19 research outputs found

    Pedestrian's behavior with mild Alzheimer Disease or Mild Cognitive Impairment and how could it be predicted by neuropsychological measures

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    ΣΚΟΠΟΣ: Να εξεταστεί αν η Νευροψυχολογική αξιολόγηση μπορεί να θεωρηθεί προβλεπτικός παράγοντας της οδικής συμπεριφοράς σε ασθενείς με ήπια AD (Alzheimer Disease) ή MCI (Mild Cognitive Impairment) καθώς και να διερευνηθεί η οδική συμπεριφορά (ταχύτητα, ικανότητα προσανατολισμού και διάσχισης των διαβάσεων) φυσιολογικών ηλικιωμένων ατόμων και ασθενών με διαγνωσμένη Νόσο Alzheimer ή MCI. ΥΛΙΚΟ-ΜΕΘΟΔΟΣ: Η μελέτη πραγματοποιήθηκε σε πραγματικές - οικολογικές συνθήκες με μια διαδρομή ειδικά σχεδιασμένη από το Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο έξω από το Πανεπιστημιακό Γενικό Νοσοκομείο Αττικόν. Συμμετείχαν 15 ασθενείς με νόσο Alzheimer, 15 ασθενείς με MCI και 15 φυσιολογικοί ηλικιωμένοι. Στα εργαλεία συμπεριλαμβάνονται μια λεπτομερής Νευροψυχολογική αξιολόγηση καθώς και παρατήρηση της οδικής συμπεριφοράς με καθορισμό ειδικών παραμέτρων. ΑΠΟΤΕΛΕΣΜΑΤΑ: Σύμφωνα με την ανάλυση One- Way ANOVA οι τρεις ομάδες διαφέρουν ως προς τον προσανατολισμό και την ταχύτητα αλλά όχι προς την συμπεριφορά διάσχισης διαβάσεων. Ασθενείς με AD φάνηκαν να είναι περισσότερο αποπροσανατολισμένοι και πιο αργοί από τους MCI και τους φυσιολογικούς ηλικιωμένους. Τέλος, δοκιμασίες προσοχής, οπτικοχωρικών και εκτελεστικών λειτουργιών φαίνεται να συσχετίζονται περισσότερο με την ικανότητα διάσχισης διαβάσεων και την ταχύτητα βάδισης παρά με τον προσανατολισμό. ΣΥΜΠΕΡΑΣΜΑΤΑ: Νευροψυχολογικές δοκιμασίες για την προσοχή, τις οπτικοχωρικές και εκτελεστικές ικανότητες φαίνεται να παίζουν σημαντικό ρόλο στην πρόβλεψη της συμπεριφοράς ως πεζών σε ασθενείς με AD ή MCI και κυρίως για την διάσχιση τους στις διαβάσεις και την ταχύτητα βάδισης τους.Objective: The aim of the current study was to investigate if the neuropsychological tests examining attentional, executive and visuospatial abilities could be a predictive factor of the pedestrian behavior of patients with mild Alzheimer Disease or Mild Cognitive Impairment as well as to explore how these patients behave as pedestrians (velocity, orientation, crossing in junctions) in contrast to cognitive intact elderly. Method: Fifteen participants with mild AD, 15 patients with MCI and 15 healthy elderly pedestrian were asked to take a short walking trip outside of the University General Hospital ‘’Attikon’’ in Greece, allowing recording their behavior in real – life traffic conditions. They also underwent a neuropsychological evaluation. Results: According to the applied One – Way ANOVA analysis the three groups differ significantly in the variables of orientation and velocity, but they did not differ in crossing behavior. AD patients presented to be more disorientated and slower in contrast with MCI patients and healthy elderly. Finally, attentional, executive and visuospatial functions were more strongly associated with crossing decisions in junctions and walking speed than with the orientation ability. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that neuropsychological tests measuring attention, executive and visuospatial abilities seem to play a more important role in prediction of pedestrian behavior of AD and MCI patients, especially in crossing and walking speed

    «H επίδραση της διαφοροποίησης του υποστρώματος στη σύνθεση της θαλάσσιας επιφυτικής κοινότητας των διατόμων (Bacillariophyceae)»

