Fiber-optic breath sensors: A comparison study

The paper presents a comparative study of three fiber optic sensors based on the fiber Bragg grating (FBG). The basic monitored parameter is the respiratory rate of the human body. Fiber-optic sensors are immune to electromagnetic interference (EMI). This fact singles them out as ideal for use in magnetic resonance environments (typically in MRI -magnetic resonance imaging) as a prediction of hyperventilation states in patients. These patient conditions arise as a result of the closed tunnel environment in MR scanners. The results (10 volunteers with written consent) were compared with the results using the conventional respiratory belt (RB) in a laboratory environment and processed using the objective Bland-Altman (B-A) method.Web of Science40635

Methods of power line interference elimination in EMG signals

Electromyogram (EMG) recordings are often corrupted by the wide range of artifacts, which one of them is power line interference (PLI). The study focuses on some of the well-known signal processing approaches used to eliminate or attenuate PLI from EMG signal. The results are compared using signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman analysis for each tested method: notch filter, adaptive noise canceller (ANC) and wavelet transform (WT). Thus, the power of the remaining noise and shape of the output signal are analysed. The results show that the ANC method gives the best output SNR and lowest shape distortion compared to the other methods.Web of Science40706

Design of a new method for detection of occupancy in the smart home using an FBG sensor

This article introduces a new way of using a fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensor for detecting the presence and number of occupants in the monitored space in a smart home (SH). CO2 sensors are used to determine the CO2 concentration of the monitored rooms in an SH. CO2 sensors can also be used for occupancy recognition of the monitored spaces in SH. To determine the presence of occupants in the monitored rooms of the SH, the newly devised method of CO2 prediction, by means of an artificial neural network (ANN) with a scaled conjugate gradient (SCG) algorithm using measurements of typical operational technical quantities (indoor temperature, relative humidity indoor and CO2 concentration in the SH) is used. The goal of the experiments is to verify the possibility of using the FBG sensor in order to unambiguously detect the number of occupants in the selected room (R104) and, at the same time, to harness the newly proposed method of CO2 prediction with ANN SCG for recognition of the SH occupancy status and the SH spatial location (rooms R104, R203, and R204) of an occupant. The designed experiments will verify the possibility of using a minimum number of sensors for measuring the non-electric quantities of indoor temperature and indoor relative humidity and the possibility of monitoring the presence of occupants in the SH using CO2 prediction by means of the ANN SCG method with ANN learning for the data obtained from only one room (R203). The prediction accuracy exceeded 90% in certain experiments. The uniqueness and innovativeness of the described solution lie in the integrated multidisciplinary application of technological procedures (the BACnet technology control SH, FBG sensors) and mathematical methods (ANN prediction with SCG algorithm, the adaptive filtration with an LMS algorithm) employed for the recognition of number persons and occupancy recognition of selected monitored rooms of SH.Web of Science202art. no. 39

The controlled heating of composites materials

Předpokládána práce se zabývá problémem řízeného vytápění kompozitního materiálu pro venkovní použití. Základem práce je analýza předložených betonových vzorků kompozitu. Zjištění vlivu stejnosměrného a střídavého napětí na předložené vzorky a volbu měřící metody. Správnou volbou měřící metody, bylo možno změření všech vzorku. Z porovnání byly vybrány vzorky kompozitního materiálu, které jsou vhodné pro další použití. Pro vybrané vzorky kompozitního materiálu byla navržena podle jejich parametru optimální řídící jednotka pro vytápění a temperování.Expected work solves problem of controlled heating of composite material for outdoor application. Basement of work is analysis of submitted concrete specimen of composite. Then I find out influence of direct and alternating voltage on submitted specimen and I choose method of measurement. Whereas I chose correct method of measurement, I could measure all specimens. From comparing I chose specimen of composite material, which are suitable for a next application. For chosen specimen of composite material I designed control unit for heating and tempering. The control unit was designed according to their parameter.

Verification Dilution Method using Specific Indicator

Import 05/08/2014Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá měřením srdečního výdeje pomocí diluční metody za použití nového indikátoru, kterým je 10% roztok glukózy. V práci jsme úspěšně ověřili naše předpoklady vycházející z teoretických znalostí o tomto médiu. Diluce glukózy je nová metoda, která není v klinické praxi prozatím využívaná. Předmětem této Bc práce je také příprava zavedení této metody do klinické praxe což obsahuje přípravu potřebné dokumentace a testů na zvířatech. Některé testy byly již provedeny a vyhodnoceny, jejich výsledky jsou přiloženy v předkládané BP.This Bachelor Thesis deals with measurement of the cardiac output employing a dilution method with use of a novel indicator - 10% glucose solution. In our work, we have successfully verified our hypotheses stemming from the theoretical knowledge of this medium. Glucose dilution is a relatively new method currently not used in clinical practice. Within the frame of this study, we have also taken first steps towards introduction of this method into clinical practice, which includes preparation of the required documentation and tests in animals. Some of these tests have already been performed and evaluated, their results are also presented in the attached Thesis.450 - Katedra kybernetiky a biomedicínského inženýrstvívýborn

Analysis of the applicability of singlemode optical fibers for measurement of deformation with distributed systems BOTDR

