The Impact of Psychological Capital, Supervisor Support and Risk Tolerance in Managers on Innovative Work Behavior

The present study intended to address the impact of positive psychological capital, supervisor support and risk tolerance in manager on innovative work behavior. The study emphasizes on the impression that employees who have positive psychological capital and receives support from their immediate supervisor/manager tend towards innovative work behavior on the job. In addition, employees whose manager allows them to take the risk can manage the external environment. Simple random sampling methodology was used to collect data from 11 private companies consisting of the telecommunication sector, banks and IT sector of Lahore, Pakistan. Findings from 400 employees by applying regression technique revealed that positive psychological capital, supervisor support and risk tolerance in manager have a positive impact on innovative work behavior. Results of the study highlight the importance of inculcating a positive work environment, support of the supervisor, which leads to the competitiveness of the organization. The limitations of the study and future research directions are discussed. Results underscore the importance of considering the direction of the positive work environment

The Impact of Workplace Incivility on The Psychological Wellbeing of Employees Through Emotional Exhaustion

Workplace environment has received a lot attention from many authors for research purpose. The present study extends the scope of the workplace incivility literature by adding the dependent variable like psychological wellbeing, prohibitive voice behaviour, intention to leave. I have selected these research variables because of its importance however, the association of these variables with the workplace incivility as independent variable is the unique contribution of the study to the existing body of knowledge. All the dependent variables are also helpful in the career development of employees and make contribution to achieve organization goals. This research will help organizations to study how workplace incivility affects the behaviour of the employees, besides it helps organizations to consider the workplace incivility effects on the employees while making decisions in achieving organization goals. Another significant achievement of the study is the use of emotional exhaustion as a mediator. The mediation role of emotional Exhaustion between workplace incivility and dependent variables like psychological wellbeing, prohibitive voice behaviour and intention to leave reveals much truth through mediation analysis. The use of prohibitive voice behaviour as an independent variable is also uniqueness of this study, it will reveal a lot of facts how prohibitive voice behaviour effects the employees in the organization. This study also uses the mechanism of the Conservation of resource theory to explain and justify the impact of workplace incivility on prohibitive voice behaviour, psychological wellbeing of employees and intention to leave. Although various researchers use the COR theory this study the theory describes how employees have the negative feelings and out of their resources (Knowledge, skills, ability) when dealing with workplace incivility

Problems Encountered by Women in Education Sector of Bahawalpur

As we all know that education is crucial in the development of any country. The main focus of this research is to identify the problems faced by working women in education sector. We discovered that most of the parents and certain relatives are supportive towards their daughter serving in the education sector. All our respondents strongly believed that the married women face greater challenges than unmarried women. Although their husbands are co-operative but there children are prominently neglected. Despite the supportive attitude of their parents unmarried women still face challenges like transportation and managing time between personal and social life. Most of the respondents, married or unmarried, believed that their salary and promotion system is not satisfactory for which they blame “Favouritism”. In spite of all the facts, our research concludes that the education sector of Bahawalpur for female teacher is fairly good. Keywords: Women, Education Sector, Bahawalpur

(Review article*) Permaculture: Smart Growth Strategies and Management for Juniper Forest

Permaculture creates an integrated system by incorporating those parameters which are often viewed as separate entities such as smart growth, low-impact development, habitat protection, complete streets, and other initiatives. Its gives better planning options and give policies a line of coherence and directions which provides basis for the real concept of sustainability. Presently in Pakistan, forest management policies suffer from a number of drawbacks and especially the Juniper forests in Pakistan are under constant pressure due to natural as well as anthropogenic pressures. To conserve the Juniper Forest Ecosystem a proposed Smart Growth Strategies based on Permaculture’s principles are designed to protect the Ziarat Juniper Forest that offers an unequivocal vision and strategy to gain valid sustainability in forest management

Happiness, Gratitude, Life Satisfaction, and Life Orientation among Working and Non-working Individuals

The study was conducted to find differences among working and non-working individuals regarding happiness, gratitude, life satisfaction, and life orientation. Convenient sampling technique was used to collect the data. The sample consisted of 300 individuals; 150 were working and 150 were non-working individuals. Out of 150 working participants, 75 participants were bankers and 75 were teachers. The non-working sample consisted of 75 males and 75 females. Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, The Gratitude Questionnaire-six item form (GQ- 6), Satisfaction with Life Scale and Life Orientation Test-Revised were used to measure happiness, gratitude, life satisfaction, and life orientation respectively. Correlation unveiled that happiness, gratitude, life satisfaction, and life orientation were positively correlated. Independent sample t-test showed that working individuals were happier, more grateful, and more satisfied with life as compared to non-working individuals while non-working females showed higher levels of gratitude, satisfaction, and positive life orientation than non-working men. Further independent sample t test indicated that bankers were happier than teachers. Multiple regression analysis showed that happiness and gratitude predict life satisfaction

Process optimization for enhanced production of cellulases form locally isolated fungal strain by submerged fermentation

Cellulase has myriad applications in various sectors like pharmaceuticals, textile, detergents, animal feed and bioethanol production, etc. The current study focuses on the isolation, screening and optimization of fungal strain through one factor at a time technique for enhanced cellulase production.  In current study sixteen different fungal cultures were isolated and the culture which quantitatively exhibits higher titers of cellulase activity was identified both morphologically and molecularly by 18S rDNA and designated as Aspergillus niger ABT11. Different parameters like fermentation medium, volume, temperature, pH and nutritional components were optimized. The highest CMCase and FPase activities  was achieved in 100ml of M5 medium in the presence of 1% lactose and sodium nitrate at 30 oC, pH5 after 72 hours. The result revealed A. niger can be a potential candidate for scale up studies