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    Πολλές δημοσιευμένες εργασίες έως τώρα υποθέτουν ότι τα φυτά-ξενιστές, ως βιολογικά υποστρώματα, έχουν άμεση συσχέτιση με το επιφυτικό φυτοπλαγκτόν. Ωστόσο, μερικές μελέτες υποστηρίζουν την υπόθεση ότι η του δομή της επιφυτικής κοινότητας διαμορφώνεται ανεξαρτήτως υποστρώματος (neutral substrate hypothesis). Στη σημερινή εποχή η πιθανή συσχέτιση του φυτού-ξενιστή και του επιφύτου δεν έχει ακόμα διαλευκανθεί. Στην παρούσα μεταπτυχιακή διπλωματική εργασία συνελέγησαν επιφυτικά είδη από διαφορετικά είδη φυτοβένθους και διερευνήθηκε το βασικό ερώτημα, κατά πόσο και αν η αρχιτεκτονική των διαφορετικών ομάδων φυτοβένθους επηρεάζει τη σύσταση της επιφυτικής τους διατομοχλωρίδας. Μια τέτοια προσέγγιση θα επιδείκνυε τη σχετική επίδραση του φυτού-ξενιστή στο επίφυτο και κατά πόσον η επίδραση αυτή είναι σημαντική ή ασήμαντη. Η χρονική διάρκεια της μελέτης των διατόμων στην εν λόγω διπλωματική ήταν μικρότερη του ενός έτους και πραγματοποιήθηκε σε ένα υδάτινo οικοσύστημα. Αν και τα αποτελέσματα της εργασίας αυτής υποδεικνύουν ότι υπήρξαν κάποιες σημαντικές συσχετίσεις μεταξύ των επιφυτικών ειδών και των φυκών-ξενιστών, η εξειδίκευση ως προς το υπόστρωμα φαίνεται μη τεκμηριωμένη. Στην περίπτωση αυτής της διατριβής, δεν υπήρξε εξειδίκευση μεταξύ του επιφύτου και του υποστρώματος. Σε γενικές γραμμές, προσδιορίστηκαν 73 διαφορετικά είδη διατόμων και διαπιστώθηκε χαμηλού βαθμού εξειδίκευση ως προς το υπόστρωμα. Ως εκ τούτου, το αποτέλεσμα της ανάλυσης ως προς την εξειδίκευση έναντι του υποστρώματος, ενισχύει τη διαπίστωση ότι η επίδραση του φυτού-ξενιστή στο σχετιζόμενο επίφυτο είναι σχεδόν αμελητέα. Η διατριβή αυτή, εστιάζοντας στη δομή της επιφυτικής κοινότητας, υποστηρίζει τη neutral substrate hypotheis,δηλ. την υπόθεση ότι η δομή της επιφυτικής κοινότητας διαμορφώνεται ανεξαρτήτως υποστρώματος. Πιθανώς, δεν είναι η αρχιτεκτονική του φυτού που καθορίζει τη δομή της κοινότητας του επιφύτου, αλλά πιο έμμεσες επιρροές που σχετίζονται με το φυτό-ξενιστή. Εξήχθη ως συμπέρασμα ότι η εποχικότητα είναι ο καθοριστικός παράγοντας της σύστασης της επιφυτικής διατομοχλωρίδας στα διαφορετικά γένη μακροφυκών. Ωστόσο, δεν είναι σαφές πώς άλλοι παράγοντες (περιοχή, φυτό-ξενιστής και περιβαλλοντικές παραμέτροι) θα επηρέαζαν άλλα χαρακτηριστικά του επιφύτου. Έτσι, οι μελλοντικές εργασίες θα πρέπει να εστιάσουν σε παρόμοια έρευνα, αλλά με πιο εκτεταμένη εμβέλεια.Many published works so far suggest that host plants, as biological substrates, are directly related to surface epiphyton. However, some studies support the neutral substrate hypothesis. Nowadays, the possible association of the host plant and the epiphyton has not yet been clarified. In this diploma thesis, epiphyton species were collected from different macroalgal taxa and the basic question was tested, regardless of whether the architecture of the various taxa affects the composition of their surface epiphyton. Such an approach could indicate the relative effect of the plant organization on the epiphyton and whether this effect is significant or insignificant. The duration of the study of the diatoms investigated was less than one year and was carried out in one location marine ecosystem. Although the results of this work show that there were some important correlations between epiphytic species and host phytobenthic plants, the substrate specialization appears rather unlikely to be true. In this case, there was no specialization between the epiphyton and the substrate. In general, there were 73 different taxa of diatoms and low substrate specificity was found. As a result, the outcome of the analysis on the substrate specificity reinforces the finding that the effect of the host plant on the epiphyton concerned is almost negligible. The present thesis is focused on the structure of the epiphytic community and supports the ‘neutral substrate hypothesis’. Probably, it is not the architecture of the host plant that defines the structure of the epiphyton community, but more indirect influences related to the host plant. It has been concluded that seasonality is the determinant of the composition of surface diatom community in different genus species. However, it is not clear how other factors (areas, host plant and environmental parameters) will affect other epiphyton characteristics. Thus, future work should carry out similar research, but under an extensive perspective

