Clear-water scour at comparatively large cylindrical piers

New long-duration clear-water scour data were collected at single cylindrical piers with the objective of investigating the effect of sediment coarseness, Dp=D50 (Dp = pier diameter; D50 = median grain size) on the equilibrium scour depth and improving the scour depth time evolution modeling by making use of the exponential function suggested in the literature. Experiments were carried out for the flow intensity close to the threshold condition of initiation of sediment motion, imposing wide changes of sediment coarseness and flow shallowness, d=Dp (d = approach flow depth). The effect of sediment coarseness on the equilibrium scour depth was identified; existing predictors were modified to incorporate this effect for U=Uc ≈ 1.0; Dp=D50 > ≈60 and d=Dp ≥ 0.5; the complete characterization of a known scour depth time evolution model was achieved for U=Uc ≈ 1.0, 60 < Dp=D50 < 500 and 0.5 ≤ d=Dp ≤ 5.0

The daring Bridge Pavillion (Pabellón Puente) over the river Ebro (Expo 2008): affect on river erosion and protection and auscultation requirements

El artículo trata del riesgo de erosión fluvial en una pila compleja de gran anchura, construida en el cauce del río Ebro en Zaragoza. Se describe el problema de erosión local en la pila, las características del modelo físico ensayado y los mantos de escollera que consiguen detener la erosión, así como la ejecución y auscultación de esta protección.The paper deals with the risk of scouring at a very wide complex pier built within the channel of Ebro river at Zaragoza (Spain). The main points described in the paper are: the local scour problem, the characteristics of the physical model used and the riprap apron able to stop scouring, as well as the execution and monitoring of this protection.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL : A data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in P ortugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with 26% of all species being includedin the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associatedwith habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mam-mals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion formarine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems func-tionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is cru-cial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS INPORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublishedgeoreferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mam-mals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira thatincludes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occur-ring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live obser-vations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%),bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent lessthan 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrowsjsoil moundsjtunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animaljhairjskullsjjaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8),observation in shelters, (9) photo trappingjvideo, (10) predators dietjpelletsjpine cones/nuts, (11) scatjtrackjditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalizationjecholocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and100 m (76%). Rodentia (n=31,573) has the highest number of records followedby Chiroptera (n=18,857), Carnivora (n=18,594), Lagomorpha (n=17,496),Cetartiodactyla (n=11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n=7008). The data setincludes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened(e.g.,Oryctolagus cuniculus[n=12,159],Monachus monachus[n=1,512],andLynx pardinus[n=197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate thepublication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contrib-ute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting onthe development of more accurate and tailored conservation managementstrategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite thisdata paper when the data are used in publications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Mammals in Portugal: a data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in Portugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with ~26% of all species being included in the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associated with habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mammals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion for marine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems functionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is crucial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublished georeferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mammals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira that includes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occurring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live observations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%), bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent less than 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrows | soil mounds | tunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animal | hair | skulls | jaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8), observation in shelters, (9) photo trapping | video, (10) predators diet | pellets | pine cones/nuts, (11) scat | track | ditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalization | echolocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and 100 m (76%). Rodentia (n =31,573) has the highest number of records followed by Chiroptera (n = 18,857), Carnivora (n = 18,594), Lagomorpha (n = 17,496), Cetartiodactyla (n = 11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n = 7008). The data set includes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened (e.g., Oryctolagus cuniculus [n = 12,159], Monachus monachus [n = 1,512], and Lynx pardinus [n = 197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate the publication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contribute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting on the development of more accurate and tailored conservation management strategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications

The daring Bridge Pavillion (Pabellón Puente) over the river Ebro (Expo 2008): affect on river erosion and protection and auscultation requirements

El artículo trata del riesgo de erosión fluvial en una pila compleja de gran anchura, construida en el cauce del río Ebro en Zaragoza. Se describe el problema de erosión local en la pila, las características del modelo físico ensayado y los mantos de escollera que consiguen detener la erosión, así como la ejecución y auscultación de esta protección.The paper deals with the risk of scouring at a very wide complex pier built within the channel of Ebro river at Zaragoza (Spain). The main points described in the paper are: the local scour problem, the characteristics of the physical model used and the riprap apron able to stop scouring, as well as the execution and monitoring of this protection.Peer Reviewe

A large bridge pier in an alluvial channel: local scour versus morphological effects and the role of physical models

This material may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the American Society of Civil Engineers. This material may be found at https://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%29HY.1943-7900.0001993The large pier of an emblematic bridge built in 2008 in the Ebro River (Zaragoza, Spain) obstructs the flow in high floods. Clear-water scour experiments in a scale model were conducted to anticipate maximum local scour depths and design riprap protections. These proved to be effective during a large flood event in 2015, but bed aggradation under the left bridge span and deep scour under the right one, not mirroring the bed deformation observed in the model, raised concerns about the bridge safety. The effects of the protected pier on the changes in the aftermath of the 2015 flood are discussed. It is shown that a large meander upstream generated an imbalance in the spanwise bedload distribution, leading to sedimentation on the left and contraction scour on the right. The paper argues for the need to take into account the effects of large piers on river morphology at the bridge planning phase. The case study shows that using a clear-water model to design the riprap protection is adequate, but more importantly, that the fluvial processes during a flood could only be studied with a live-bed model with geometrical detail of the full river reach, namely, the upstream meander.Thanks to the insightful, helpful comments by the Associate Editor. Thanks to the Ebro Water Authority (Marisa Moreno and Miriam Pardos) and Zaragoza Municipality (Luis Manso) for providing hydrological data and field surveys. We also thank the financial support of the FEDER-COMPETE2020 (POCI) and Portuguese funds (Foundation for Science and Technology, IP) through project PTDC/ECI-EGS/29835/2017—POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029835.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version