Directional Control of Wheel Syncronization in Vehicle Steer by Wire System

In conventional steering system a drive directly control the movement of the front wheel by control the steering wheel through a mechanical column shaft. However, in steer by wire (SBW) system, the front wheel is control by electronic function due to elimination of the mechanical column shaft and are replaced with several sensors and actutator. This paper propose a control algorithm to syncronize the front wheel angle accordance to steering wheel input angle. The models of SBW system are indentified. Two control method are compare which is a PID and LQR controller is used to control the front axle motor of front axle system. The effect with and without disturbace input are applied to analyze the robustess of the controllers. To investigate the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm, the matlab tools software is used. And, based on the result shows, both controller able to control the front wheel angle, however method using the LQR control provide more better steering respons

Passiflora incarnata attenuation of neuropathic allodynia and vulvodynia apropos GABA-ergic and opioidergic antinociceptive and behavioural mechanisms

Background: Passiflora incarnata is widely used as an anxiolytic and sedative due to its putative GABAergic properties. Passiflora incarnata L. methanolic extract (PI-ME) was evaluated in an animal model of streptozotocininduced diabetic neuropathic allodynia and vulvodynia in rats along with antinociceptive, anxiolytic and sedative activities in mice in order to examine possible underlying mechanisms. Methods: PI-ME was tested preliminary for qualitative phytochemical analysis and then quantitatively by proximate and GC-MS analysis. The antinociceptive property was evaluated using the abdominal constriction assay and hot plate test. The anxiolytic activity was performed in a stair case model and sedative activity in an open field test. The antagonistic activities were evaluated using naloxone and/or pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). PI-ME was evaluated for prospective anti-allodynic and anti-vulvodynic properties in a rat model of streptozotocin induced neuropathic pain using the static and dynamic testing paradigms of mechanical allodynia and vulvodynia. Results: GC-MS analysis revealed that PI-ME contained predominant quantities of oleamide (9-octadecenamide), palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) and 3-hydroxy-dodecanoic acid, among other active constituents. In the abdominal constriction assay and hot plate test, PI-ME produced dose dependant, naloxone and pentylenetetrazole reversible antinociception suggesting an involvement of opioidergic and GABAergic mechanisms. In the stair case test, PI-ME at 200 mg/kg increased the number of steps climbed while at 600 mg/kg a significant decrease was observed. The rearing incidence was diminished by PI-ME at all tested doses and in the open field test, PI-ME decreased locomotor activity to an extent that was analagous to diazepam. The effects of PI-ME were antagonized by PTZ in both the staircase and open field tests implicating GABAergic mechanisms in its anxiolytic and sedative activities. In the streptozotocin-induced neuropathic nociceptive model, PI-ME (200 and 300 mg/kg) exhibited static and dynamic anti-allodynic effects exemplified by an increase in paw withdrawal threshold and paw withdrawal latency. PI-ME relieved only the dynamic component of vulvodynia by increasing flinching response latency. Conclusions: These findings suggest that Passiflora incarnata might be useful for treating neuropathic pain. The antinociceptive and behavioural findings inferring that its activity may stem from underlying opioidergic and GABAergic mechanisms though a potential oleamide-sourced cannabimimetic involvement is also discussed

Modeling and simulation of vehicle steer by wire system

The steer by wire system offer many benefits compare with conventional steering system. By eliminating the mechanical linkage of column shaft between the steering wheel and the front wheel system, it gives more space efficiency, fuel efficiency in term of functionality and at the same time present challenges to the designer. Many researchers have done their control strategy on steer by wire system in past recent years. This paper presents the control strategy for the wheel synchronization and the variable steering ratio. Mathematical modeling was created for steering wheel and front wheel model. The steering wheel and the front wheel system is control using PID controller and introduce a new feedforward variable steering ratio based on under propensity equation method. A simulation was made and compared in order to analysis the system performance

Hercules: Deep Hierarchical Attentive Multilevel Fusion Model With Uncertainty Quantification for Medical Image Classification

The automatic and accurate analysis of medical images (e.g., segmentation,detection, classification) are prerequisites for modern disease diagnosis and prognosis. Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems empower accurate and effective detection of various diseases and timely treatment decisions. The past decade witnessed a spur in deep learning (DL)-based CADs showing outstanding performance across many health care applications. Medical imaging is hindered by multiple sources of uncertainty ranging fromnteasurement (aleatoric) errors, physiological variability, and limited medical knowledge (epistemic errors). However, uncertainty quantification (UQ) in most existing DL methods is insufficiently investigated, particularly in medical image analysis. Therefore, to address this gap, in this article, we propose a simple yet novel hierarchical attentive multilevel feature fusion model with an uncertainty-aware module for medical image classification coined Hercules. This approach is tested on several real medical image classification challenges. The proposed Hercules model consists of two main feature fusion blocks, where the former concentrates on attention-based fusion with uncertainty quantification module and the latter uses the raw features. Hercules was evaluated across three medical imaging datasets, i.e., retinal OCT, lung CT, and chest X-ray. Hercules produced the best classification accuracy in retinal OCT (94.21%), lung CT (99.59%), and chest X-ray (96.50%) datasets, respectively, against other state-of-the-art medical image classification methods

Priorities of patients with multimorbidity and of clinicians regarding treatment and health outcomes: a systematic mixed studies review

Objectives To identify studies that have investigated the health outcome and treatment priorities of patients with multimorbidity, clinicians or both, in order to assess whether the priorities of the two groups are in alignment, or whether a disparity exists between the priorities of patients with multimorbidity and clinicians.Design Systematic review.Data sources MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINHAL and Cochrane databases from inception to May 2019 using a predefined search strategy, as well as reference lists containing any relevant articles, as per Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and Cochrane guidelines.Eligibility criteria We included studies reporting health outcome and treatment priorities of adult patients with multimorbidity, defined as suffering from two or more chronic conditions, or of clinicians in the context of multimorbidity or both. There was no restriction by study design, and studies using quantitative and/or qualitative methodologies were included.Data synthesis We used a narrative synthesis approach to synthesise the quantitative findings, and a meta-ethnography approach to synthesise the qualitative findings.Results Our search identified 24 studies for inclusion, which comprised 12 quantitative studies, 10 qualitative studies and 2 mixed-methods studies. Twelve studies reported the priorities of both patients and clinicians, 10 studies reported the priorities of patients and 2 studies reported the priorities of clinicians alone. Our findings have shown a mostly low level of agreement between the priorities of patients with multimorbidity and clinicians. We found that prioritisation by patients was mainly driven by their illness experiences, while clinicians focused on longer-term risks. Preserving functional ability emerged as a key priority for patients from across our quantitative and qualitative analyses.Conclusion Recognising that there may be a disparity in prioritisation and understanding the reasons for why this might occur, can facilitate clinicians in accurately eliciting the priorities that are most important to their patients and delivering patient-centred care.PROSPERO registration number CRD42018076076.</div