    Indices of psychopathology and personality traits in women suffering from breast cancer

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    Objective: Numerous studies have documented that a significant proportion of breast cancerpatients experiences psychiatric morbidity. The objective of the present study was to assessthe psychopathological profile of Greek women with breast cancer, to identify factorsassociated in particular with depression, anxiety, general psychopathology and PTSD,examine the impact of distinct personality factors and life events and their implication withbreast cancer, as well as patterns of body image perceptions, sexual behaviors, interpersonalrelationships and quality of life on the affected women.This was achieved for the psychopathology symptoms, personality traits and life events, viathe comparison of women suffering from breast cancer, with a control group of healthywomen, who were followed up over the course of one year, while the sexual behavior,interpersonal relationships, body image and quality of life was measured only in the breastcancer patients group.Material and Methods: Participants (n=180 women) were recruited from a SpecializedOncology Breast Cancer Department of a General Hospital and Breast Outpatients Clinic ofanother specialized in the Diseases of the Breast Hospital (109 with breast cancer and 71controls). Breast cancer patients were studied at different stages of the disease. The presentstudy was designed to be a cross-sectional one. The control group consisted of healthy womenattending routine follow up appointments. General psychopathology was assessed via theSCL-90-R.The Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and the SpielbergerState-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were used for the evaluation of depression and anxiety,while PTSD was evaluated using the IES Scale.Personality traits were evaluated in both groups with the use of the following Psychometrictools:Introversion-Extraversion-Neurotisism-Psychoticism : Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ), Alexithymia : Schalling-Sifneos Βeth Israel Hospital Personality Questionnaire :(BIHPQ), Personality Type-C as a personality trait : (Personality Type-C Scale,) Ηοstility andDirection of Hostility Questionnaire: (HDHQ), Locus of Control of Behavior (L.C.B.SCALE), Obsessional thinking: LEYTON Obsessional Inventory (L.O.I), ObsessiveCompulsive symptoms: ΜΑUDSLEY Obsessive Compulsive Inventory (M.O.C.I), Physicaland Social Anhedonia : PAS and SAS (CHAPMAN et al), Ιrrational Beliefs ( ELLISΙrrational Beliefs Survey/ Scale (I.B.S), Hypochondriasis: WHITELEY Index (W.I),Depersonalization-Derealization (D/D Scale).Body Image, Sexuality and Interpersonal relationships were measured in the breast cancergroup, with questionnaires created at the Department of Psychiatry of Eginition UniversityHospital, for the specific needs of the present study. The impact of Life Events was measuredusing the HOLME –RAHE Social Readjustment Scale ( SAS) and finally the quality of life inthe breast cancer group was measured with the Quality of life Questionnaire for Cancerpatients (QLQ-C 30).Demographics and clinical characteristics of the participants were also recorded. Data weremodeled using multiple linear regression analysis. Results: Mean age was 54.7 ± 18.1 years for the control group and 51.2 ± 9.5 years for thepatients’ group (p=0.288).1) Psychopathology-Personality traits: Mean scores on SCL-90-R, MADRS and STAI weresignificantly higher in the cancer group, compared to controls (p0,05).11) There was no significant difference between the two subgroups regarding the presence ofmetastasis (metastasis/non metastasis), within the breast cancer group, in any of the GeneralPsychopathology (SCL-90), Hostility (HDHQ), State-Trait (STAI), PTSD (IES) dimensionsand Depression (MARDS total score), Extraversion-Neuroticism-Psychoticism (EPQ totalscore), Irrational beliefs (ELLIS (total score), Type-C (total score), Alexithymia (Sifneos totalscore), Depersonalization-Derealization (D/D total score) (p>0,05). 