74 research outputs found

    Bunch by Bunch Feedback and Diagnostics at BESSY II

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    At the light source BESSY II new digital bunch bybunch feedback systems [1] have been put into operation in January 2013, replacing the existing analog as well as the obsolete digital systems. From the first days of operation the new system successfully suppresses transverse and longitudinal beam instabilities in wide range of machine parameters. The system offers also many new diagnostics opportunities. In this contribution first operational experience, the developed data analysis techniques and experimental data will be presente

    A Study of the Undoing Hypothesis and Cognitive Processing

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    Research in the field of positive psychology has revealed many advantages of positive emotions. According to the undoing hypothesis (Fredrickson & Levenson, 1998), positive affect can undo the physiological effects of negative emotion. The present study examined whether positive emotions could undo the cognitive effects of negative emotion. A categorization task was used to measure changes in cognitive processing, as measured by reaction time and accuracy, of 69 college students who were induced into a positive, negative, or neutral affective state by viewing various film clips. The results of this study did not support the extension of the undoing hypothesis to cognitive processing

    The Associations among Computer Mediated Communication, Relationships, and Well-being

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    Social support provided by interpersonal relationships is one of the most robust correlates of well-being. Self-disclosure serves as a basic building block of these relationships. With the rapid growth of the internet in recent years, the question remains how self-disclosure, and subsequently relationships and well-being, differ when people communicate over the internet rather than in person. The purpose of this article is to describe current internet usage patterns as well as explore the association of internet usage and well-being. Additionally, it directly compares the perceived benefits of face-to-face communication and computer mediated communication. A questionnaire was administered to 99 undergraduates to measure internet usage patterns, communication partners, self-disclosure, extraversion, and subjective well-being. Although internet communication was found to be common, individuals perceived computer mediated communication to be less useful than face-to-face communication. In addition, increased internet usage was associated with decreased well-being. Implications are discussed in terms of a new internet paradox in which people increasingly use the internet for communication although they perceive it to be less beneficial than face-to-face interactions and it is associated with reduced well-being

    Zur ProduktivitĂ€t rekonstruktiver Verfahren fĂŒr die soziokulturelle Zweitsprachaneignungsforschung

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    Soziokulturelle Theorien (SCT) der Zweitsprachaneignung sehen den sozialen Kontext als Ursprung allen Lernens, welches damit als soziale Praxis aufgefasst wird. Dies erfordert eine genetische, prozessuale und praxeologische Erforschung, weshalb sich dafĂŒr rekonstruktive Verfahren anbieten. Sowohl die SCT als auch rekonstruktive Verfahren zeichnen sich durch einen Wechsel der Analyseperspektive vom ‚Was‘ zum ‚Wie‘ aus. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt auf Basis von Daten aus einem abgeschlossenen sowie einem laufenden Promotionsprojekt, inwiefern die Erschließung von Sprachaneignungsprozessen mittels rekonstruktiver Verfahren (hier im Fokus: Narratives Interview und Gruppendiskussion) sowohl fĂŒr die Weiterentwicklung der Zweitsprachaneignungsforschung (ZSAF) wie auch der SCT produktiv sein kann. (DIPF/Orig.)Sociocultural theories (SCT) of second language acquisition consider the social context as the origin of all learning. Thus, they understand learning as social practice. This requires research that is genetic, processual and praxeological. Therefore, reconstructive procedures are our method of choice. Both SCT and reconstructive procedures are characterized by a change in the perspective of analysis from ‘what’ to ‘how’. Based on data, the paper shows to what extent the exploration of language acquisition processes by means of reconstructive procedures (in focus here: narrative interview and group discussion) can be used for further development of both second language acquisition research and SCT. (DIPF/Orig.

    Mood Over Matter: Can Happiness Be Your Undoing?

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    Research in the field of positive psychology has revealed many advantages of positive emotions. According to the undoing hypothesis (Fredrickson & Levenson, 1998), positive affect can undo the physiological effects of negative emotion. The present study examined whether positive emotions could undo the cognitive effects of negative emotion. A letter identification task was used to measure changes in cognitive processing of 86 college students who were induced into a positive, negative, or neutral affective state by viewing various film clips. The results of this study provided preliminary support for the hypothesis that positive emotions undo the cognitive effects of negative emotions

    Zum Verbalisierungsdilemma bei der Erfassung der situationsspezifischen FÀhigkeiten von LehrkrÀften. Am Beispiel der DomÀne Deutsch als Zweitsprache

