The Effectiveness of the Letters of Guarantee Platform within Banking Legislation and its Reflection in Reducing the Risks of Letters of Guarantee Through/Applied Research

Purpose: Of the research is to show the importance of the letter of guarantee platform as an electronic supervisory control for managing the process of issue isng letters of guarantee and limiting fraud and forgery operations, and to determine the impact between the independent variable of the letter of guarantee platform in light of banking legislation with its dimensions of (traditional issuance procedures before the platform and issuance procedures after the platform, and the position beneficiariesies), and the dependent variable reducing the risks of letters of guarantwith in idimensionons of (centralization of the decision), identifying the reasons for resorting to the use of the letter Andand the research problem has been identifi is the adequacy of the electronic platform in reducithe riskssks of letters of guarantee?    Theoretical framework: In solving its problems, the research was based on a hypothesis: correlation and influence, where the first main impact hypothesis was: "There is no statistically significant effect of the issuance of traditional letters of guarantee (X) in reducing the risks of letters of guarantee (Y)", and the second hypothesis was: "There is no effect of statistically significant significance of the issuance of letters of guarantee after the electronic platform (Z) in reducing the risks of letters of guarantee (Y)", and the research adopted the method of the inductive approach: in the theoretical side to review the research problems and prove its hypotheses to achieve the objectives of the research.   Design: The relationship supported by the quantitative aspect of analyzing the annual financial statements of private commercial banks, the research sample before and after the platform (2017-2021), which represented the first community of the research sample and numbered six commercial banks, field visits and personal interviews with the Central Bank of Iraq As the entity responsible only for managing the platform, as well as the statistical tests of the second community of the research sample to measure the attitude of the beneficiaries towards the letters of guarantee platform, the questionnaire was adopted as a research tool for the purpose of With the data from the sample of 50 individuals, i.e., 87% of the total study population, in the administrative levels (senior management, middle management, and executive) in a number of beneficiaries, the questionnaire was used as a means to obtain data from the sample of  50 people"by the beneficiaries represented by the ministries and their departments, and the paragraphs of the questionnaire were analyzed based on the statistical programs:SPSS,version 26; (Exce;) and(Amo)  Security in the Iraqi banking environment and a steptowardr applying electronic governance.    Results: The research reached a set of results, the most prominent of which were: The weakness of the centralization of the decision and the procedures followed for the issuance process for letters of guarantee before the platform contributed to the expansion of risks for letters of guarantee, and in addition, the "Letters of Guarantee platform" contributed more broadly  In ensuring the rights of the beneficiaries due to electronic supervisory oversigh, and recommendation, it is necessary: to develop the platform’s work and work to create an additional field in the platform and develop it in broader areas by making the customer’s account linked to the platform to support customer operation.    Originality/Value: The value of the study was finance, as well as "documents related to in-kind guarantees,especially real estate that is mortgaged,y" are provided with the validity of electronic issuance with the availability of advanced means to detect them if theyd areforged to encourage the use of technology more widely in state departments andf electroniccontrol and to achieved electronic governance, and accordingly the research structure consisted of four chapterss: the first axis is the research methodolog;, the second axis is the theoretical aspec;, the third axis is the practical aspect of the researc;, and the fourth axis is the conclusions and recommendations

Coronary artery bypass grafting in a patient with polycythaemia rubra vera - a rare indication with a spectrum of complication: a case report

Coronary artery bypass surgery for coronary artery thrombosis in patients with polycythaemia rubra vera has been rarely described. The main issue with such patients is their risk of both bleeding and thrombosis and as such the ideal postoperative management of such cases is unknown. Hereby, we describe a case of a 62-year-old man with polycythaemia rubra vera who underwent coronary artery bypass surgery. Although his initial postoperative course was complicated, his long-term outcome was good

Novel Marine Compounds: Anticancer or Genotoxic?