12) Higher scores in General Psychopathology total score and the dimensions ofSomatization, Obsessionality, Paranoid ideation, Trait-Anxiety, Criticism of others, Irrationalbeliefs, extroverted Hostility and Extraversion-Neuroticism-Psychoticism, were observed inthe breast cancer group with problematic/difficult relationships with the husband.2. Psychometric scales -Quality of life: 1) The correlations of the psychometric scales withthe quality of life in the breast cancer group, showed that in those scales where anxiety anddepression, present as the central measurement factors, the higher the total score is, the higheris the impact on the affected women of supplementary subjective symptoms, increasing thepsychological and somatic morbidity. Women in this group with low total Locus of Control ofBehavior seem to have a greater internal locus of control and thus bigger ability to cope andadjust to difficulties, resulting in overall better quality of life.2) High Trait-Anxiety leads to a disproportionate extreme increase of State-Anxiety for thegiven situation and the combination of both, can affect further the state of health, theemotional, cognitive and social functioning and the subjective somatic symptoms of nausea,vomiting and anorexia, downgrading the quality of life.3) The increase of the PTSD total score and PTSD intrusive thoughts decreases the state ofhealth, emotional, somatic and social functioning and overall quality of life and creates anincrease in somatic complains.4) Worse state of health, emotional, social functioning and overall quality of life seem to bepresent in those women of the breast cancer group that tend to attribute blame on themselves(guilt, self- criticism, introjections) as well as the ones who present with increased paranoidprojectivehostility, due to the fact that it tends to increase insecurity, suspiciousness and thusanxiety and depression, creating a difficulty to trust and collaborate with the therapeutic team.5) Social functioning as one of the components of quality of life, is also negatively impactedby the tendency of those members of the breast cancer group, to attribute blame onto others(criticism of others, extroversion of hostility), increasing their interpersonal/social difficulties.6) Those women in the breast cancer group with high Depersonalization/Derealization scores,relevant to dissociative phenomena related to history of psychological trauma, (in our case thedisease, its course and the treatment), serve as similar traumas increasing their anxiety,somatic complains and worsening those aspects of the quality of life represented by theirinterpersonal difficulties, social role, emotional and cognitive functioning.7) Higher scores in the breast cancer group in the dimensions of 12) Higher scores in General Psychopathology total score and the dimensions ofSomatization, Obsessionality, Paranoid ideation, Trait-Anxiety, Criticism of others, Irrationalbeliefs, extroverted Hostility and Extraversion-Neuroticism-Psychoticism, were observed inthe breast cancer group with problematic/difficult relationships with the husband.2. Psychometric scales -Quality of life: 1) The correlations of the psychometric scales withthe quality of life in the breast cancer group, showed that in those scales where anxiety anddepression, present as the central measurement factors, the higher the total score is, the higheris the impact on the affected women of supplementary subjective symptoms, increasing thepsychological and somatic morbidity. Women in this group with low total Locus of Control ofBehavior seem to have a greater internal locus of control and thus bigger ability to cope andadjust to difficulties, resulting in overall better quality of life.2) High Trait-Anxiety leads to a disproportionate extreme increase of State-Anxiety for thegiven situation and the combination of both, can affect further the state of health, theemotional, cognitive and social functioning and the subjective somatic symptoms of nausea,vomiting and anorexia, downgrading the quality of life.3) The increase of the PTSD total score and PTSD intrusive thoughts decreases the state ofhealth, emotional, somatic and social functioning and overall quality of life and creates anincrease in somatic complains.4) Worse state of health, emotional, social functioning and overall quality of life seem to bepresent in those women of the breast cancer group that tend to attribute blame on themselves(guilt, self- criticism, introjections) as well as the ones who present with increased paranoidprojectivehostility, due to the fact that it tends to increase insecurity, suspiciousness and thusanxiety and depression, creating a difficulty to trust and collaborate with the therapeutic team.5) Social functioning as one of the components of quality of life, is also negatively impactedby the tendency of those members of the breast cancer group, to attribute blame onto others(criticism of others, extroversion of hostility), increasing their interpersonal/social difficulties.6) Those women in the breast cancer group with high Depersonalization/Derealization scores,relevant to dissociative phenomena related to history of psychological trauma, (in our case thedisease, its course and the treatment), serve as similar traumas increasing their anxiety,somatic complains and worsening those aspects of the quality of life represented by theirinterpersonal difficulties, social role, emotional and cognitive