Updated systematic review and meta-analysis of the comparative data on colposuspensions, pubovaginal slings, and midurethral tapes in the surgical treatment of female stress urinary incontinence

Context Retropubic (RP-TVT) and transobturator miurethral (TO-TVT) midurethral sling (MUS) are popular surgical treatments for female stress urinary incontinence. The long-term efficacy and safety of the procedures is still a topic of intense clinical research and several randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have been published in the last years Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of MUS compared with other surgical treatments for female stress urinary incontinence. Evidence acquisition A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature was performed using the Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to update our previously published analyses. Evidence synthesis Twenty-eight RCTs were identified. In total, the meta-analyses included 15 855 patients. Patients receiving MUS had significantly higher overall (odds ratio [OR]: 0.59, p = 0.0003) and objective (OR: 0.51, p = 0.001) cure rates than those receiving Burch colposuspension. Patients undergoing MUS and pubovaginal slings had similar cure rates. Patients treated with RT-TVT had higher subjective (OR: 0.83, p = 0.03) and objective (OR: 0.82, p = 0.01) cure rates than those receiving TO-TVT. However, the latter had a lower risk of intraoperative bladder or vaginal perforation (OR: 2.4, p = 0.0002), pelvic haematoma (OR: 2.61, p = 0.002), urinary tract infections (OR: 1.31, p = 0.04) and voiding lower urinary tract symptoms (OR: 1.66, p = 0.002). Sensitivity analyses limited to RCTs with follow-up durations >60 mo demonstrated similar outcomes for RP-TVT and TO-TVT. No significant differences in efficacy were identified comparing inside-to-out and outside-to-in TO-TVT but vaginal perforations were less common with the former (OR: 0.21, p = 0.0002). Conclusions The present analysis confirms the superiority of MUS over Burch colposuspension. The studies comparing insertion of RT-TVT and TO-TVT showed higher subjective and objective cure rates for the RP-TVT but at the cost of higher risks of some complications and voiding lower urinary tract symptoms. Efficacy of inside-out and outside-in techniques of TO-TVT insertion was similar, although the risk of vaginal perforation was lower in the inside-to-out TO-TVT. Patient summary Retropubic and transobturator midurethral slings are a popular treatment for female stress urinary incontinence. The available literature suggest that those slings are either more effective or safer than other older surgical procedures. Retropubic tapes are followed with slightly higher continence rates as compared with the transobturator tapes but are associated with higher risk of intra- and postoperative complications

Transferência de tecnologias, comunicação e negócios na Embrapa Gado de Leite: março de 2004 a maio de 2008.

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Cardoon meal as alternative protein source to soybean meal for limousine bulls fattening period: Effects on growth performances and meat quality traits

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Beef cattle feeding strategies are commonly based on soybean meal utilization as a fundamental protein source. This feed, though, might have negative environmental impacts on the major areas of production and is becoming very expensive. Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) is a resilient crop which represents a good opportunity in reclaiming and remediating unutilized lands. Cardoon seeds are rich in oil, which is extracted for industrial purposes, and the related by-products (press cake and meal) are characterized by high protein content and essential fatty acids. The aim of this study was to evaluate cardoon meal as a protein source during the Limousine bulls’ fattening period, in order to study a suitable alternative to develop and create low-input and low-emission feeding strategies. The results obtained in terms of growth performances showed no statistical difference between bulls fed the by control diet (containing soybean meal as main protein source) and animals fed by the experimental diet, where soybean meal was partially replaced by one containing cardoon meal. Meat quality traits were measured, and no differences between the groups were found. Hence, these by-products could be considered as a valuable solution in Limousine bulls’ fattening periods and could be used to represent a key factor to improve cattle-feeding sustainability. ABSTRACT: Soybean meal is the most important protein source in beef cattle feeding. The research of alternative protein sources to replace soy use, avoiding negative effects on in vivo performance and on the product’s quality, is an important issue. In this context, cardoon represents a non-OGM resilient crop that can be cultivated in marginal lands for extracting its seed oil (utilized for biodiesel and biodegradable bioplastic production) and whose and the residual meal from its seed oil (utilized for biodiesel and biodegradable bioplastic production) could be a suitable by-product for animal feeding, due to its fairly high protein content. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using cardoon meal as an innovative protein source during the Limousine bulls’ fattening period. Thirty-two bulls were divided into two groups and fed with a diet containing soybean meal (SG) or partially replacing soybean meal with cardoon meal as a protein source (CG), respectively. The feeding trial lasted about 11 months. Growth performances and meat physical–chemical traits were evaluated. No statistical differences in feed efficiency, average daily gain, or in the main meat quality indicators, as well as in fatty acid profiles were found among the groups. Therefore, cardoon meal could be considered as an alternative to soybean meal in fattening Limousine bulls in order to enhance the sustainability of the farming system