In the past several decades, marine organisms have generously gifted to the pharmaceutical industries numerous naturally bioactive compounds with antiviral, antibacterial, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer potentials. But till date only few anticancer drugs (cytarabine, vidarabine) have been commercially developed from marine compounds while several others are currently in different clinical trials. Majority of these compounds were tested in the tumor xenograft models, however, lack of anticancer potential data in the chemical- and/or oncogene-induced pre-initiation animal carcinogenesis models might have cost some of the marine anticancer compounds an early exit from the clinical trials. This review critically discusses importance of preclinical evaluation, failure of human clinical trials with certain potential anticancer agents, the screening tests used, and choice of biomarkers

SERUM VITAMIN-D ANALYSIS: A CROSS SECTIONAL SURVEY AT LUMHS

Vitamin D is very important in children for teeth and bones development, its deficiency results in rickets while in adults it may present as osteomalacia, osteoporosis and arthritis causing joint pain. Supplementations (Oral or injectable) are required if serum levels fall below normal (30-50 ng/ml). Observational study conducted at LUMHS Jamshoro from November 2016 to November 2017. We evaluated 800 patients following selection through Probability sampling under inclusion and exclusion criteria analyzing the obtained data on SPSS version 22 using Student’s t-test. There were 429(53.63%) male and 313(46.37%) females Vitamin –D. Mean of the serum vitamin –D levels was15.61+9.64 ng/ml in men while it was 17.02+12.57ng/ml in women. 69.5% of the study population was found deficiency <20ng/ml while 15.5% were having insufficient levels<30ng/ml and only 15% showed normal levels 30-50ng/ml. There was a significant difference between the two genders with p value 0.082 Conclusion: Vitamin –D was found deficient in the study subjects with non-significant gender difference statistically. Key words: Vitamin-D, Osteoporosis, Arthritis, Ricket

FIVE SEPARATION AXIOMS IN QUAD SOFT NON-LINEAR STRUCTURE

In 1999, Russian mathematician Molodtsov planted the novel notion of a soft set which can be supposed as a new mathematical approach for imprecision. Topological structures of soft set have been studied by some mathematicians in current years. M. Shabir and M. Naz presented soft topological spaces and studied some key properties of them. Soft Quad topological spaces are nothing but just Extension of soft topological spaces. When with soft single topology three more soft topologies are hugged together through mathematical discipline then the notion of soft Quad topology will automatically come in play. The central objective of this article is to publicize soft separations axioms in soft quad topological spaces. Moreover to discuss the linkage among them through two paths

CHARACTERIZATION OF SOFT B SEPARATION AXIOMS IN SOFT BI-TOPOLOGICAL SPACES

The main aim of this article is to introduce Soft b separation axioms in soft bi topological spaces. We discuss soft b separation axioms in soft bi topological spaces with respect to ordinary point and soft points. Further study the behavior of soft regular b T3 and soft normal b T4 spaces at different angles with respect to ordinary points as well as with respect to soft points. Hereditary properties are also discussed

SOME CONTRIBUTION OF SOFT PRE-OPEN SETS TO SOFT W-HAUSDORFF SPACE IN SOFT TOPOLOGICAL SPACES

In this article the notion of soft W-Hausdorf or soft W-?2 structure in soft topological spaces is proclaimed with respect to soft pre-open sets while using the ordinary points of Soft Topology. That’s is why it is named as soft P-W-Hausdorf or soft P-W-?2 structure. Some sub-spaces of soft P-W-?2 structure is also reflected. Product of these spaces

Thermomechanical modeling of material flow and weld quality in the friction stir welding of high-density polyethylene

A thermomechanical model of the friction stir welding (FSW) of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) was developed by incorporating a Coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian (CEL) approach. A Johnson Cook (JC) material model of HDPE was developed through experimentally generated strain-rate- and temperature-dependent stress strain data. Two sets of FSW process parameters with minimum and maximum weld defects were numerically modeled. The numerically calculated temperature distribution, material flow and flash and potential defects were validated and discussed with the experimental results. Tracer particles allowed to visualize the material movement during and after the tool had traversed from the specified region of the workpiece. Both numerical models presented similar maximum temperatures on the upper surface of the workpiece, while the model with high traverse speed and slow rotational speed had narrower shoulder- and heat-affected zones than the slow traverse, high rotational speed model. This contributed to the lack of material flow, hence the development of voids and worm holes in the high traverse speed model. Flash and weld defects were observed in models for both sets of process parameters. However, slow traverse, high rotational speeds exhibited smaller and lesser weld defects than high traverse, slow rotational speeds. The numerical results based on the CEL approach and JC material model were found to be in good agreement with the experimental results