functioning.7) Higher scores in the breast cancer group in the dimensions of 12) Higher scores in General Psychopathology total score and the dimensions ofSomatization, Obsessionality, Paranoid ideation, Trait-Anxiety, Criticism of others, Irrationalbeliefs, extroverted Hostility and Extraversion-Neuroticism-Psychoticism, were observed inthe breast cancer group with problematic/difficult relationships with the husband.2. Psychometric scales -Quality of life: 1) The correlations of the psychometric scales withthe quality of life in the breast cancer group, showed that in those scales where anxiety anddepression, present as the central measurement factors, the higher the total score is, the higheris the impact on the affected women of supplementary subjective symptoms, increasing thepsychological and somatic morbidity. Women in this group with low total Locus of Control ofBehavior seem to have a greater internal locus of control and thus bigger ability to cope andadjust to difficulties, resulting in overall better quality of life.2) High Trait-Anxiety leads to a disproportionate extreme increase of State-Anxiety for thegiven situation and the combination of both, can affect further the state of health, theemotional, cognitive and social functioning and the subjective somatic symptoms of nausea,vomiting and anorexia, downgrading the quality of life.3) The increase of the PTSD total score and PTSD intrusive thoughts decreases the state ofhealth, emotional, somatic and social functioning and overall quality of life and creates anincrease in somatic complains.4) Worse state of health, emotional, social functioning and overall quality of life seem to bepresent in those women of the breast cancer group that tend to attribute blame on themselves(guilt, self- criticism, introjections) as well as the ones who present with increased paranoidprojectivehostility, due to the fact that it tends to increase insecurity, suspiciousness and thusanxiety and depression, creating a difficulty to trust and collaborate with the therapeutic team.5) Social functioning as one of the components of quality of life, is also negatively impactedby the tendency of those members of the breast cancer group, to attribute blame onto others(criticism of others, extroversion of hostility), increasing their interpersonal/social difficulties.6) Those women in the breast cancer group with high Depersonalization/Derealization scores,relevant to dissociative phenomena related to history of psychological trauma, (in our case thedisease, its course and the treatment), serve as similar traumas increasing their anxiety,somatic complains and worsening those aspects of the quality of life represented by theirinterpersonal difficulties, social role, emotional and cognitive functioning.7) Higher scores in the breast cancer group in the dimensions of psychological rigidity,irritability, health ruminations, punctuality, order and obsessional thinking, increase somaticcomplains, worsening thus the quality of life.3. Psychometric questionnaires–Body image, Sexuality, Interpersonal relationships:1) The majority of the breast cancer sample (67,6%), were happy with their overall bodyimage and felt comfortable enough with their body image (78,8%) to expose it naked to theirpartner, despite the changes due to surgery and treatment.2) A big proportion (48,6%), felt that their image, despite the changes, remained veryattractive, while half of the women of the sample (56,8%), felt that their sexual attractivenesshad not been affected to a significant degree.3) Half of the women in the breast cancer group (48,6%), considered satisfactory or verysatisfactory the frequency of sexual contacts with their partner and the majority did notpresent any changes from their usual behavior, during the year prior to the study, with regardsto their sexual desire, sexual arousal, sexual functioning and activity, sexual satisfaction andfear or anxiety around their sexual behavior. 4) A big majority of the participants (37,5%) stated that what really had a negative impact ontheir sexual functioning, was not breast cancer itself, but underline conflict in the relationshipwith their partner.5) The majority of women did not report symptoms of vaginal bleeding, or pain, vaginaldryness-infections, pain during the intercourse or difficulty in achieving orgasm.6) The majority of women had a long term (>10years), stable, harmonious relationship withtheir partner during the course of the year that preceded the study, accepted willingly, theirpartner’s sexual desire and stated (55,2%) that their sexual relationship occupied an importantrole in their lives.4. Psychometric questionnaires-Life Events: 1) Women suffering from breast cancerpresented a significantly higher score in the Anhedonia