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    Hecker S-L, Falkenstern S, Lemmrich S, Ehmke T. Zum Verbalisierungsdilemma bei der Erfassung der situationsspezifischen FĂ€higkeiten von LehrkrĂ€ften. Am Beispiel der DomĂ€ne Deutsch als Zweitsprache. Zeitschrift fĂŒr Bildungsforschung. 2020;10:175–190.Test designs using tasks that mirror actual classroom demands are understood to predict teaching performance rather closely. Based on a methodological triangulation of empirical data from a video-based competence test, however, this article deals with a potential validity issue regarding the measurement of situation-specific skills of pre- and in-service teachers of all subjects as indicators of their competence in linguistically responsive teaching. The performance-oriented test design does not use closed items, but asks for maximally open oral responses: a verbalized perception is followed by a verbalized immediate (re-)action. The responses of n = 124 pre- and in-service teachers point towards a dilemma concerning the demand of verbalizing perceptions: The results show that the former seems to be more difficult than verbalizing immediate reactions, while the relation between both skills emerges as complicated. The nature of the dilemma is described both theoretically and empirically and thereafter put into a broader context, all the while using results from research on teachers’ expertise. Finally, consequences for measuring competences in video-based test designs are discussed.Anforderungsnahe Testumgebungen versprechen besonders prĂ€diktive Hinweise auf die tatsĂ€chliche Performanz von angehenden und praktizierenden LehrkrĂ€ften. Auf Basis einer Methoden-Triangulation empirisch erhobener Daten aus einem videobasierten Kompetenztest widmet sich der Beitrag allerdings einem potentiellen ValiditĂ€tsproblem bei der Erfassung der situationsspezifischen FĂ€higkeiten von angehenden und praktizierenden LehrkrĂ€ften aller FĂ€cher als Indikator ihrer Kompetenz im Bereich Deutsch als Zweitsprache. In der besonders performanznahen Testumgebung werden keine geschlossenen Items eingesetzt, sondern maximal offene mĂŒndliche Antworten erfragt, also zunĂ€chst eine Verbalisierung des Wahrgenommenen, gefolgt von einer verbalisierten Handlungsreaktion. Es finden sich in der Auswertung der Antworten von N = 124 angehenden und praktizierenden LehrkrĂ€ften Hinweise auf ein Verbalisierungsdilemma: offenbar ist die geforderte Verbalisierung der Komponente der prĂ€zisen Wahrnehmung schwieriger als die der Handlungsreaktion, der Zusammenhang zwischen beidem stellt sich als komplex dar. Dies wird in einen ĂŒber diese Studie hinausgehenden Kontext eingeordnet, indem Ergebnisse aus der Expertiseforschung herangezogen und Konsequenzen fĂŒr videobasierte Testumgebungen diskutiert werden

    5hine - 5G Lösungen fĂŒr effiziente solarthermische Kraftwerke

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    Im Projekt 5hine werden 5G Kommunikationslösungen fĂŒr Steuerung, Monitoring und Wartung verteilter industrieller Anlagen mit sehr hoher Anzahl und Dichte an Teilsystemen am Beispiel eines solarthermischen Kraftwerks entwickelt

    The dynamic geophysical environment of (101955) Bennu based on OSIRIS-REx measurements

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    The top-shaped morphology characteristic of asteroid (101955) Bennu, often found among fast-spinning asteroids and binary asteroid primaries, may have contributed substantially to binary asteroid formation. Yet a detailed geophysical analysis of this morphology for a fast-spinning asteroid has not been possible prior to the Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security-Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) mission. Combining the measured Bennu mass and shape obtained during the Preliminary Survey phase of the OSIRIS-REx mission, we find a notable transition in Bennu’s surface slopes within its rotational Roche lobe, defined as the region where material is energetically trapped to the surface. As the intersection of the rotational Roche lobe with Bennu’s surface has been most recently migrating towards its equator (given Bennu’s increasing spin rate), we infer that Bennu’s surface slopes have been changing across its surface within the last million years. We also find evidence for substantial density heterogeneity within this body, suggesting that its interior is a mixture of voids and boulders. The presence of such heterogeneity and Bennu’s top shape are consistent with spin-induced failure at some point in its past, although the manner of its failure cannot yet be determined. Future measurements by the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft will provide insight into and may resolve questions regarding the formation and evolution of Bennu’s top-shape morphology and its link to the formation of binary asteroids
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