Obesity, diabetes and OSAS induce of sleep disorders: Exercise as therapy

Sleep is an integral part of good health. Sleep disorders and variations in sleep habits are associated with a low-grade inflammatory status, which may be either a cause or consequence of other conditions, including obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Several strategies are available to counteract these conditions including continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), pharmacological and nutritional interventions, and even surgery. At present, our group is investigating the effect of chronic endurance exercise on sleep alterations

Carbohydrate Supplementation Influences Serum Cytokines after Exercise under Hypoxic Conditions

Introduction: Exercise performed at the hypoxia equivalent of an altitude of 4200 m is associated with elevated inflammatory mediators and changes in the Th1/Th2 response. By contrast, supplementation with carbohydrates has an anti-inflammatory effect when exercise is performed under normoxic conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of carbohydrate supplementation on cytokines and cellular damage markers after exercise under hypoxic conditions at a simulated altitude of 4200 m. Methods: Seven adult male volunteers who exercised for 60 min at an intensity of 50% VO2Peak were randomly evaluated under three distinct conditionsnormoxia, hypoxia and hypoxia + carbohydrate supplementation. Blood samples were collected at rest, at the end of exercise and after 60 min of recovery. To evaluate hypoxia + carbohydrate supplementation, volunteers received a solution of 6% carbohydrate (maltodextrin) or a placebo (strawberry-flavored Crystal Light (R)Kraft Foods, Northfield, IL, USA) every 20 min during exercise and recovery. Statistical analyses comprised analysis of variance, with a one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey post hoc test with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: Under normoxic and hypoxic conditions, there was a significant increase in the concentration of IL-6 after exercise and after recovery compared to at rest (p < 0.05), while in the hypoxia + carbohydrate group, there was a significant increase in the concentration of IL-6 and TNF-alpha after exercise compared to at rest (p < 0.05). Furthermore, under this condition, TNF-alpha, IL-2 and the balance of IL-2/IL-4 were increased after recovery compared to at rest (p < 0.05). Conclusion: We conclude that carbohydrate supplementation modified the IL-6 and TNF-alpha serum concentrations and shifted the IL-2/IL-4 balance towards Th1 in response without glycemic, glutaminemia and cell damage effects.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Associação Fundo de Incentivo à Psicofarmacologia (AFIP)Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Psychobiol, BR-04021001 Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Biosci, BR-11060001 Santos, BrazilUniv Estadual Paulista, Dept Phys Educ, BR-19060900 Presidente Prudente, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Physiol, BR-04021001 Sao Paulo, BrazilDepartment of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04021-001, BrazilDepartment of Bioscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos 11060-001, BrazilDepartment of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04021-001, BrazilFAPESP: 2013/01324-4Web of Scienc

IMPACTOS GENÉTICOS ENTRE GERAÇÕES DAS DOENÇAS DE CHAGAS: A SUSTENTABILIDADE DAS POPULAÇÕES RURAIS

&nbsp; O artigo registra as conferências do Congresso internacional de inovação tecnológica nas ciências da saúde: a sustentabilidade das práticas integrativas na agroecologia, mais especificamente a conferência: Impactos genéticos entre gerações das doenças de chagas: a sustentabilidade das populações rurais. A conferência apontou que o T. cruzi pode persistir por décadas dentro de célula não fagocíticas, sem algum dano ao hospedeiro. O protozoário&nbsp; passa para outras gerações de pessoas doentes da mesma família ao se multiplicar regulado pelas fosfatases, enquanto as quinases fosforilam e estimulam a divisão celular. O evento aconteceu de 15 a 18 de novembro de 2017 no IFBA SAJ sob a direção da Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia. Palavras-chave:&nbsp; Probabilidade. Decisões terapêuticas. Medicina Baseada em Evidência

Dietary whey protein lessens several risk factors for metabolic diseases: a review

Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) have grown in prevalence around the world, and recently, related diseases have been considered epidemic. Given the high cost of treatment of obesity/DM-associated diseases, strategies such as dietary manipulation have been widely studied; among them, the whey protein diet has reached popularity because it has been suggested as a strategy for the prevention and treatment of obesity and DM in both humans and animals. Among its main actions, the following activities stand out: reduction of serum glucose in healthy individuals, impaired glucose tolerance in DM and obese patients; reduction in body weight; maintenance of muscle mass; increases in the release of anorectic hormones such as cholecystokinin, leptin, and glucagon like-peptide 1 (GLP-1); and a decrease in the orexigenic hormone ghrelin. Furthermore, studies have shown that whey protein can also lead to reductions in blood pressure, inflammation, and oxidative stress.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Univ Estadual Campinas UNICAMP, Dept Clin Med, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Inst Ciencias Biomed, Dept Fisiol & Biofis, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Extremo Catarinense, Lab Bioquim & Fisiol Exercicio, Criciuma, SC, BrazilUniv Estadual Paulista UNESP, Dept Patol, Botucatu, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP, Dept Fisiol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP, Dept Psicobiol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP, Dept Fisiol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP, Dept Psicobiol, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Can high altitude influence cytokines and sleep?

The number of persons who relocate to regions of high altitude for work, pleasure, sport, or residence increases every year. It is known that the reduced supply of oxygen (O-2) induced by acute or chronic increases in altitude stimulates the body to adapt to new metabolic challenges imposed by hypoxia. Sleep can suffer partial fragmentation because of the exposure to high altitudes, and these changes have been described as one of the responsible factors for the many consequences at high altitudes. We conducted a review of the literature during the period from 1987 to 2012. This work explored the relationships among inflammation, hypoxia and sleep in the period of adaptation and examined a novel mechanism that might explain the harmful effects of altitude on sleep, involving increased Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production from several tissues and cells, such as leukocytes and cells from skeletal muscle and brain.Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Psicobiol, São Paulo, BrazilCEPE, São Paulo, BrazilUNIFESP, Dept Biociencias, BR-11030400 Santos, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Ctr Estudos Psicobiol & Exercicio, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Sao Judas Tadeu, Lab Movimento Humano, São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Fac Med, Inst Coracao InCor, Unidade Hipertensao, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Psicobiol, São Paulo, BrazilUNIFESP, Dept Biociencias, BR-11030400 Santos, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Ctr Estudos Psicobiol & Exercicio, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Low-grade inflammation and spinal cord injury: exercise as therapy?

An increase in the prevalence of obesity in people with spinal cord injury can contribute to low-grade chronic inflammation and increase the risk of infection in this population. A decrease in sympathetic activity contributes to immunosuppression due to the lower activation of immune cells in the blood. the effects of physical exercise on inflammatory parameters in individuals with spinal cord injury have not been well described. We conducted a review of the literature published from 1974 to 2012. This review explored the relationships between low-grade inflammation, spinal cord injury, and exercise to discuss a novel mechanism that might explain the beneficial effects of exercise involving an increase in catecholamines and cytokines in people with spinal cord injury.Associação Fundo de Incentivo à Pesquisa (AFIP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Centro Multidisciplinar em Sonolência e Acidentes (CEMSA)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Centros de Pesquisa, Expansão e Difusão do Instituto do Sono CEPID/SONOCEPIDUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Centro de Estudos em Psicobiologia e Exercicio (CEPE)Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Dept Psicobiol, BR-04020050 São Paulo, BrazilCtr Estudos Psicobiol & Exercicio, BR-04020050 São Paulo, BrazilUniv Extremo Sul Catarinense, Programa Posgrad Ciencias Saude, Lab Fisiol & Bioquim Exercicio, Criciuma, SC, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Dept Biociencias, BR-04020050 São Paulo, BrazilUniv Sao Judas Tadeu, Lab Movimento Humano, BR-04020050 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Dept Psicobiol, BR-04020050 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Dept Biociencias, BR-04020050 São Paulo, BrazilCEPID: 98/143003-3Web of Scienc

Concurrent Training Increases Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Older Adults Regardless of the Exercise Frequency