Scale.2) Subgroups comparisons regarding the type of surgery (mastectomy/tumor dissection) didnot show significant total scores differences, regarding the comparison of Life Events Scale tothe Anhedonia, Obsessionality and Depersonalization-Derealization Scales.3) A significant positive correlation was found between Life Events and the ObsessiveCompulsive Inventory and Anhedonia total scores, as well as the dimensions of the HostilityScale self-criticism, direction of hostility and the total score of the PTSD dimensions.4) A significant positive correlation was found between Obsessive Compulsive Inventory totalscore, the Hostility Scale in the dimensions of introversion, guilt, acting-out hostility and theLocus of Control of Behavior total score.5) Multivariate analysis with dependent variables in the Anhedonia Scale, Life Events ScaleObsessive Compulsive Inventory and Depersonalization-Derealization Scale and independentvariables of demographic and personal history data revealed that: only breast cancer wasindependently, positively associated and able to predict the scores in the Anhedonia Scalebetween the two groups, showing that breast cancer patients had higher scores compared tothe healthy controls.6) The increase of age correlated with higher scores in the Life Event Scale.Conclusions: The present cross-sectional study is the only cross-sectional study in theliterature, designed to concomitantly assess the impact of indices of psychopathology andlife events between a breast cancer group and a group of controls, in relation with aconstellation of personality traits linked with each other and with breast cancer via theunderlying network of chronic stress, anxiety and depression, and the impact of bothpsychopathology and personality traits on the quality of life of the breast cancer group. It isthe first controlled study ever, to assess General Psychopathology per se, in relation withbreast cancer. Furthermore it assessed body image perceptions, sexual behavior andinterpersonal relationships in the affected women. The results of this study testify that:1) Anxiety, depression, intrusive PTSD thoughts and overall psychopathology are morefrequent in breast cancer patients, than in a control population and that breast cancer makes alarger independent contribution to all psychopathology measures, than any of the otherinvestigated variables.2) Personality traits like Neuroticism, Psychotisicm, Trait Anxiety, Hostility, Type-C,Alexithymia, Ιrrational Beliefs, Obsessional thinking and Locus of Control of Behaviorshowed a statistically significant difference in all dimensions of the above scales in the breastcancer group, providing a measure of the association between depressive symptoms and theirintensity in a specific time point in the General psychopathology scale, in the affected women,underlying the subjective tendency of these women to introvert the emotions of hostility andguilt. The above highlights the relationship between depressiveness, trait anxiety and the introjections of negative emotions, suggesting a characteristic personality profile in the breastcancer group, a lot more extensive compared to the profile of personality Type-C,traditionally associated in the literature with cancer and especially breast cancer. The aboveput the emphasis on the relationship between depressiveness and anxiety as an underlinestable personality trait and the introjections of negative emotions, leading to a pronounceddifficulty of these women to control and counterbalance their emotional reactions, so that theyexperience in a subjective level, disproportionate psychological distress, resulting in aconstant state of chronic stress.3) No difference has been observed within the breast cancer subgroups concerning the type ofsurgery (mastectomy-tumor dissection) and the stage of the disease (metastasis-nonmetastasis) regarding Anxiety, Depression, PTSD, General Psychopathology and personalitytraits.4) In the breast cancer group, marital conflict increased General Psychopathology scores andpersonality traits scores of extroverted Hostility and Extraversion-Neuroticism-Psychoticism,suggesting that problematic interpersonal relationships can induce certain generalpsychopathology symptoms at a specific point in time and intensify underlying personalitytraits.5) Higher scores in Anxiety, Depression and PTSD in the breast cancer group, increase thepsychological and somatic morbidity, affecting negatively the quality of life. Worse state ofhealth, emotional, social functioning and overall quality of life seem to be present in thosewomen who tend to attribute blame onto themselves under the form of guilt, self-criticismintrojections and also present with increased paranoid-projective hostility.6) The above features

