Significant Miocene larger foraminifera from South Central Java

The Gunung Sewu area of South Central Java, Indonesia during Mid Miocene, Langhian-Serravallian (Tf1-Tf2), was deposited in a large area of warm, very shallow-marine water. Coralline algae and abundant larger benthic foraminifera dominate the carbonate lithologies. Larger benthic foraminifera from previously unstudied sections in South Central Java are described and figured. They have led to an understanding of sequence stratigraphic and facies relationship of Miocene carbonates in Indonesia. Thirteen larger foraminifera species are described and illustrated. A detailed biostratigraphical studies of The phylogeny Katacycloclypeus annulatus - K. martini and the gradual evolution from Austrotrillina asmariensis into A. howchini are recognised. Analysis of the larger benthic foraminifera has allowed accurate dating of the carbonate sections studied using the East Indian Letter Classification

Spatial entanglement patterns and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering in a Bose-Einstein condensate

Many-particle entanglement is a fundamental concept of quantum physics that still presents conceptual challenges. While spin-squeezed and other nonclassical states of atomic ensembles were used to enhance measurement precision in quantum metrology, the notion of entanglement in these systems remained controversial because the correlations between the indistinguishable atoms were witnessed by collective measurements only. Here we use highresolution imaging to directly measure the spin correlations between spatially separated parts of a spin-squeezed Bose-Einstein condensate. We observe entanglement that is strong enough for Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering: we can predict measurement outcomes for non-commuting observables in one spatial region based on a corresponding measurement in another region with an inferred uncertainty product below the Heisenberg relation. This could be exploited for entanglement-enhanced imaging of electromagnetic field distributions and quantum information tasks beyond metrology

Direct control strategy for a four-level three-phase flying-capacitor inverter

A direct predictive control strategy is proposed for a three-phase four-level flying-capacitor (FC) inverter in this paper. The balancing of the FC voltages, a challenge in applications with small capacitors and low switching frequencies, is done without any modulation, simply using tables calculated offline. These allow the realization of fast-dynamics output currents with reduced dv/dt in the output voltages and reduced switching frequencies. Moreover, no interharmonics are created when operating at low switching frequencies and with reference currents containing multiple harmonic components, which is a key feature for active power filters. Simulations and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the excellent performance of the direct control strategy in comparison with a conventional pulsewidth-modulation control technique, mostly for operation at low switching frequencies

Introduction

Fordham International Law Journal\u27s special issue on Islamic law includes articles that present a broad variety of themes, from the historical to the contemporary, from the philosophical to the empirical, and from the theoretical to the practical. In light of the generally poor understanding of Islamic law among American lawyers, one can only hope that a publication such as this succeeds in generating greater intellectual curiosity about Islamic law among readers of American law journals. The authors hope that this collection of Articles will lead to renewed interest in Islamic law and theology as intellectually gratifying topics of inquiry in themselves, in addition to any relevance they may or may not have for transient political circumstances. A cardinal virtue of the lawyer is the ability to extract herself from her own circumstances and view a problem from the perspective of another party, oftentimes an adversary. Hopefully, this special issue will help generate further understanding by affording non-experts in Islamic law an opportunity to better comprehend some of the issues engaging Muslim jurists and theologians in this era

Conceptual Model for Communication

A variety of idealized models of communication systems exist, and all may have something in common. Starting with Shannons communication model and ending with the OSI model, this paper presents progressively more advanced forms of modeling of communication systems by tying communication models together based on the notion of flow. The basic communication process is divided into different spheres (sources, channels, and destinations), each with its own five interior stages, receiving, processing, creating, releasing, and transferring of information. The flow of information is ontologically distinguished from the flow of physical signals, accordingly, Shannons model, network based OSI models, and TCP IP are redesigned.Comment: 13 pages IEEE format, International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, IJCSIS November 2009, ISSN 1947 5500, http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis

Parametric Based Controller for Rapid Prototyping Applications

A methodology aiming at reproducing in Rapid Prototyping applications, exact parametric curves from CAD data is presented. The approach consists of converting the space-based parametric curves from the CAD system into time-base, such that the equations of the curve in terms of time are then fed to a controller directly. Optimization is used to solve the problem, which has both Rapid Prototyping process and scanning constraints. With information such as the equation of the curve, its first and second derivatives with respect to time, a real-time trajectory controller can be designed. The trajectory displays an increase in accuracy over traditional approaches using STL files, which is ofthe order of the chordal tolerance used to generate tessellations. The system model involves electrical and mechanical dynamics of the galvanometers and sensors. The controller, which acts on two mirrors, deflecting the laser beam of a stereolithography machine in the x and y directions respectively, should be easily substituted for current systems. Application of the methodology to freeform curves shows acceptable tracking and can be improved by judicious selection ofthe equation representing the spatial parameter as a function of time.Mechanical Engineerin