Distributed optical fiber sensors allow monitoring physical effects across the whole cable. The paper presents results obtained from the performed tests and shows that single mode fibers can provide analyses of the deformation changes, when distributed optical systems BOTDR used. We used standard optical fiber G.652.D with primary and secondary protected layers and specialized cable SMC-V4 designed for this purpose. The aim was to compare the deformation sensitivity and determine which fiber types are the best to use. We deformed the fiber in the longitudinal and transverse directions and mechanically stressed in orthogonal directions to find how to localize optical fibers. They could be deployed in real use. For achieving optimal results of mechanical changes and acting forces, sensor fibers have to be located carefully

Encapsulation of FBG sensor into the PDMS and its effect on spectral and temperature characteristics

Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) is the most distributed type of fiber-optic sensors. FBGs are primarily sensitive to the effects of temperature and deformation. By employing different transformation techniques, it is possible to use FBG to monitor any physical quantity. To use them as parts of sensor applications, it is essential to encapsulate FBGs to achieve their maximum protection against external effects and damage. Another reason to encapsulate is increasing of sensitivity to the measured quantity. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) encapsulation appears to be an interesting alternative due to convenient temperature and flexibility of the elastomer. This article describes an experimental proposal of FBG PDMS encapsulation process, also providing an analysis of the FBG spectral characteristics and temperature sensitivity, both influenced by high temperature and the process of polydimethylsiloxane curing itself. As for the PDMS type, Sylgard 184 was employed. Encapsulation consisted of several steps: allocation of FBG to PDMS in its liquid state, curing PDMS at the temperature of 80°C ± 5 %, and a 50-minute relaxation necessary to stabilize a Bragg wavelength. A broadband light source and an optical spectrum analyzer were both used to monitor the parameters during the processes of curing and relaxation. Presented results imply that such a method of encapsulation does not have any influence on the structure or functionality of the FBG. At the same time, a fourfold increase of temperature sensitivity was monitored when compared to a bare FBG

The design of an indirect method for the human presence monitoring in the intelligent building

This article describes the design and verification of the indirect method of predicting the course of CO2 concentration (ppm) from the measured temperature variables Tindoor (degrees C) and the relative humidity rH(indoor) (%) and the temperature T-outdoor (degrees C) using the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with the Bayesian Regulation Method (BRM) for monitoring the presence of people in the individual premises in the Intelligent Administrative Building (IAB) using the PI System SW Tool (PI-Plant Information enterprise information system). The CA (Correlation Analysis), the MSE (Root Mean Squared Error) and the DTW (Dynamic Time Warping) criteria were used to verify and classify the results obtained. Within the proposed method, the LMS adaptive filter algorithm was used to remove the noise of the resulting predicted course. In order to verify the method, two long-term experiments were performed, specifically from February 1 to February 28, 2015, from June 1 to June 28, 2015 and from February 8 to February 14, 2015. For the best results of the trained ANN BRM within the prediction of CO2, the correlation coefficient R for the proposed method was up to 92%. The verification of the proposed method confirmed the possibility to use the presence of people of the monitored IAB premises for monitoring. The designed indirect method of CO2 prediction has potential for reducing the investment and operating costs of the IAB in relation to the reduction of the number of implemented sensors in the IAB within the process of management of operational and technical functions in the IAB. The article also describes the design and implementation of the FEIVISUAL visualization application for mobile devices, which monitors the technological processes in the IAB. This application is optimized for Android devices and is platform independent. The application requires implementation of an application server that communicates with the data server and the application developed. The data of the application developed is obtained from the data storage of the PI System via a PI Web REST API (Application Programming Integration) client.Web of Science8art. no. 2

State and causes of eutrophication of the Žermanice dam (2016-2018)

Tato bakalářská práce je zaměřena na problematiku eutrofizace Žermanické přehrady v rozmezí let 2016 až 2018. Tato práce se zaobírá příčiny eutrofizace Žermanické přehrady. První část je věnována charakteristice VN Žermanice a poměrům v dané krajině. Ve druhé části je popisována terminologie koupacích vod a jejich porovnání v České republice a ve světě. Třetí část se věnuje problematice eutrofizace vod nejen obecně, ale také ve zmíněné Žermanické přehradě a zároveň popisuje prvky způsobující eutrofizaci a také dopady eutrofizace na životní prostředí. Ve čtvrté části jsou následně vypracovány data za roky 2016 až 2018, kde tyto data v letech 2016 a 2018 naměřilo Povodí Odry a data roku 2017 pak poskytl Ing. Jakub Pospíšil. Nejvíce prostoru je věnováno fosforu a jeho vlivu na vodní ekosystém.This bachelor thesis is focused on the issue of eutrophication of the Žermanice Dam between 2016 and 2018. This thesis deals with the causes of eutrophication of the Žermanice Dam. The first part is devoted to the characteristics of Žermanice dam and the conditions in the landscape. The second part describes the terminology of bathing waters and their comparison in the Czech Republic and in the world. The third part deals with the issue of eutrophication of water not only in general, but also in the mentioned Žermanice Dam and also describes elements causing eutrophication and also the environmental impact of eutrophication. Subsequently, data for the years 2016 to 2018 are drawn up in the fourth part, where the data from 2016 and 2018 were measured by the Odra River Basin and the data of 2017 were provided by Ing. Jakub Pospíšil. Most space is devoted to phosphorus and its effect on the aquatic ecosystem.546 - Katedra environmentálního inženýrstvídobř