    Μελέτη των αερομεταφερόμενων μυκήτων στο Βυζαντινό και Χριστιανικό Μουσείο

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    Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία περιλαμβάνει τα αποτελέσματα της μελέτης των αερομεταφερόμενων μυκήτων, που πραγματοποιήθηκε στο Βυζαντινό και Χριστιανικό Μουσείο της Αθήνας, τη χρονική περίοδο από τον Δεκέμβριο 2014 έως τον Ιούλιο 2015. Οι δειγματοληψίες πραγματοποιήθηκαν με ογκομετρικό δειγματολήπτη Burkard για τρυβλία με θρεπτικό υπόστρωμα Malt Agar. Οι θέσεις δειγματοληψίας ανήκουν σε εκθεσιακούς χώρους, σε εργαστήρια συντήρησης και σε αποθήκες συντηρημένων και μη συντηρημένων έργων. Καταγράφηκαν 18 γένη μυκήτων στο εσωτερικό και 11 γένη στο εξωτερικό περιβάλλον, ενώ οι Βασιδιομύκητες, ζύμες, Sphaeropsidales και Non Sporulating Fungi καταγράφηκαν ως ομάδες. Επικρατέστερα ήταν τα γένη Cladosporium, Penicillium, Aspergillus και Alternaria σε διαφορετικό ποσοστό στο εσωτερικό και εξωτερικό περιβάλλον. Η διακύμανση της συγκέντρωσης του συνόλου των μυκήτων στους εσωτερικούς χώρους ήταν χαμηλότερη από τη διακύμανση στο εξωτερικό περιβάλλον. Παρατηρήθηκαν ποσοτικές και ποιοτικές διαφορές στην παρουσία των μυκήτων ανάλογα με το κτιριακό συγκρότημα, τη θέση και χρήση των χώρων.This thesis includes the results of the study of airborne fungi, held at the Byzantine and Christian Museum of Athens, the time period from December 2014 to July 2015. The samplings were performed with the use of volumetric Burkard sampler for plates with Malt Agar as nutrient substrate. The sampling sites are in showrooms, maintenance labs and warehouses of conserved and non-conserved artwork. There were identified 18 genera of fungi in the interior and 11 in the outside environment, while the Basidiomycetes, Yeasts, Sphaeropsidales and Non Sporulating Fungi were recorded as groups. Predominant genera were Cladosporium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Alternaria in different percentage inside and outside. The variation of the concentration of total fungi indoors were lower than the variation in the external environment. Observed quantitative and qualitative differences in the presence of fungi was found according to the building complex, the location and use of the premises

    Alexander the Great's relationship with alcohol

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    Aims This study sought to clarify if Alexander the Great indulged pathologically in alcohol and whether it contributed to his death. Design The texts of the historians Diodorus of Sicily, Plutarch, Arrian, Curtius Rufus, Athenaeus, Aelian and Justin were studied, with their information concerning wine consumption by Macedonians, and especially Alexander, and were evaluated. The surviving historical texts, all later than Alexander’s epoch, are based on a series of contemporary histories and especially on the ‘Royal journals’, an official diary written in the imperial court. and conclusions Alexander consumed large quantities of undiluted wine periodically, reaching pathological intoxication. However, the existing data do not provide convincing evidence that Alexander the Great manifested abuse of or dependence on alcohol according to DSM-IV or ICD-10 criteria and it seems unlikely that alcohol was involved in his untimely death

    Conclusion

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    Οι Κυκλάδες ως αρχέτυπο στην αρχιτεκτονική. Ποιητικές αποδόσεις

