Poétique, politique : mises en œuvre du rêve

« L'histoire n'est que l'effort désespéré des hommes pour donner corps aux plus clairvoyants de leurs rêves »Albert Camus (Actuelles) Le rêve est une expérience imaginaire fondamentale, loin de la simple et berçante illusion à laquelle le sens commun a quelquefois tendance à le réduire. Activité psychique produite par le sommeil, le rêve dans sa fonction la plus essentielle est partagé par tous et se trouve être, en même temps, l’objet le plus personnel et le plus incommunicable. Étrange par..

PHENOPSIS DB: an Information System for Arabidopsis thaliana phenotypic data in an environmental context

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Renewed interest in plant × environment interactions has risen in the post-genomic era. In this context, high-throughput phenotyping platforms have been developed to create reproducible environmental scenarios in which the phenotypic responses of multiple genotypes can be analysed in a reproducible way. These platforms benefit hugely from the development of suitable databases for storage, sharing and analysis of the large amount of data collected. In the model plant <it>Arabidopsis thaliana</it>, most databases available to the scientific community contain data related to genetic and molecular biology and are characterised by an inadequacy in the description of plant developmental stages and experimental metadata such as environmental conditions. Our goal was to develop a comprehensive information system for sharing of the data collected in PHENOPSIS, an automated platform for <it>Arabidopsis thaliana </it>phenotyping, with the scientific community.</p> <p>Description</p> <p>PHENOPSIS DB is a publicly available (URL: <url>http://bioweb.supagro.inra.fr/phenopsis/</url>) information system developed for storage, browsing and sharing of online data generated by the PHENOPSIS platform and offline data collected by experimenters and experimental metadata. It provides modules coupled to a Web interface for (i) the visualisation of environmental data of an experiment, (ii) the visualisation and statistical analysis of phenotypic data, and (iii) the analysis of <it>Arabidopsis thaliana </it>plant images.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Firstly, data stored in the PHENOPSIS DB are of interest to the <it>Arabidopsis thaliana </it>community, particularly in allowing phenotypic meta-analyses directly linked to environmental conditions on which publications are still scarce. Secondly, data or image analysis modules can be downloaded from the Web interface for direct usage or as the basis for modifications according to new requirements. Finally, the structure of PHENOPSIS DB provides a useful template for the development of other similar databases related to genotype × environment interactions.</p

An empirical resource for discovering cognitive principles of discourse organisation: the ANNODIS corpus

International audienceThis paper describes the ANNODIS resource, a discourse-level annotated corpus for French. The corpus combines two perspectives on discourse: a bottom-up approach and a top-down approach. The bottom-up view incrementally builds a structure from elementary discourse units, while the top-down view focuses on the selective annotation of multi-level discourse structures. The corpus is composed of texts that are diversified with respect to genre, length and type of discursive organisation. The methodology followed here involves an iterative design of annotation guidelines in order to reach satisfactory inter-annotator agreement levels. This allows us to raise a few issues relevant for the comparison of such complex objects as discourse structures. The corpus also serves as a source of empirical evidence for discourse theories. We present here two first analyses taking advantage of this new annotated corpus --one that tested hypotheses on constraints governing discourse structure, and another that studied the variations in composition and signalling of multi-level discourse structures