Health Care Associated Infections (HCAIs) a New Threat for World; U-Turn from Recovery to Death

Health care associated infections also termed as nosocomial infections are notable cause of morbidity and mortality especially in resource limited countries like Pakistan. Newborns and aged people have more probability of being infected by Health care associated infections because of immunosuppressant. Central line associated blood stream infections (CLABSI) are considered as one of the promising negotiator associated with Health Care associated infections. Improper health care setting and unaware medical staff play a championship protagonist in prevalence of health care associated infections. Standard hygienic measures should be adopted to reduce risk of Health care associated infections. So, there is a pressing need to take on control policies by Government to handle this dilemma. This chapter gives new intuition to healthcare associated microbes, infections and provides comprehensive detailed on ironic precaution to scientific community

Climate resilient development pathways in the Hindu Kush Himalayan region

Communities throughout the world face substantial challenges in the face of climate change. This is of particular concern in climate change hotspots, especially where extreme climate effects coincide with large numbers of vulnerable and poor people. The Hindu Kush Himalayan region is one such climate change hotspot. For development to be sustainable in the Hindu Kush Himalayan region, interventions need to include choices and actions that improve livelihoods and alleviate poverty, counteract climate change, are inclusive for the most vulnerable and resilient over time. Climate resilient development pathways present an option to bring together these goals, by consolidating climate action and development choices to generate pathways towards sustainable development.UK Government’s Foreign and Commonwealth Development Office (FCDO

Effect of early tranexamic acid administration on mortality, hysterectomy, and other morbidities in women with post-partum haemorrhage (WOMAN): an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Background Post-partum haemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal death worldwide. Early administration of tranexamic acid reduces deaths due to bleeding in trauma patients. We aimed to assess the effects of early administration of tranexamic acid on death, hysterectomy, and other relevant outcomes in women with post-partum haemorrhage. Methods In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we recruited women aged 16 years and older with a clinical diagnosis of post-partum haemorrhage after a vaginal birth or caesarean section from 193 hospitals in 21 countries. We randomly assigned women to receive either 1 g intravenous tranexamic acid or matching placebo in addition to usual care. If bleeding continued after 30 min, or stopped and restarted within 24 h of the first dose, a second dose of 1 g of tranexamic acid or placebo could be given. Patients were assigned by selection of a numbered treatment pack from a box containing eight numbered packs that were identical apart from the pack number. Participants, care givers, and those assessing outcomes were masked to allocation. We originally planned to enrol 15 000 women with a composite primary endpoint of death from all-causes or hysterectomy within 42 days of giving birth. However, during the trial it became apparent that the decision to conduct a hysterectomy was often made at the same time as randomisation. Although tranexamic acid could influence the risk of death in these cases, it could not affect the risk of hysterectomy. We therefore increased the sample size from 15 000 to 20 000 women in order to estimate the effect of tranexamic acid on the risk of death from post-partum haemorrhage. All analyses were done on an intention-to-treat basis. This trial is registered with ISRCTN76912190 (Dec 8, 2008); ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00872469; and PACTR201007000192283. Findings Between March, 2010, and April, 2016, 20 060 women were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive tranexamic acid (n=10 051) or placebo (n=10 009), of whom 10 036 and 9985, respectively, were included in the analysis. Death due to bleeding was significantly reduced in women given tranexamic acid (155 [1·5%] of 10 036 patients vs 191 [1·9%] of 9985 in the placebo group, risk ratio [RR] 0·81, 95% CI 0·65–1·00; p=0·045), especially in women given treatment within 3 h of giving birth (89 [1·2%] in the tranexamic acid group vs 127 [1·7%] in the placebo group, RR 0·69, 95% CI 0·52–0·91; p=0·008). All other causes of death did not differ significantly by group. Hysterectomy was not reduced with tranexamic acid (358 [3·6%] patients in the tranexamic acid group vs 351 [3·5%] in the placebo group, RR 1·02, 95% CI 0·88–1·07; p=0·84). The composite primary endpoint of death from all causes or hysterectomy was not reduced with tranexamic acid (534 [5·3%] deaths or hysterectomies in the tranexamic acid group vs 546 [5·5%] in the placebo group, RR 0·97, 95% CI 0·87-1·09; p=0·65). Adverse events (including thromboembolic events) did not differ significantly in the tranexamic acid versus placebo group. Interpretation Tranexamic acid reduces death due to bleeding in women with post-partum haemorrhage with no adverse effects. When used as a treatment for postpartum haemorrhage, tranexamic acid should be given as soon as possible after bleeding onset. Funding London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Pfizer, UK Department of Health, Wellcome Trust, and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Redesigned immunization card and center-based education to reduce childhood immunization dropouts in urban Pakistan: A randomized controlled trial

In Pakistan during 2000-2004, about 11-13% of children who received the first close of diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT1) failed to complete its third dose (DPT3). We assessed the effect of a redesigned immunization card and center-based education to mothers on DPT3 completion. We enrolled 1500 mother-child units at DIM, randomized them to three intervention and one standard care groups, and recorded their DPT3 visits during a 90-day follow-up. In multivariable analysis, a significant increase of 31% (adjusted RR =1.31, 95% CI = 1.18-1.46) in DPT3 completion was estimated in the group that received both redesigned card and center-based education compared with the standard care group