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    Περίληψη: Το Αιγαίο αποτέλεσε μια γεωγραφική και πολιτισμική ενότητα με ιδιαίτερη ακτινοβολία στο σύγχρονο κόσμο, χάρη σε ένα εντυπωσιακό συνδυασμό του παρελθόντος με το παρόν και της ιστορίας με τη φυσική ομορφιά. Ζωγράφοι, αρχιτέκτονες, φωτογράφοι, ποιητές, απέδωσαν το τοπίο του Αιγαίου, συμβάλλοντας στη διαμόρφωση μιας διαφορετικής αισθητικής, οι απαρχές της οποίας βρίσκονται στον κυκλαδικό πολιτισμό. Η έννοια «Αιγαίο» συνέβαλλε στον ορισμό της ελληνικότητας, τόσο μέσα από τα φυσικά χαρακτηριστικά του όσο και χάρη στα πολιτισμικά στοιχεία του. Ο ελληνικός τόπος, με το πνεύμα του, ερμηνεύεται για την μεγαλοσύνη του, την ποιότητά του, την απλότητά του από τη γενιά του ‘30. Ο παρθένος αυτός τόπος με τα ελάχιστα αποδίδεται ως αρχέτυπο στα πλαίσια της αναζήτησης της ελληνικότητας και λειτουργεί ως εθνοτοπίο τόσο στην ποίηση, τη ζωγραφική όσο και στην αρχιτεκτονική. Στη συγκεκριμένη ερευνητική εργασία θα προσεγγίσουμε την έννοια της αρχαϊκότητας στην παραδοσιακή αρχιτεκτονική των Κυκλάδων μέσα από τον συσχετισμό και από το κληροδότημα που αυτή έδωσε στην καλλιτεχνική έκφραση της γενιάς του 1930 στη ποίηση και τη ζωγραφική. «Τα νησιά με το μίνιο και με το φούμο τα νησιά με το σπόνδυλο καποιανού Δία τα νησιά με τους έρημους ταρσανάδες τα νησιά με τα πόσιμα γαλάζια ηφαίστεια» Οδυσσέας Ελύτης Η δύναμη με την οποία το Αιγαίο προβάλλεται στη γενιά των νέων λογοτεχνών του ΄30 ,οι οποίοι φαίνεται να συνδέσανε το ύφος της τέχνης τους με την ατμόσφαιρα του Αρχιπελάγους, είναι ιδιαίτερα έντονη στο έργο ενός από τους σημαντικότερους εκφραστές της, του Οδυσσέα Ελύτη, του οποίου κείμενα και ποιήματα θα χρησιμοποιήσουμε για τον κριτικό υπομνηματισμό προκειμένου να εμπλουτίσουμε την αρχιτεκτονική ματιά στο Αιγαίο. Μέσα από την παρούσα εργασία, θα προσπαθήσουμε να αναγνωρίσουμε με ποιο τρόπο συνέβαλε ο μοντερνισμός στην αναγνώριση της διαχρονικότητας της κυκλαδικής αρχιτεκτονικής, ποιες αξίες της λαϊκής αρχιτεκτονικής των Κυκλάδων λειτουργούν αρχετυπικά στην μοντέρνα αρχιτεκτονική καθώς και ποια στοιχεία του τοπίου του Αιγαίου αναγνώρισαν οι ποιητές και οι ζωγράφοι της γενιάς του ’30 και πως αυτά συνδέονται με την «αιώνια» κυκλαδική αρχιτεκτονική.Presented on

    Mood disorder with mixed features due to vitamin B-12 and folate deficiency

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    Vitamin B-12 and folate deficiency is often associated with affective disorders mainly of the depressive type. We report a case of a 42-year-old woman with a mood disorder with mixed depressed/manic features that was due to vitamin B-12 and folate deficiency. The psychopathology developed over a five-year period without hematologic or other overt clinical characteristics of pernicious anemia. Replacement treatment with vitamin B-12 and folate was rapidly followed by full clinical remission, electroencephalographic normalization and neuropsychological improvement. At a one-year follow-up this condition was stable. Consequently, patients who respond poorly to psychopharmacologic treatment and/or present with atypical mood symptoms would warrant determination of vitamin B-12 and folate serum levels. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved

    Post-COVID-19 and Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Literature Review

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    The emergence of post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS), a complex and multifactorial condition that follows the acute COVID-19 infection, has raised serious concerns within the global medical community. Concurrently, Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), a widespread chronic gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction, is considered to be one of the most common disorders of gut–brain interaction (DGBI) that significantly affects the quality of life and social functioning of patients. PCS presents a wide range of symptoms and GI manifestations, including IBS. This review aims to analyze the GI involvement and the prolonged symptoms of COVID-19 infection as part of PCS, in order to explore the potential development of post-infection IBS (PI-IBS) in COVID-19 patients. Irritating factors such as enteric infection, psychosocial conditions, food antigens, and antibiotics may lead to abnormalities in the physiological function of the GI system and could be involved in the development of PI-IBS. Through the presentation of the pathophysiological mechanisms and epidemiological studies that assessed the prevalence of IBS as part of PCS, we attempted to provide a better understanding of the long-term consequences of COVID-19 and the pathogenesis of PI-IBS. Even though PI-IBS is becoming a global challenge, there are only a few studies about it and therefore limited knowledge. Currently, the majority of the existing treatment options are referred to non-COVID-19-associated DGBIs. Forthcoming studies may shed light on the mechanisms of PI-IBS that could be targeted for treatment development
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