAH appears to be of mild to moderate intensity, typically with episodes of short duration which is commonly experienced in the occipital region amongst other regions, and with a tendency to reduce in intensity over time. [Abstract copyright: Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Propiedades f?sicas y mec?nicas de la madera de la especie Sangre gallina Vismia baccifera (L) Triana y planch procedente del Bajo Calima, municipio de Buenaventura.

72 p. Recurso Electr?nicoLa explotaci?n maderera es una de las principales actividades econ?micas de las comunidades del pacifico colombiano, ?sta implica procesos como la tala indiscriminada y la comercializaci?n de madera en estado juvenil con tendencia al aprovechamiento selectivo, desconociendo el potencial de muchas especies, lo que ocasiona un grave deterioro del bosque. En la presente investigaci?n se estudiaron las propiedades f?sicas y mec?nicas de la especie Vismia baccifera (L.) Triana y Planch, proveniente de la regi?n del Bajo Calima, Buenaventura, con el fin de ampliar el conocimiento acerca de las especies maderables de la zona, lo cual permite plantear soluciones a problem?ticas relacionadas con el manejo forestal. Las propiedades f?sicas determinadas fueron las contracciones (longitudinales, transversales y volum?tricas), la densidad b?sica y en sus diferentes estados (verde, seca al aire y anhidra). Las propiedades mec?nicas evaluadas fueron: compresi?n paralela y perpendicular al grano, flexi?n est?tica, cizallamiento paralelo al grano, dureza, arrancamiento de clavos y tenacidad. La metodolog?a empleada corresponde a una adaptaci?n de las Normas T?cnicas Colombianas ICONTEC para la realizaci?n de ensayos en madera. Con los resultados obtenidos se clasific? la madera de la especie de acuerdo a las normas DIN y ASTM. Se encontr? que la densidad b?sica de la especie es 0,47 g/cm3, es decir que la madera de este ?rbol es blanda. Las propiedades mec?nicas en general se clasificaron como medias y bajas, por lo tanto se recomienda emplear esta especie en construcciones de estructuras livianas. Palabras clave: Propiedades f?sicas, Propiedades mec?nicas, Bajo Calima, Vismia bacciferaLogging is one of the main economic activities of the Colombian Pacific communities. It involves processes such as: indiscriminate logging, and young wood commercialization prone to selective logging. Moreover, logging does not recognize the potential of many species, and it causes serious forest degradation. In this study, the physical and mechanical properties of the species Vismia baccifera (L.) Triana and Planch were assessed. The species mentioned before were from the region of Bajo Calima, Buenaventura. The objective of this study was to increase knowledge about timber species in the Bajo Calima area. It allows to propose solutions for forest management problems. The identified physical properties were contractions such as: (longitudinal, transverse and volumetric). Furthermore, wood basic density in its different phases were (green, open air dried and anhydrous). The mechanical properties evaluated were: parallel and perpendicular grain compression, static flexion, parallel shearing grain, hardness, pulling nails and tenacity. The methodology corresponds to an adaptation of the Colombian Technical Standards ICONTEC for testing wood. The results guided the wood species classification according to DIN and ASTM standards qualified. It was found that the basic density of this species is 0,47 g / cm3. That is to say the wood of this tree is soft. In general, the mechanical properties were classified as medium and low. Therefore, it is recommended to use this wood species in light structures buildings. Keywords: Physical properties, Mechanical properties, Bajo Calima, Vismia baccifer

Shear wave elastography investigation of multifidus stiffness in individuals with low back pain

© 2019 Elsevier Ltd The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in passive muscular stiffness between the superficial multifidus (SM)and deep multifidus (DM), and to compare their passive and active stiffness in individuals with low back pain (LBP) and asymptomatic individuals. Fifteen LBP individuals and 15 asymptomatic individuals were recruited. Passive stiffness of the SM and DM was measured bilaterally using sheer wave elastography (SWE) with participants lying prone. Active stiffness was measured for the SM during trunk extension, and the contraction ratio was calculated. DM displayed higher passive muscular stiffness than SM in both the asymptomatic and LBP groups (14.41 ± 2.62 and 15.40 ± 2.77 kPa respectively; t = 7.765 and t = 3.864, p < 0.05). Individuals with LBP exhibited higher passive muscular stiffness of SM (LBP: 10.15 ± 4.21, asymptomatic: 6.84 ± 1.69 kPa; t = 3.002, p < 0.05)and a lower contraction ratio (LBP: 1.54 ± 0.47, asymptomatic: 2.65 ± 1.36 kPa; p < 0.05) compared to the asymptomatic group. The findings support a differentiation in passive muscular stiffness between SM and DM and provide evidence for an alteration in muscular stiffness at rest in individuals with LBP. The lower increase of muscular stiffness with contraction observed for those with LBP may reflect a deficit in activation of the multifidus

Can People with Chronic Neck Pain Recognize Their Own Digital Pain Drawing?

