ANÁLISE JURISPRUDENCIAL DO CRIME DE REDUÇÃO AO TRABALHO ANÁLOGO AO DE ESCRAVO NO TRIBUNAL REGIONAL FEDERAL DA 3ª REGIÃO

O presente artigo tange à pesquisa jurisprudencial realizada na plataforma eletrônica do Tribunal Regional Federal da 3ª Região, cujo objetivo é verificar qual o entendimento desse Tribunal no diz respeito ao delito descrito no art. 149 do Código Penal Brasileiro, por meio de uma análise dos recursos interpostos no período compreendido entre janeiro de 2010 e dezembro de 2016, quais sejam, apelações criminais e recursos em sentido estrito. Nesse sentido, foram realizadas análises qualitativa e quantitativa dos recursos, no intuito de aferir como o crime de redução ao trabalho análogo ao de escravo está sendo interpretado e aplicado, assim como, quais são as principais teses utilizadas pelo TRF da 3ª Região. A presente pesquisa localizou 11 (onze) recursos, dentre eles 09 (nove) apelações criminais e 02 (recursos em sentido estrito). A partir da análise das teses verificadas nos acórdãos desses recursos, realizou-se uma análise do conceito contemporâneo de trabalho escravo e seus modos de execução, relacionando-os com o princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana. Os resultados demonstraram que o TRF da 3ª Região, de fato, tem interpretado o crime de trabalho análogo ao de escravo tendo como diretriz o referido princípio. Entretanto, realizam-se críticas ao citado Tribunal no que concerne ao tempo de julgamento e, principalmente, à relação da pena estipulada com a gravidade da conduta do crime

Desempenho de testes sorológicos para o diagnóstico de infecção por HTLV em população de alto-risco de São Paulo, Brasil

Testing problems in diagnosing human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) infection, mostly HTLV-II, have been documented in HIV/AIDS patients. Since December 1998, the Immunology Department of Instituto Adolfo Lutz (IAL) offers HTLV-I/II serology to Public Health Units that attend HTLV high-risk individuals. Two thousand, three hundred and twelve serum samples: 1,393 from AIDS Reference Centers (Group I), and 919 from HTLV out-patient clinics (Group II) were sent to IAL for HTLV-I/II antibodies detection. The majority of them were screened by two enzyme immunoassays (EIAs), and confirmed by Western Blot (WB 2.4, Genelabs). Seven different EIA kits were employed during the period, and according to WB results, the best performance was obtained by EIAs that contain HTLV-I and HTLV-II viral lysates and rgp21 as antigens. Neither 1st and 2nd, nor 3rd generation EIA kits were 100% sensitive in detecting truly HTLV-I/II reactive samples. HTLV-I and HTLV-II prevalence rates of 3.3% and 2.5% were detected in Group I, and of 9.6% and 3.6% in Group II, respectively. High percentages of HTLV-seroindeterminate WB sera were detected in both Groups. The algorithm testing to be employed in HTLV high-risk population from São Paulo, Brazil, needs the use of two EIA kits of different formats and compounds as screening, and because of high seroindeterminate WB, may be another confirmatory assay.Problemas nos testes diagnósticos de infecção pelos vírus linfotrópicos de células T humanas (HTLV), principalmente HTLV-II, têm sido observados em pacientes com HIV/Aids. Desde Dezembro de 1998, a Seção de Imunologia do Instituto Adolfo Lutz (IAL) oferece a sorologia para HTLV-I/II para Serviços de Saúde Pública que atendem populações consideradas de risco para esta infecção. Duas mil trezentas e doze amostras de soro: 1.393 de Centros de Referência em Aids (Grupo I) e 919 de Clínicas de Especialidade em HTLV (Grupo II) foram encaminhadas para o IAL para a pesquisa de anticorpos anti-HTLV-I/II. A maioria delas foram testadas por dois ensaios imunoenzimáticos (EIAs) e confirmadas por Western Blot (WB 2.4, Genelabs). Sete kits diferentes de EIAs foram empregados durante o período e de acordo com os resultados do WB a melhor performance foi obtida com os EIAs que continham lisado viral dos HTLV-I e -II e a rgp21 como antígenos. Nenhum kit de EIA de 1ª, 2ª ou 3ª geração foi 100% sensível para detectar todas as amostras verdadeiramente HTLV-I/II reagentes. A prevalência de HTLV-I e HTLV-II, respectivamente, foi de 3,3% e 2,5% no Grupo I e de 9,6% e 3,6% no Grupo II. Em ambos os Grupos, foram detectadas altas percentagens de soros com padrão indeterminado no WB. O algoritmo de testes sorológicos para ser usado em população de alto risco para HTLV de São Paulo, Brasil, necessita de dois kits EIAs de princípios e composição diferentes para a triagem sorológica e, pelo elevado número de WB indeterminado, talvez de um outro teste confirmatório

