Aspectos morfológicos e microanatômicos das espécies brasileiras de Mussidae Ortmann, 1890 (Cnidaria, Scleractinia)

In the purpose of extend the character used in Scleractinian systematic, it was done a descriptive study of different aspects of the polyp microanatomy and cnidom of four species of Mussidae. Three species belonging to the Brazilian genus Mussismilia: M. hispida (Verrill, 1868), M. braziliensis (Verrill, 1868) and M. hartti (Verrill, 1902) and one from the world wide genus Scolymia Haime, 1852: S. wellsi. The microanatomical study allowed a more ample characterization of the species, and also revealed new characters that can be used in the systematic of the group: the form and distribution of the mesogleal pleats where the retractor muscle is fixed; the number of perfect mesenteries; distribution of the reproductive elements; the presence of linkage between the stomodaeum. The cnidae of four species of Mussidae was described and illustrated. Both Weill's (1934) cnidae nomenclature, later modified by Carlgren (1940), and Schmidt's (1969, 1972, 1974) were used. Qualitative analysis of their cnidae showed that all the species studied present the same types and distributions of nematocysts. Five types were observed (sensu Schmidt): spirocysts, holotrichs I, holotrichs II, b-rhabdoids, and p-rhabdoids D. Some types presented morphological varieties considered as subtypes. Qualitative and quantitative size analysis of cnidae showed differences between Mussismilia and Scolyia. The qualitative difference observed was that Mussismilia presenta two size classes of. p-rhabdoids D in the mesenterial filaments, while in Scolymia there is only one. Statistical tests suggested that the size of three types of nematocysts can differentiate the two genera studied: b-rhabdoids from stomodaeum and holotrichs I and II from the mesenterial filamente. A structure was described at the extremities of the filaments, it may be related to territorial or aggressive patterns.CAPESCom objetivo de ampliar os caracteres utilizados na sistemática de Scleractinia, foi realizado o estudo descritivo de diferentes aspectos da microanatomia dos pólipos e do cnidoma em quatro espécies de Mussidae. Foram estudadas três espécies pertencentes ao gênero Mussismilia Ortmann, 1890, M. hispida (Verrill, 1868), M. braziliensis (Verrill, 1868), M. hartti (Verril, 1902) e uma do gênero Scolymia Haime, 1852, S. wellsi Laborel, 1967. O estudo microanatômico permitiu uma caracterização mais ampla das espécies e revelou novos caracteres que podem ser utilizados na sistemática do grupo, a saber: número dos mesentérios perfeitos e distribuição das dobras mesogleais do mesentério, distribuição dos elementos reprodutivos e a presença de ligações interfaringeanas. O cnidoma das quatro espécies é descrito e ilustrado, com a utilização da nomenclatura de Weill (1934) posteriormente modificada por Carlgren (1940) e Schmidt (1969, 1972 1974). A análise qualitativa do cnidoma das espécies estudadas mostrou que todas apresentam os mesmos tipos e distribuição de Cnidas. Cinco tipos foram observados (sensu Schmidt): espirocistos, holótricos I, holótricos II, b-rabdoide e p-rabdoide D. Alguns destes tipos apresentaram variedades morfológicas consideradas como sub-tipos. Através do estudo qualitativo e quantitativo do cnidoma foi possível separar as espécies de Mussismilia de S. wellsi . A diferença qualitativa observada foi que o tipo p-rabdoide D do filamento mesentérico apresentou duas classes de tamanho em Mussismilia e uma em S. wellsi. Testes estatísticos sugerem que o tamanho de três tipos de nematocistos podem diferenciar os dois gêneros: b-rabdoide da faringe, holótrico I e holótrico II do filamento. Uma estrutura localizada na extremidade dos filamentos foi descrita, cuja função pode estar relacionada a mecanismos de territorialidade e agressão

Phylogenetic relationships in the Balanidae family (Leach, 1917) sensu Newman & Ross, 1976 (Crustacea, Cirripedia)

