Kinetics of Hg and Pb Removal in Aqueous Solution Using Coal Fly Ash Adsorbent

Water pollution caused by heavy metals is a serious problem to environment. Hg and Pb are heavy metals having high toxicity level. Heavy metals treatment is necessary before releasing them to environment. The use of adsorption method is interesting because of its relatively simple operation. The development of adsorption is oriented to the use of industrial waste such as coal fly ash. The objective of this research is to investigate the kinetics aspect of Hg and Pb adsorption using coal fly ash. A series of a Hg and Pb adsorption experiment using coal fly ash with time variation was carried out. The results were plotted to pseudo first order kinetic and pseudo second order kinetic model. The conclusion obtained was that Hg and Pb adsorption kinetics followed pseudo second order kinetic mode

The Influence of PH Values on the Crystallite Size of ZNO by Solvothermal Synthesis

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a semiconductor material that widely used in various applications due to its unique properties. Synthesis of ZnO by solvothermal method has been conducted with controlled pH values. The variations of pH value were 10, 11 and 12 by adjusting NaOH content. Crystall structure of the synthesis products after heat treatment at 110oC and 600oC has characterised by X-ray Diffratometer (XRD). Crystallite size of ZnO was measured by Scherrer equation. Crystall phase of ZnO has been observed on all pH value variations at 110 oC with 22,98-37,06 nm of crystallite size, whereas ZnO has been observed on all pH value variations at 600 oC with 41,39-71,77 nm of crystallite size

Komparasi efisiensi pengolahan limbah cair domestik menggunakan proses biofilter anaerob-aerob dengan dan tanpa penambahan konsorsium bakteri potensial

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui efisiensi dari biofilter anaerob aerob dengan dan tanpa penambahan bakteri potensial. Unit pengolahan biologis merupakan altemati[ utama yang dapat dipilih untuk pengolahan limbah rumah makan ini karena nilai rasio BOO/COD adalah 0,4 yang berarti limbah bersifat biodegradable. Limbah dengan kandungan bahan organik yang tinggi dan mudah terurai merupakan medium yang bagus untuk pertumbukan mikroba. Ada 2 seri reaktor yang digunakan, yaitu dengan dan tanpa penambahan bakteri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa debit total rata-rata pemakaian air sebesar 5,45 m3lhari. Sedangkan debit puncak sebesar 6,23 m3/hari pada pukul 14.00-15.00 WlB. Komposisi limbahnya terdiri atas protein 0,65%; amilum 0,08%; dan lipolitik 98,4%. Nilai suhu, pH, dan TSS yang terukur, yaitu: 30° C, 6, dan 248,00-2086,00 mg/L. Untuk parameter NH3-N (amonia total), minyak dan lemak, BOD5, COD, dan zat organik (KMn04), nilainya secara bemrutan dengan satuan mg/L adalah 3,50-4,26; 17533,7-18189,2; 154,40-1163,30; 384,00-2912,00; 142,20-750,50. Nilai yang terukur, semuanya melebihi baku mutu. Sedangkan hasil pen~ujian karakter biologi diketahui bahwa dalam 1 mllimbah cair domestik mengandung 3,2 xlO CFl] bakteri. Limbah ini berpotensi mencemari lingkungan dengan tingkat pencemaran ringansedang, jika limbah tidak diolah. efisiensi pengolahan limbah cair domestik menggunakan proses biofilter anaerob-aerob dengan penambahan konsorsium mikroba, cenderung lebih bagus

Application of Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 (Bst) Film Doped with 0%, 2%, 4% and 6% Concentrations of RuO2 as an Arduino Nano-Based Bad Breath Sensor

Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 (BST) film doped with variations in RuO2 concentration (0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%) has been successfully grown on a type-p silicon substrate (100) using the chemical solution deposition (CSD) method and spin-coating at a speed of 3000 rpm for 30 s. The film on the substrate was then heated at 850 °C for 15 h. The sensitivity of BST film + RuO2 variations as a gas sensor were characterized. The sensitivity characterization was assisted by various electronic circuitry with the purpose of producing a sensor that is very sensitive to gas. The responses from the BST film + RuO2 variation were varied, depending on the concentration of the RuO2 dope. BST film doped with 6% RuO2 had a very good response to halitosis gases; therefore, this film was applied as the Arduino-Nano-based bad-breath detecting sensor. Before it was integrated with the microcontroller, the voltage output of the BST film was amplified using an op-amp circuit to make the voltage output from the BST film readable to the microcontroller. The changes in the voltage response were then shown on the prototype display. If the voltage output was ≤12.9 mV, the display would read “bad breath”. If the voltage output >42.1 mV, the display would read “fragrant”. If 12.9 mV < voltage output ≤ 42.1 mV, the display would read “normal”

Folate receptor mediated in vivo targeted delivery of human serum albumin coated manganese ferrite magnetic nanoparticles to cancer cells

Manganese ferrite nanoparticles (MnFe2O4) have received increasing attention due to their remarkable magnetic properties and have been used for various biomedical applications. They have potential applications in magnetic resonance imaging and hyperthermia for cancer. Both novel applications require a delivery system that will allow nanoparticle to move easily and localization of nanoparticle to the target tissue. In our work, we developed human serum albumin coated manganese ferrite magnetic nanoparticles (HSA-MF NPs). The nanoparticles were prepared using solvothermal method and modified with folic acid for targeted delivery. Structure and morphology of manganese ferrite nanoparticle were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The size of folic acid conjugated HSA-MF NPs (HSA-MF-FA NPs) were studied by dynamic light scattering (DLS). In the in vivo study, we used benzopyrene-induced cancer in mice. We successfully delivered HSA-MF-FA NPs through intravenous tail injection after induction of the tumour. We found that 54% of initial HSA-MF-FA NPs which previously injected localize in the target tissue. While obtained p-value from independent T-test is 0.013 which shows that there is a difference between the control group (HSA-MF NPs) and the treated group (HSA-MF-FA NPs

In Vitro Assessment on Designing Novel Antibiofilms of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Using a Computational Approach

An anti-biofilm that can inhibit the matrix of biofilm formation is necessary to prevent recurrent and chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. This study aimed to design compounds with a new mechanism through competitive inhibitory activity against phosphomannomutase/phosphoglucomutase (PMM/PGM), using in vitro assessment and a computational (in silico) approach. The active site of PMM/PGM was assessed through molecular redocking using L-tartaric acid as the native ligand and other small molecules, such as glucaric acid, D-sorbitol, and ascorbic acid. The docking program set the small molecules to the active site, showing a stable complex formation. Analysis of structural similarity, bioavailability, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity properties proved the potential application of ligands as an anti-biofilm. In vitro assessment with crystal violet showed that the ligands could reach up to 95.87% inhibition at different concentrations. The nitrocellulose membrane and scanning electron microscopic visualization showed that the untreated P. aeruginosa biofilm was denser than the ligand-treated biofilm

Ferroelectric sensor BaxSr1-xTiO3 integrated with android smartphone for controlling and monitoring smart street lighting

In this report, we demonstrated an application of a thin film Barium Strontium Titanate (BST) as a light sensor integrated with an Android smartphone as a model of smart street lighting. BST thin films were fabricated using chemical solution deposition methods followed by spin coating with a variety of mole fractions. We assumed that changes in the lattice parameters of its tetragonal crystal structure caused by variations in the mole fraction result in different ions displacement characteristics that induce charges polarization in the crystal structure. We have confirmed that the BST thin film with mole fraction x = 0.500 was the best thin film for the light sensor in this prototype. Furthermore, it has been found that the smart street lighting gives ∼69.23 % power saving and lower power usage than a conventional street lighting. Additionally, this developed system has successfully reported the lamp status that is to be maintained to an Android phone of the maintainer by using a short message system. This self-reporting makes it easy for maintainer to identify broken lamps and to do repairs. Moreover, implementation of such features to the street lighting can reduce the operating cost