ANNODIS : une approche outillée de l'annotation de structures discursives

International audienceThe ANNODIS project has two interconnected objectives: to produce a corpus of texts annotated at discourse-level, and to develop tools for corpus annotation and exploitation. Two sets of annotations are proposed, representing two complementary perspectives on discourse organisation: a bottom-up approach starting from minimal discourse units and building complex structures via a set of discourse relations; a top-down approach envisaging the text as a whole and using pre-identified cues to detect discourse macro-structures. The construction of the corpus goes hand in hand with the development of two interfaces: the first one supports manual annotation of discourse structures, and allows different views of the texts using NLP-based pre-processing; another interface will support the exploitation of the annotations. We present the discourse models and annotation protocols, and the interface which embodies them.Le projet ANNODIS vise la construction d'un corpus de textes annotés au niveau discursif ainsi que le développement d'outils pour l'annotation et l'exploitation de corpus. Les annotations adoptent deux points de vue complémentaires : une perspective ascendante part d'unités de discours minimales pour construire des structures complexes via un jeu de relations de discours ; une perspective descendante aborde le texte dans son entier et se base sur des indices pré-identifiés pour détecter des structures discursives de haut niveau. La construction du corpus est associée à la création de deux interfaces : la première assiste l'annotation manuelle des relations et structures discursives en permettant une visualisation du marquage issu des prétraitements ; une seconde sera destinée à l'exploitation des annotations. Nous présentons les modèles et protocoles d'annotation élaborés pour mettre en œuvre, au travers de l'interface dédiée, la campagne d'annotation

In vitro and in vivo activity of a new small-molecule inhibitor of HDAC6 in mantle cell lymphoma

Cancer origin and development is associated not only with genetic alterations, but also with the disturbance of epigenetic profiles.1 In this regard, the tumoral epigenome is characterized by both specific and general shifts in the DNA methylation and histone-modification landscapes.1 However, in contrast to genetic disruption, the effect of epigenetic modifications or marks may potentially be reversed by the use of drugs that target enzymes involved in adding, removing or signaling DNA methylation and histone modifications.1 This basic knowledge has been adopted into clinical practice, and inhibitors of histone deacetylases and DNA demethylating agents have been approved for use in the therapy of hematologic malignancies, such as cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and myelodysplastic syndrome, respectively.2 Other promising epigenetic drugs include inhibitors of histone methyltransferases,2 histone demethylases,2 histone kinases,3 and bromodomain proteins that interfere with the 'reading' of acetylated histone residues

Peri-operative red blood cell transfusion in neonates and infants: NEonate and Children audiT of Anaesthesia pRactice IN Europe: A prospective European multicentre observational study

BACKGROUND: Little is known about current clinical practice concerning peri-operative red blood cell transfusion in neonates and small infants. Guidelines suggest transfusions based on haemoglobin thresholds ranging from 8.5 to 12 g dl-1, distinguishing between children from birth to day 7 (week 1), from day 8 to day 14 (week 2) or from day 15 (≥week 3) onwards. OBJECTIVE: To observe peri-operative red blood cell transfusion practice according to guidelines in relation to patient outcome. DESIGN: A multicentre observational study. SETTING: The NEonate-Children sTudy of Anaesthesia pRactice IN Europe (NECTARINE) trial recruited patients up to 60 weeks' postmenstrual age undergoing anaesthesia for surgical or diagnostic procedures from 165 centres in 31 European countries between March 2016 and January 2017. PATIENTS: The data included 5609 patients undergoing 6542 procedures. Inclusion criteria was a peri-operative red blood cell transfusion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary endpoint was the haemoglobin level triggering a transfusion for neonates in week 1, week 2 and week 3. Secondary endpoints were transfusion volumes, 'delta haemoglobin' (preprocedure - transfusion-triggering) and 30-day and 90-day morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: Peri-operative red blood cell transfusions were recorded during 447 procedures (6.9%). The median haemoglobin levels triggering a transfusion were 9.6 [IQR 8.7 to 10.9] g dl-1 for neonates in week 1, 9.6 [7.7 to 10.4] g dl-1 in week 2 and 8.0 [7.3 to 9.0] g dl-1 in week 3. The median transfusion volume was 17.1 [11.1 to 26.4] ml kg-1 with a median delta haemoglobin of 1.8 [0.0 to 3.6] g dl-1. Thirty-day morbidity was 47.8% with an overall mortality of 11.3%. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate lower transfusion-triggering haemoglobin thresholds in clinical practice than suggested by current guidelines. The high morbidity and mortality of this NECTARINE sub-cohort calls for investigative action and evidence-based guidelines addressing peri-operative red blood cell transfusions strategies. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT02350348

