107 research outputs found
One-loop effective potential in M4 x T2 with and without 't Hooft flux
We review the basic notions of compactification in the presence of a
background flux. In extra-dimentional models with more than five dimensions,
Scherk and Schwarz boundary conditions have to satisfy 't Hooft consistency
conditions. Different vacuum configurations can be obtained, depending whether
trivial or non-trivial 't Hooft flux is considered. The presence of the
"magnetic" background flux provide, in addition, a mechanism for producing
four-dimensional chiral fermions. Particularizing to the six-dimensional case,
we calculate the one-loop effective potential for a U(N) gauge theory on M4 x
T2. We firstly review the well known results of the trivial 't Hooft flux case,
where one-loop contributions produce the usual Hosotani dynamical symmetry
breaking. Finally we applied our result for describing, for the first time, the
one-loop contributions in the non-trivial 't Hooft flux case
Quantum corrections to Higher-Dimensional Theories
This is a non-technical summary of the subtleties of quantum corrections on
extra-dimensional theories: should one first renormalize and then mode expand,
or first expand in four-dimensional modes and then renormalize?Comment: 9 pages, based on a talk at IRGAC 2006, Barcelon
Nonlinear Model Reduction by Moment-Matching for a Point Absorber Wave Energy Conversion System
This paper presents a data-driven model reduction by moment-matching approach to construct control-oriented models for a point absorber device. The methodology chosen and developed
generates models which are input-to-state linear, with any nonlinear behaviour confined to the output
map. Such a map is the result of a data-driven approximation procedure, where the so-called moment
of the point absorber system is estimated via a least-squares procedure. The resulting control-oriented
model can inherently preserve steady-state properties of the target WEC system for a user-defined
class of input signals of interest, with the computation only dependent upon a suitably defined set of
input-output data
Data-based modelling of arrays of wave energy systems:Experimental tests, models, and validation
One of the key steps towards economic feasibility of wave energy conversion technology concerns scaling up to farms of multiple devices, in the attempt to reduce installation costs by sharing infrastructure, and a consequent drop in levelised cost of energy. Moreover, whenever wave energy systems are deployed in proximity (in so-called arrays), the exploitation of the hydrodynamic interactions between single devices is fully enabled, potentially increasing the final energy outcome. To achieve this in real (operational) time, the employed energy-maximising control strategies require control-oriented array models, able to efficiently describe the dynamics of these interconnected systems in a representative fashion. This can be, nonetheless, a difficult task when considering first principles alone, under small motion assumptions, for modelling purposes. Recognising the uncertainty associated to array numerical models obtained from the linearisation of simplified system equations around their equilibria, this paper presents models of several array configurations identified following a frequency domain approach on the basis of experimental data. Tailored tests on laboratory-scale devices have been designed and conducted in the Aalborg University (Denmark) wave tank facility, with the purpose of performing representative system identification of the wave energy systems arrays. The obtained models are validated on different representative sea states configurations, in controlled and uncontrolled motion operational conditions. The validation results are fully discussed and analysed in terms of standard error measures and time lag, while the obtained models are made freely accessible via a linked repository (named OCEAN), in the attempt to openly provide validated models for different array configurations.</p
Reducing the environmental impacts of passenger cars: a comparison between electricity and biofuels
Constructing Lifshitz solutions from AdS
Under general assumptions, we show that a gravitational theory in d+1
dimensions admitting an AdS solution can be reduced to a d-dimensional theory
containing a Lifshitz solution with dynamical exponent z=2. Working in a d=4,
N=2 supergravity setup, we prove that if the AdS background is N=2
supersymmetric, then the Lifshitz geometry preserves 1/4 of the supercharges,
and we construct the corresponding Killing spinors. We illustrate these results
in examples from supersymmetric consistent truncations of type IIB
supergravity, enhancing the class of known 4-dimensional Lifshitz solutions of
string theory. As a byproduct, we find a new AdS4 x S1 x T(1,1) solution of
type IIB.Comment: 29 pages, no figures; v2 minor corrections, a reference adde
Lifshitz black holes in string theory
We provide the first black hole solutions with Lifshitz asymptotics found in
string theory. These are expected to be dual to models enjoying anisotropic
scale invariance with dynamical exponent z=2 at finite temperature. We employ a
consistent truncation of type IIB supergravity to four dimensions with an
arbitrary 5-dimensional Einstein manifold times a circle as internal geometry.
New interesting features are found that significantly differ from previous
results in phenomenological models. In particular, small black holes are shown
to be thermodynamically unstable, analogously to the usual AdS-Schwarzschild
black holes, and extremality is never reached. This signals a possible
Hawking-Page like phase transition at low temperatures.Comment: 19 pages, 7 figures. v2 references adde
Mouse Mammary Tumor-Like Virus Is Associated with p53 Nuclear Accumulation and Progesterone Receptor Positivity but not Estrogen Positivity in Human Female Breast Cancer
Sprouty2 mediated tuning of signalling is essential for somite myogenesis
Background: Negative regulators of signal transduction cascades play critical roles in controlling different aspects of normal embryonic development. Sprouty2 (Spry2) negatively regulates receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) and FGF signalling and is important in differentiation, cell migration and proliferation. In vertebrate embryos, Spry2 is expressed in paraxial mesoderm and in forming somites. Expression is maintained in the myotome until late stages of somite differentiation. However, its role and mode of action during somite myogenesis is still unclear. Results: Here, we analysed chick Spry2 expression and showed that it overlaps with that of myogenic regulatory factors MyoD and Mgn. Targeted mis-expression of Spry2 led to inhibition of myogenesis, whilst its C-terminal domain led to an increased number of myogenic cells by stimulating cell proliferation. Conclusions: Spry2 is expressed in somite myotomes and its expression overlaps with myogenic regulatory factors. Overexpression and dominant-negative interference showed that Spry2 plays a crucial role in regulating chick myogenesis by fine tuning of FGF signaling through a negative feedback loop. We also propose that mir-23, mir-27 and mir-128 could be part of the negative feedback loop mechanism. Our analysis is the first to shed some light on in vivo Spry2 function during chick somite myogenesis
Mauro Picone, Sandro Faedo, and the numerical solution of partial differential equations in Italy (1928–1953)
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