Cardoon meal (Cynara cardunculus var. altilis) as alternative protein source during finishing period in poultry feeding

The Food and Agriculture Organization’s previsions show that by 2050 the world’s population will reach 9.6 billion people, and the request for a high value protein source will increase as well. Poultry can guarantee high value protein for humans, even in the poorest regions of the world. Hence, ecient poultry production is needed, matching with sustainable development. The residual meal from cardoon seed oil (used for biodiesel and biodegradable bioplastic production) is suitable for animal feeding due to its protein content. The aim of this preliminary study was to test for a possible use of cardoon meal as a protein source in a poultry diet during the finishing period. Forty-five Kabir chickens were divided into three groups and fed three diets in which soybean meal (control) was partially (16%) or completely replaced with cardoon meal as a protein source (treated groups). In vivo performances, animal welfare, dressing out and meat color were evaluated. No statistical dierences in feed eciency, dressing out, nor in meat quality were found among groups. Moreover, birds that were fed cardoon meal showed lower perivisceral fat. Therefore, cardoon meal could be considered as an alternative for soybean meal in the finishing period in poultry feeding

Promovendo a comercialização solidária: o caso da RCS-Alegre

Esse relato se refere a experiência da Rede de Comercialização Solidária de Alegre, que apoia a economia solidária por meio da comercialização de produtos da agricultura familiar local. Os alimentos são produzidos sem o uso de agrotóxicos ou processados em agroindústrias familiares rurais. A Rede, hoje com mais de 20 agricultores e mais de 100 consumidores, tem grande potencial no apoio às práticas agroecológicas, contribuindo com a renda sustentável aos agricultores familiares, com a segurança alimentar dos consumidores, e com o exercício de valores de ética e solidariedade nas relações comerciais.Eje: B3 Economía y agroecología (Relatos de experiencias)Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Promovendo a comercialização solidária: o caso da RCS-Alegre

Esse relato se refere a experiência da Rede de Comercialização Solidária de Alegre, que apoia a economia solidária por meio da comercialização de produtos da agricultura familiar local. Os alimentos são produzidos sem o uso de agrotóxicos ou processados em agroindústrias familiares rurais. A Rede, hoje com mais de 20 agricultores e mais de 100 consumidores, tem grande potencial no apoio às práticas agroecológicas, contribuindo com a renda sustentável aos agricultores familiares, com a segurança alimentar dos consumidores, e com o exercício de valores de ética e solidariedade nas relações comerciais.Eje: B3 Economía y agroecología (Relatos de experiencias)Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Promovendo a comercialização solidária: o caso da RCS-Alegre

Esse relato se refere a experiência da Rede de Comercialização Solidária de Alegre, que apoia a economia solidária por meio da comercialização de produtos da agricultura familiar local. Os alimentos são produzidos sem o uso de agrotóxicos ou processados em agroindústrias familiares rurais. A Rede, hoje com mais de 20 agricultores e mais de 100 consumidores, tem grande potencial no apoio às práticas agroecológicas, contribuindo com a renda sustentável aos agricultores familiares, com a segurança alimentar dos consumidores, e com o exercício de valores de ética e solidariedade nas relações comerciais.Eje: B3 Economía y agroecología (Relatos de experiencias)Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

EU Copyright 20 Years After the InfoSoc Directive – Flexibility Needed More Than Ever

In the copyright arena, the European Union (EU) is a champion of a restrictive approach to copyright limitations and exceptions (L&Es). In the 2001 Information Society Directive (ISD), the EU combined a closed catalogue of permissible L&E prototypes with the three-step test known from Article 9(2) of the Berne Convention (BC), Article 13 of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) and Article 10 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty (WCT). Stipulating that L&Es could only be applied in certain special cases that do not conflict with a normal exploitation of the work and do not unreasonably prejudice legitimate interests of copyright holders, the EU created a worst-case scenario for cultural remix activities, socially valuable access to the cultural landscape and technological innovation. The closed list of pre-defined L&E prototypes, if anything, could have the advantage of enhanced legal certainty. This potential advantage, however, is beyond reach because of the unfortunate combination with the open-ended three-step test. If an EU Member State adopts and further specifies L&Es from the EU catalogue, these specific national L&Es may still be challenged on the grounds that they are incompatible with the three-step test. In other words, national L&Es – no matter how narrowly they are circumscribed in domestic legislation – may further be restricted by invoking the three-step test