patrimonio intelectual

Actas de congresoLas VI Jornadas se realizaron con la exposición de ponencias que se incluyeron en cuatro ejes temáticos, que se desarrollaron de modo sucesivo para facilitar la asistencia, el intercambio y el debate, distribuidos en tres jornadas. Los ejes temáticos abordados fueron: 1. La enseñanza como proyecto de investigación. Recursos de enseñanza-aprendizaje como mejoras de la calidad educativa. 2. La experimentación como proyecto de investigación. Del ensayo a la aplicabilidad territorial, urbana, arquitectónica y de diseño industrial. 3. Tiempo y espacio como proyecto de investigación. Sentido, destino y usos del patrimonio construido y simbólico. 4. Idea constructiva, formulación y ejecución como proyecto de investigación. Búsqueda y elaboración de resultados que conforman los proyectos de la arquitectura y el diseño

Sources paramétriques optiques innovantes à base de semiconducteurs isotropes

Diverses applications, telles que la détection de polluants ou neurotoxiques, nécessitent de disposer de sources optiques accordables intenses dans l infrarouge (IR) moyen (8 12 m). Une voie bien adaptée pour répondre à ces besoins est d utiliser l optique non linéaire pour convertir vers l IR moyen le rayonnement d un laser émettant dans l IR proche. Cependant, les matériaux non linéaires usuels ne peuvent être utilisés pour la bande 8 12 m car ils absorbent au-delà de 4 m. Afin de s affranchir de cette limitation, nous étudions ici l utilisation des semiconducteurs isotropes comme matériaux non linéaires alternatifs. En effet, ces matériaux (GaAs, ZnSe, etc.) présentent de forts coefficients non linéaires, et sont transparents dans l IR moyen. Comme ces matériaux sont isotropes, des techniques de quasi-accord de phase doivent être mises en place pour une conversion non linéaire efficace. La technique choisie ici est celle de la biréfringence de Fresnel. Nous avons étudié cette technique aussi bien d un point de vue expérimental par des expériences de différence de fréquences dans GaAs entre deux faisceaux proche IR accordables (~1,9 m et 2,4 m), que d un point de vue théorique par le développement de nouveaux modèles prenant en compte tous les processus linéaire et non linéaire intrinsèques à la biréfringence de Fresnel. Enfin, cette technique d accord de phase a été appliquée à l auto-différence de fréquences dans les lasers ZnSe:Cr afin de générer une onde IR moyen à partir d un faisceau pompe unique. L onde à 10 m est alors générée par différence de fréquences entre l onde pompe à 1,9 m et l onde laser émise par les ions Cr2+ autour de 2,3 m.Tunable mid-infrared (IR) sources are of high interest for many applications, including chemical monitoring, gas analysis, remote sensing, and IR countermeasures. A promising way to obtain such mid-IR emission is to use optical sources based on parametric conversion in nonlinear materials. However, apart from few materials (ZnGeP2, AgGaSe2, CdSe, ), most of usual nonlinear materials exhibit strong multiphonon absorption beyond 5 m. Therefore, an important issue is to find adequate materials for the 8 12 m band. In this context, semiconductors of the technological mainstream, such as GaAs or ZnSe, are excellent candidates for mid-infrared parametric generation. Indeed, they display high non linear susceptibility and they are transparent from the near-infrared up to 20 m. However, since these materials are isotropic, quasi-phase-matching techniques have to be implemented to get an efficient conversion. Nonetheless, this limitation can be overcome using Fresnel birefringence that takes place at total internal reflection. We present here an experimental and theoretical study of this phase matching technique : difference frequency generation experiments are carried out and new models are developped to take into account all the physical processes involved. We investigate then self-difference frequency mixing in Cr:ZnSe laser using Fresnel phase matching. Taking advantage of both the lasing and nonlinear properties of this material, we demonstrate that 8 12 m radiation can be produced using a single pump beam at 1.9 m. Subsequently, difference frequency mixing between the 1.9 m pump beam and 2.3 m laser beam produces a mid-IR radiation in the 9 m range.ORSAY-PARIS 11-BU Sciences (914712101) / SudocSudocFranceF