Background: Although the reliability of pain drawings (PDs) has been confirmed in people with chronic pain, there is a lack of evidence about the validity of the PD, that is, does the PD accurately represent the pain experience of the patient? Objectives: We investigate whether people with chronic neck pain (CNP) can recognize their own PD to support the validity of the PD in reporting the experience of pain. Moreover, we examined the association between their ability to recognize their own PD with their levels of pain intensity and disability and extent of psychosocial and somatic features. Study Design: Experimental. Setting: University Laboratory. Methods: Individuals with CNP completed their PD on a digital body chart, which was then automatically modified with specific dimensions using a novel software, providing an objective range of distortion and eliminating errors, which could potentially occur in manually controlled visual-subjective based methods. Following a 10-minute break listening to music, a series of 20 PDs were presented to each patient in a random order, with only 2 being their original PD. For each PD, the patients rated its likeliness to their own original PD on a scale from 0 to 100, with 100 representing “this is my pain.” Results: Overall, the patients rated their original PD with a median score of 92% similarity, followed by 91.8% and 89.5% similarity when presented with a PD scaled down to 75% and scaled up by 150% of the original size, respectively; these scores were not significantly different to the ratings given for their original PD. The PD with horizontal translation by 40 pixels (8%) and vertical translation by 70 pixels (12.8%) were rated as the most dissimilar to their original PD; these scores were significantly different to their original PD scores. The Spearman correlation coefficient revealed a significant negative association between their ability to recognize their original PD and their Modified Somatic Perceptions Questionnaire scores. Limitations: The patients in the study presented with relatively mild CNP, and the results may not be generalized to those with more severe symptoms. Conclusions: People with CNP are generally able to identify their own PD but that their ability to recognize their original PD is negatively correlated with the extent of somatic awareness

Microscopic changes in the spinal extensor musculature in people with chronic spinal pain: a systematic review.

Chronic spinal pain is one the most common musculoskeletal disorders. Previous studies have observed microscopic structural changes in the spinal extensor muscles in people with chronic spinal pain. This systematic review synthesizes and analyses all the existing evidence of muscle microscopic changes in people with chronic spinal pain. To assess the microscopy of spinal extensor muscles including the fiber type composition, the area occupied by fiber types, fiber size/cross sectional area (CSA) and narrow diameter (ND) in people with and without chronic spinal pain. Further, to compare these outcome measures across different regions of the spine in people with chronic neck, thoracic and low back pain. Systematic review with meta-analysis METHODS: MEDLINE (Ovid Interface), Embase, PubMed, CINAHL Plus and Web of Science were searched from inception to October 2020. Key journals, conference proceedings, grey literature and hand searching of reference lists from eligible studies were also searched. Two independent reviewers were involved in the selection process. Only studies examining the muscle microscopy of the spinal extensor muscles (erector spinae (ES) and/or multifidus (MF)) between people with and without chronic spinal pain were selected. The risk of bias from the studies was assessed using modified Newcastle Ottawa Scale and the level of evidence was established using the GRADE approach. Data were synthesized based on homogeneity on the methodology and outcome measures of the studies for ES and MF muscles and only four studies were eligible for analysis. All the five studies included were related to chronic low back pain (CLBP). Meta-analysis (inverse variance method for random effect to calculate mean difference and 95% CI) was performed for the ES fiber type composition by numbers for both type I and type II fibers (I =43% and 0% respectively indicating homogeneity of studies) and showed no difference between the people with and without CLBP with an overall effect estimate Z= 1.49 (p=0.14) and Z=1.06 (p=0.29) respectively. Meta-analysis was performed for ES fiber CSA for both type I and type II fibers (I =0 for both) and showed no difference between people with and without CLBP with an overall effect estimate Z= 0.08 (p=0.43) and Z=0.75 (p=0.45) respectively. Analysis was not performed for ES area occupied by fiber types and ND due to heterogeneity of studies and lack of evidence respectively. Similarly, meta-analysis was not performed for MF fiber type composition by numbers due to heterogeneity of studies. MF analysis for area occupied by fiber type, fiber CSA and ND did not yield sufficient evidence. For the ES muscle, there was no difference in fiber type composition and fiber CSA between people with and without CLBP and no conclusions could be drawn for ND for the ES. For the MF, no conclusions could be drawn for any of the muscle microscopy outcome measures. Overall, the quality of evidence is very low and there is very low evidence that there are no differences in microscopic muscle features between people with and without CLBP. [Abstract copyright: Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Variation in the spatial distribution of erector spinae activity during a lumbar endurance task in people with low back pain

© 2019 Anatomical Society This study aimed to investigate the spatial distribution and redistribution of lumbar erector spinae (ES) activity during a lumbar extension endurance task in pain-free participants and how this is modified in people with low back pain (LBP). High density surface electromyography (HDEMG) was recorded using 13 × 5 electrode grids placed over the lumbar ES in 13 LBP and 13 control participants while completing an Ito test to task failure. The root mean square of the HDEMG signals was computed, a topographical map of the EMG amplitude generated and the centre of the activity (centroid) determined throughout the task. The centroid of the EMG amplitude map was systematically more cranial (F = 6.09, P = 0.022) for the LBP participants compared with the control subjects. Regression analysis showed that the extent of redistribution of ES activity was associated with longer endurance. These results show that LBP participants utilised a different motor strategy to perform the endurance task, characterised by greater activation of more cranial regions of the ES and less redistribution of ES activity throughout the task. This study provides new insight into the functional activation of the lumbar ES and how it is modified when people have pain

Comparative study of the effect of long-term ageing on the behaviour of bitumen and mastics with mineral fillers

This paper is based on a part of the research project carried out at the request of the German Research Foundation (DFG), under research project No. WE 1642/1-2 and LE 3649/1-2 (FOR2089).This study aims to evaluate the effect of mineral fillers on bitumen ageing. Two different bitumens and four mastics were investigated in the unaged and long-term aged states, based on different properties (consistency, rheology, fatigue resistance and ductility). Mastics stiffened less due to ageing treatment than bitumens, especially with granite filler. However, the results of the performance tests were not definitive regarding the effect of the filler. Aged bitumen showed greater fatigue resistance and higher specific energy of ductile fracture than unaged bitumen, whereas the mastics showed minor variations in the specific energy of ductile fracture with ageing treatment, which is indicative of less ageing, but the fatigue resistance decreased significantly in mastics with one of the bitumens.authorsversionpublishe