Background: Human brain function declines with aging. In this sense, exercise-based interventions has a promising effect on brain plasticity for older adults. Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a positive biomarker for brain neuroplasticity in healthy older adults also modified by exercise training. Selected features of the exercise prescription for improving brain health are missing; therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of concurrent exercise training frequency on serum BDNF levels in healthy older adults. Methods: Nineteen volunteers (age: 65 ± 4 year; body mass index: 28.0 ± 4.5 kg/m2) completed either a three times/week (3-t/w) (n = 8) or five times/week (5-t/w) (n = 11) concurrent exercise program. The exercise program lasted 11 weeks and all exercise sessions were performed for 50 min at moderate intensity. Serum BDNF, body composition, cardiovascular, and physical fitness variables were assessed before and after the exercise training program. Results: Regardless of the group, the serum BDNF increased following the intervention (p < 0.001), and there were no significant group (p = 0.827) or interaction (p = 0.063) effects. The maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) increased regardless of the group (p = 0.007), with a non-significant group (p = 0.722) or interaction (p = 0.223) effects. Upper- and lower-body strength increased in both groups (p = 0.003); however, there was no effect of the training frequency (p = 0.53). For the skeletal muscle mass, there was a trend in the interaction effect (p = 0.053). Finally, the body fat percentage was unchanged. Conclusion: Eleven weeks of combined exercise training increased serum BDNF levels in healthy older adults, a response independent of the training frequency. The overall fitness level improved similarly in both exercise groups. These data reveal that a minimal dosage of concurrent exercise enhance functional capacity and a brain health biomarker in older adults

Intoxication of newly implanted coffee plants by simulated drift of the dicamba herbicide

After the release of soybean cultivars resistant to the herbicide dicamba, this product should be used more frequently in weed management programs, which may increase the risk of drift to neighboring crops, since the molecules are volatile and might cause damage in non-target plants. This work was developed to evaluate the effects of sub-doses of the herbicide dicamba on young coffee plants, simulating a drift situation. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, with a randomized block design of eight treatments and five replications. Each plot consisted of a 4 L pot, filled with sieved clayey soil and tanned manure (3:1 v/v), with a seedling of Catuaí IAC 144 coffee. The treatments used were: 0 (control), 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 10.0, and 100.0 g ha−1 of dicamba. Plant's percentual phytotoxicity was evaluated up to 49 days after application (DAA), SPAD index (14, 28, and 42 DAA), and dry matter biomass, at 49 DAA. In all evaluations, no differences were observed regarding phytotoxicity for dicamba sub-doses of up to 0.01 g ha−1. The highest doses of dicamba caused visual injuries of up to 31%. At 49 DAA, there were no differences regarding dry matter biomass. Leaf symptoms caused by the herbicide were observed, such as curling, wrinkling, and epinasty. No plant death was observed. Compared to other crops, coffee might be considered more tolerant to sub-doses of dicamba, with adequate recovery capacity for reduced doses of this herbicide

Endotoxin levels correlate positively with a sedentary lifestyle and negatively with highly trained subjects

Introduction: A sedentary lifestyle increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, obesity, and diabetes. This phenomenon is supported by recent studies suggesting a chronic, low-grade inflammation status. Endotoxin derived from gut flora may be key to the development of inflammation by stimulating the secretion of inflammatory factors. This study aimed to examine plasma inflammatory markers and endotoxin levels in individuals with a sedentary lifestyle and/or in highly trained subjects at rest. Methods: Fourteen male subjects (sedentary lifestyle n = 7; highly trained subjects n = 7) were recruited. Blood samples were collected after an overnight fast (similar to 12 h). the plasmatic endotoxin, plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP1), ICAM/CD54, VCAM/CD106 and lipid profile levels were determined.Results: Endotoxinemia was lower in the highly trained subject group relative to the sedentary subjects (p < 0.002). in addition, we observed a positive correlation between endotoxin and PAI-1 (r = 0.85, p < 0.0001), endotoxin and total cholesterol (r = 0.65; p < 0.01), endotoxin and LDL-c (r = 0.55; p < 0.049) and endotoxin and TG levels (r = 0.90; p < 0.0001). the plasma levels of MCP-1, ICAM/CD54 and VCAM/CD106 did not differ.Conclusion: These results indicate that a lifestyle associated with high-intensity and high-volume exercise induces favorable changes in chronic low-grade inflammation markers and may reduce the risk for diseases such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Physiol, Div Nutr, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Biosci, São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Canc Metab Grp, Inst Biomed Sci, Dept Cell & Dev Biol, BR-05508 São Paulo, BrazilUniv Prebiteriana Mackenzie, Dept Phys Educ, Biol & Hlth Sci Ctr, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Psychobiol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Physiol, Div Nutr, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Biosci, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Psychobiol, São Paulo, BrazilFAPESP: 2008/03533-1Web of Scienc