Differential tolerance of sugarcane varieties to herbicide stress

Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de realizar triagem primária para caracterização da tolerância de variedades SP e CTC de cana-de-açúcar à aplicação de dez herbicidas comumente recomendados para manejo de plantas daninhas nesta cultura. Dois experimentos foram desenvolvidos com esquema fatorial entre variedades de cana-de-açúcar e onze tratamentos herbicidas. No primeiro experimento utilizaram-se sete variedades SP (fatorial 7 x 11): SP80-1842, SP80-3280, SP83-2847, SP87-344, SP87-396, SP89-1115 e SP90-3414. No segundo experimento, foram avaliadas seis variedades CTC (fatorial 6 x 11): CTC1, CTC2, CTC3, CTC4, CTC5 e CTC6. Os tratamentos herbicidas aplicados em pós-emergência inicial foram: ametryn, ametryn + trifloxysulfuron-sodium, clomazone, diuron + hexazinone, isoxaflutole, imazapic, 2,4-D, tebuthiuron, sulfentrazone, MSMA e testemunha sem aplicação. Avaliou-se massa fresca, altura, teor de clorofila (índice SPAD) e perfilhamento, todos em termos percentuais relativos à testemunha sem aplicação. Constatou-se tolerância diferencial das variedades de cana-de-açúcar aos herbicidas comumente utilizados na cultura. As variedades SP80-3280 e CTC2 foram as mais tolerantes aos tratamentos herbicidas, podendo ter esta característica explorada em programas de melhoramento genético.This work was carried out with the objective of screening for tolerance response of SP and CTC sugarcane varieties to application of ten herbicides commonly recommended to weed management in this crop. Two trials were evaluated with factorial design between the sugarcane varieties and eleven herbicide treatments. In the first experiment, seven SP varieties were used (factorial 7 x 11): SP80-1842, SP80-3280, SP83-2847, SP87-344, SP87-396, SP89-1115 and SP90-3414. In the second experiment, six CTC varieties were evaluated (factorial 6 x 11): CTC1, CTC2, CTC3, CTC4, CTC5 and CTC6. The post-emergence-applied herbicide treatments were: ametryn, ametryn + trifloxysulfuron-sodium, clomazone, diuron + hexazinone, isoxaflutole, imazapic, 2,4-D, tebuthiuron, sulfentrazone, MSMA and check without application. The variables evaluated were: fresh mass, height, SPAD index and tillering: Valves here considered as relative percentage to the untreated control. Differential tolerance of sugarcane varieties was observed regarding to application of the tested herbicides. SP80-3280 and CTC2 were the most tolerant varieties to herbicide application, and might have this characteristic exploited by sugarcane breeding programs.FAPES

Eficácia do imazapic no controle de capim-camalote aplicado em solos de diferentes texturas

Itchgrass (Rottboelia exaltata L.f.) is a weed that presented fast dissemination in sugarcane fields in Brazil, causing significant yield losses to the crop. Therefore, this research had the objective of evaluating the susceptibility of the weed itchgrass to imazapic when applied in pre-emergence using dose-response curves. The experiments were carried out in randomized blocks experimental design with four replications in a factorial arrangement between two soil (clayey-sandy and sandy) and nine rates of imazapic. The herbicide rates were: 0; 9.19; 18.38; 36.75; 50; 73; 147; 294; 588 and 1176 g a.i. ha-1 and check without application. The sandy soil scored by visual control upper and lower levels of residual dry matter compared to the clayey-sandy soil. Soil texture has a direct influence on the effectiveness of control. Soil texture has a direct influence on control efficiency, so that the dose of 18.38 g a.i. ha-1 showed more control of itchgrass in sandy soil, while for clay and sandy soil was 294 g a.i. ha-1. Control levels indicate that application of imazapic in pre-emergence is viable to control the weed itchgrass.O capim-camalote (Rottboelia exaltata L.f.) é uma planta daninha com rápida capacidade de disseminação nas áreas canavieiras do Brasil, causando significativas perdas de produtividade na cultura. Assim, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a suscetibilidade do capim-camalote ao herbicida imazapic, quando aplicado em pré-emergência, por meio de curvas de dose-resposta. O experimento foi desenvolvido no delineamento experimental do tipo blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições em esquema fatorial entre dois tipos de solo (franco argilo-arenoso e franco arenoso) e nove doses do herbicida imazapic. As doses utilizadas foram: 0; 9,19; 18,38; 36,75; 50; 73; 147; 294; 588 e 1176 g i.a. ha-1 e testemunha sem aplicação. O uso do imazapic causou maior controle e menor matéria seca do capim-camalote quando aplicado em solo franco arenoso, em relação ao solo franco argilo-arenoso. A textura do solo tem influência direta na eficiência de controle, de modo que a dose de 18,38 g i.a. ha-1 demonstrou maior controle do capim-camalote em solo franco arenoso, já para solo franco argilo-arenoso foi de 294 g i.a. ha-1. Os níveis de controle indicam a viabilidade de aplicação de imazapic em pré-emergência para controle do capim-camalote

