String Bean Juice Decreases Blood Glucose Level Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is deficiency of insulin and caused by decreases of insulin receptor or bad quality of insulin. As a result, insulin hormone does not work effectively in blood glucose regulation. String bean juice contains thiamin and fiber may regulate blood glucose level. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of string bean juice to decrease blood glucose level of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Method: This study employed a quasy-experimental pre-post test control group design and purposive sampling. The population were all type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Puskesmas Pacar Keling Surabaya. Sample were 12 patients who met inclusion criteria. The independent variable was string bean juice and dependent variable was blood glucose level. Data were analyzed by using Paired T-test with significance level of α≤ 0.05 and Independent T-test with significant level of α≤0.05. Result: The results showed that string bean juice has an effect on decreasing blood glucose between pre test and post test for blood glucose with independent T-test is p=0.003. Analysis: In conclusion, string bean juice has an effect on blood glucose level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Discussion: The possible explanation for this findings is string bean juice contains two ingredients: thiamine and fiber. Thiamine helps support insulin receptors and glucose transporter in cells hence GLUT-4 could translocated to the cell membrane brought glucouse enter to the intracellular compartment, that leads to blood glucouse level well regulated. Dietary fiber reduces food transit time so slowing the glucose absorption. Therefore blood glucose level will be decreased

Antioxidant activities and flavonoid contents of selected plants belonging to Family Loranthaceae

The methanolic extract of three parasitic plants belonging to family Loranthaceae (Plicosepalus acacia, Plicosepalus curviflorus and Phragmanthera austro arabica) were investigated for their antioxidant activity. The free radical and nitrogen oxide scavenging abilities were evaluated using diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and Griess reagent was used to determine the total antioxidant activity. The three extracts showed comparable activities. The three activities ranged from 18 to 56% of the activity of standard ascorbic. The total flavonoid contents were determined and calculated in terms of quercetin which was detected in all the examined extracts. The quercetin concentration was determined using high performance thin layer chromatography using CHCl3 : MeOH : glacial acetic acid (8.5: 1.5: 0.1) for development. The maximum sensitivity was obtained when the plates were scanned at 360 nm. The concentration of quercetin varied from 0.157 (P. austro arabica) to 0.062 g% (P. acacia) and P. curviflorus contained 0.115 g% w/w quercetin. All validation parameters were found to be satisfactory regarding accuracy, precision, limits of detection and quantitation.Key words: Loranthaceae, antioxidant, spectrophotometry, high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), flavonoids, quercetin, ascorbic acid

A year of genomic surveillance reveals how the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic unfolded in Africa.

The progression of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic in Africa has so far been heterogeneous, and the full impact is not yet well understood. In this study, we describe the genomic epidemiology using a dataset of 8746 genomes from 33 African countries and two overseas territories. We show that the epidemics in most countries were initiated by importations predominantly from Europe, which diminished after the early introduction of international travel restrictions. As the pandemic progressed, ongoing transmission in many countries and increasing mobility led to the emergence and spread within the continent of many variants of concern and interest, such as B.1.351, B.1.525, A.23.1, and C.1.1. Although distorted by low sampling numbers and blind spots, the findings highlight that Africa must not be left behind in the global pandemic response, otherwise it could become a source for new variants

Carrying Capacity for Land Rehabilitation Strategy in Merawu Watershed, Banjarnegara District

The upstream watershed area (DAS) has a function as a buffer zone. The Merawu watershed is one of the upstream parts of the Serayu watershed which is dominated by agricultural land. The declining carrying capacity of the Merawu watershed is indicated by the imbalance between supply and demand for resources in the Merawu watershed. For a long time, it can interfere with the function of the soil as life support. The research objectives are: 1) analyzing the carrying capacity of the Merawu watershed through 3 approaches, namely: ecological footprint (land capacity), water capacity,, and land protection capacity. The research method used is to compare supply and demand. And 2) Formulating a recovery strategy in the Merawu watershed based on an analysis of the environmental carrying capacity and focusing on increasing the carrying capacity. The results showed that the Merawu watershed has the carrying capacity of the protection function in the overshoot condition, the water carrying capacity in the conditionallysave condition, and the carrying capacity of the land in the overshoot condition. There are five watershed recovery strategies in the upstream, middle and downstream areas to increase carrying capacity

Efektifitas Senam Ergonomis, Senam Prolanis dan Rendaman Air Hangat Terhadap Penurunan Tekanan Darah Pada Penderita Hipertensi Stadium I di Kelurahan Tonyamang, Teppo dan Desa Masolo Kecamatan Patampanua Kabupaten Pinran

ABSTRAKNUR AL-FAIDA. Efektifitas Senam Ergonomis, Senam Prolanis dan Rendaman Air Hangat Terhadap Penurunan Tekanan Darah Pada Penderita Hipertensi Stadium I di Kelurahan Tonyamang, Teppo dan Desa Masolo Kecamatan Patampanua Kabupaten Pinrang (dibimbing oleh H. Masriadi dan H. Muh.Basri).Hipertensi atau yang dikenal dengan penyakit darah tinggi adalah suatu gangguan pembuluh darah yang mengakibatkan suplai oksigen dan nutrisi yang dibawah oleh darah terhambat sampai kejaringan tubuh yang membutuhkannya. Senam Ergonomis adalah senam yang diihlami oleh gerakan shalat. Senam Prolanis adalah upaya untuk meningkatkan pemeliharaan kesehatan dan meningkatkan aktifitas fisik melalui kegiatan olahraga/senam. Rendaman air hangat adalah salah satu media terapi yang bisa mencegah dan memulihkan seseorang dari penyakit hipertensi.Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis Efektifitas Senam Ergonomis, Senam Prolanis dan Rendaman Air Hangat Terhadap Penurunan Tekanan Darah Pada Penderita Hipertensi Stadium I dan menganalisis variable yang lebih efektif (Senam Ergonomis, Senam Prolanis dan Rendaman Air Hangat ).Jenis penelitian ini adalah quasi eksperimental dengan desain kelompok kontrol nonequivalent. Pengambilan sampel secara purposive sampling. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah penderita hipertensi stadium I yaitu 42 orang yang terdiri dari 3 kelompok eksperimen dan 3 kelompok kontrol. Setiap kelompok eksperimen terdiri dari 7 orang dan kelompok kontrol 7 orang. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah uji One Way ANOVA dan Independent t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Senam Ergonomis, Senam Prolanis dan Rendaman Air Hangat efektif dilakukan untuk menurunkan tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik. Pada kelompok eksperimen mengalami perubahan dengan nilai p-value 0,05. Intervensi yang paling efektif menurunkan tekanan darah yaitu senam ergonomis, tekanan darah sistolik yaitu nilai t ?,?? dengan nilai sig 0,0

Carrying Capacity for Land Rehabilitation Strategy in Merawu Watershed, Banjarnegara District

The upstream watershed area (DAS) has a function as a buffer zone. The Merawu watershed is one of the upstream parts of the Serayu watershed which is dominated by agricultural land. The declining carrying capacity of the Merawu watershed is indicated by the imbalance between supply and demand for resources in the Merawu watershed. For a long time, it can interfere with the function of the soil as life support. The research objectives are: 1) analyzing the carrying capacity of the Merawu watershed through 3 approaches, namely: ecological footprint (land capacity), water capacity, and land protection capacity. The research method used is to compare supply and demand. And 2) Formulating a recovery strategy in the Merawu watershed based on an analysis of the environmental carrying capacity and focusing on increasing the carrying capacity. The results showed that the Merawu watershed has the carrying capacity of the protection function in the overshoot condition, the water carrying capacity in the conditionally-save condition, and the carrying capacity of the land in the overshoot condition. There are five watershed recovery strategies in the upstream, middle and downstream areas to increase carrying capacity

Theonellamide G, a Potent Antifungal and Cytotoxic Bicyclic Glycopeptide from the Red Sea Marine Sponge Theonella swinhoei

In our search for bioactive metabolites from marine organisms, we have investigated the polar fraction of the organic extract of the Red Sea sponge Theonella swinhoei. Successive chromatographic separations and final HPLC purification of the potent antifungal fraction afforded a new bicyclic glycopeptide, theonellamide G (1). The structure of the peptide was determined using extensive 1D and 2D NMR and high-resolution mass spectral determinations. The absolute configuration of theonellamide G was determined by chemical degradation and 2D NMR spectroscopy. Theonellamide G showed potent antifungal activity towards wild and amphotericin B-resistant strains of Candida albicans with IC50 of 4.49 and 2.0 μM, respectively. Additionally, it displayed cytotoxic activity against the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line (HCT-16) with IC50 of 6.0 μM. These findings provide further insight into the chemical diversity and biological activities of this class of compounds

Aryloxyalkanoic Acids as Non-Covalent Modifiers of the Allosteric Properties of Hemoglobin

Hemoglobin (Hb) modifiers that stereospecifically inhibit sickle hemoglobin polymer formation and/or allosterically increase Hb affinity for oxygen have been shown to prevent the primary pathophysiology of sickle cell disease (SCD), specifically, Hb polymerization and red blood cell sickling. Several such compounds are currently being clinically studied for the treatment of SCD. Based on the previously reported non-covalent Hb binding characteristics of substituted aryloxyalkanoic acids that exhibited antisickling properties, we designed, synthesized and evaluated 18 new compounds (KAUS II series) for enhanced antisickling activities. Surprisingly, select test compounds showed no antisickling effects or promoted erythrocyte sickling. Additionally, the compounds showed no significant effect on Hb oxygen affinity (or in some cases, even decreased the affinity for oxygen). The X-ray structure of deoxygenated Hb in complex with a prototype compound, KAUS-23, revealed that the effector bound in the central water cavity of the protein, providing atomic level explanations for the observed functional and biological activities. Although the structural modification did not lead to the anticipated biological effects, the findings provide important direction for designing candidate antisickling agents, as well as a framework for novel Hb allosteric effectors that conversely, decrease the protein affinity for oxygen for potential therapeutic use for hypoxic- and/or ischemic-related diseases