ESTUDO DA CONTRIBUIÇÃO INERCIAL E DE AMORTECIMENTO DE LINHAS DE ANCORAGEM NO MOVIMENTO DE MONOBOIAS

In offshore oil production activities, monobuoys comprise oceanic terminals used by offloading ships to control the oil transference to the coast. They are relatively small structures, with accentuated dynamic responses when submitted to wave forces. Due to their lower inertia when compared with other types of floating systems, their mooring lines and risers lines may contribute directly with its static and dynamic behavior, evidencing a structural and hydrodynamic coupling between monobuoy and lines. In the search of an analysis methodology that may take advantage on both coupled and uncoupled formulations, this work presents procedures to evaluate, based on coupled simulations, the inertial and damping contribution of the mooring lines and risers into the monobuoy’s responses. These values may be inserted as input parameters into a calibrated uncoupled simulation to obtain dynamic responses with higher accuracy and lower computational cost. This work will present a case study of a standard monobuoy, with 9 mooring lines, located into a 90 meter water depth, comparing the motions provided by coupled and uncoupled simulations, with and without the proposed calibration procedure, and assessing the computational costs

High Precision Abundances of the Old Solar Twin HIP 102152: Insights on Li Depletion from the Oldest Sun

We present the first detailed chemical abundance analysis of the old 8.2 Gyr solar twin, HIP 102152. We derive differential abundances of 21 elements relative to the Sun with precisions as high as 0.004 dex ($\lesssim$1%), using ultra high-resolution (R = 110,000), high S/N UVES spectra obtained on the 8.2-m Very Large Telescope. Our determined metallicity of HIP 102152 is [Fe/H] = -0.013 $\pm$ 0.004. The atmospheric parameters of the star were determined to be 54 K cooler than the Sun, 0.09 dex lower in surface gravity, and a microturbulence identical to our derived solar value. Elemental abundance ratios examined vs. dust condensation temperature reveal a solar abundance pattern for this star, in contrast to most solar twins. The abundance pattern of HIP 02152 appears to be the most similar to solar of any known solar twin. Abundances of the younger, 2.9 Gyr solar twin, 18 Sco, were also determined from UVES spectra to serve as a comparison for HIP 102152. The solar chemical pattern of HIP 102152 makes it a potential candidate to host terrestrial planets, which is reinforced by the lack of giant planets in its terrestrial planet region. The following non-local thermodynamic equilibrium Li abundances were obtained for HIP 102152, 18 Sco, and the Sun: log $\epsilon$ (Li) = 0.48 $\pm$ 0.07, 1.62 $\pm$ 0.02, and 1.07 $\pm$ 0.02, respectively. The Li abundance of HIP 102152 is the lowest reported to date for a solar twin, and allows us to consider an emerging, tightly constrained Li-age trend for solar twin stars.Comment: Published in ApJL. 22 pages, 4 figures, and 1 tabl

Identification of constrained sequence elements across 239 primate genomes

Noncoding DNA is central to our understanding of human gene regulation and complex diseases1,2, and measuring the evolutionary sequence constraint can establish the functional relevance of putative regulatory elements in the human genome3–9. Identifying the genomic elements that have become constrained specifically in primates has been hampered by the faster evolution of noncoding DNA compared to protein-coding DNA10, the relatively short timescales separating primate species11, and the previously limited availability of whole-genome sequences12. Here we construct a whole-genome alignment of 239 species, representing nearly half of all extant species in the primate order. Using this resource, we identified human regulatory elements that are under selective constraint across primates and other mammals at a 5% false discovery rate. We detected 111,318 DNase I hypersensitivity sites and 267,410 transcription factor binding sites that are constrained specifically in primates but not across other placental mammals and validate their cis-regulatory effects on gene expression. These regulatory elements are enriched for human genetic variants that affect gene expression and complex traits and diseases. Our results highlight the important role of recent evolution in regulatory sequence elements differentiating primates, including humans, from other placental mammals