Since the time of its proposal, the Balanidae has suffered many modifications. It has been reduced and rearranged until it attained its current status. However, its monophyly and relationship have not been phylogenetically examined and the relationships of Balanidae to other groups of Balanoidea have not been established yet. This study was directed to analyze the monophyly of the family and the groups within it. Thirty-three taxa of Balanidae, 9 of Archaeobalanidae, 3 of Pyrgomatidae and 2 of Balanomorphoidea were used in the analysis. Anatomical aspects of soft and hard parts provided 70 characters. The hypothesis of relationship were obtained through PAUP, software packages using Fitch parsimony as the optimization criterion.As a result, 252 trees with 125 steps (ci = 0.728; ri= 0.87) were obtained. The strict consensus tree showed that Pyrgomatidae is the sister group of Balanidae. The genus Balanus appears in different clades and therefore it is non-monophyletic. Striatobalanus appears within Balanidae close to the clade formed by Megabalaninae and Concaviinae. The "Balanus amphitrite" group (sensu Newman, 1976) with Tetrabalanus and Fistulobalanus form a monophyletic group. Some proposals of character evolution and new homology interpretation were made, based on the character-state optimization.A família Balanidae desde a sua descrição inicial sofreu muitas modificações e reduções até formar a proposta taxonômica atualmente aceita. Entretanto sua monofilia e relacionamento filogenético tanto nos táxons internos como entre as outras famílias de Balanomorpha ainda não foi estabelecido. Este estudo teve como objetivos avaliar a monofilia da família, além dos seus dos gêneros e grupos taxonômicos e estabelecer uma proposta de relacionamento de Balanidae com os outros táxons de Balanomorpha. Trinta e três táxons de Balanidae, 9 de Archaeobalanidae, e de Pyrgomatidae e 2 de Balanomorphoidea foram analisados. 70 caracteres foram obtidos a partir de características anatômicas da testa, placas articulares, apêndices bucais e cirros. A análise de parcimônia foi obtida através do programa "PAUP" utilizando a parcimônia de Fitch como critério de otimização. Foram obtidas 252 árvores com 125 passos (ci = O, 728; ri= 0,87). A árvore de consenso estrito demonstrou alguns padrões: Pyrgomatidae foi considerado como grupo irmão de Balanidae; o gênero Balanus apareceu em diferentes clados sendo considerado polifilético; Striatobalanus formou um grupo monofilético junto com Concavinae e Megabalaninae; o grupo "Balanus amphitrite" (sensu Newman & Ross, 1976), Tetrabalanus e Fistulobalanus formaram um clado monofilético. Propostas de evolução e novas interpretações de homologia, foram fornecidos baseado na otimização dos caracteres

A Gestão de Pessoas e as Estratégias de Atração, Desenvolvimento e Retenção de Profissionais: O Caso Petrobras

This case study examined the management of people in remote units (i.e., far from urban centers) and in urban units of PETROBRAS - Petróleo Brasileiro S/A. Specifically, this research was performed in three offshore platforms, three bases, and in the Amazon jungle’s unit, interviewing 31 employees that included directors, managers, HR professionals, supervisors, and coordinators. The following two questions were addressed: How to manage people working in units far away from the main headquarters of the organization? How to manage them in order to assure the organizational strategic objectives of attracting, developing and retaining valuable human capital in these units? The primary data collection was done by means of interviews and observations, and the data were analyzed via content analysis. The results indicated that the specific policies and practices for managing people, based on the strategies for attracting, developing, and retaining the professionals working in the studied units, are advantageous, illustrating effective policies and practices to the field of strategic people management.Este estudo de caso, ancorado na abordagem qualitativa e com nível de análise organizacional, investigou a gestão de pessoas dentro de unidades com estruturas organizacionais remotas (i.e., longe dos centros urbanos) e não remotas da PETROBRAS – Petróleo Brasileiro S/A. A pesquisa foi realizada em três plataformas marítimas, três bases e na unidade operacional da selva Amazônica, envolvendo 31 respondentes, entre diretores, gerentes, profissionais de RH, supervisores e coordenadores. Esses respondentes são representativos para o nível de análise escolhido, bem como para a estratégia de pesquisa. Seu foco esteve voltado para dois problemas principais, considerados igualmente relevantes: Como gerenciar pessoas em unidades distantes das principais sedes da organização? Como gerenciar essas pessoas de modo a assegurar os objetivos estratégicos de atrair, desenvolver e reter o capital humano valorizado nessas unidades? A coleta dos dados primários foi feita por meio de entrevistas em profundidade e observações; a dos dados secundários, por meio de análise de documentos. Trabalhou-se com as estratégias das análises de conteúdo, documental e reflexiva. Seus resultados indicaram as especificidades de políticas e práticas de gestão de pessoas, oriundas das estratégias de atração, desenvolvimento e retenção de profissionais nessas unidades, especificidades essas que representam contribuição para a área de gestão de pessoas. DOI:10.5585/riae.v12i4.204

A review of the hexacreusia species complex: eastern pacific coral barnacles (cirripedia, balanomorpha)

Hexacreusia Zullo, 1961, previously assigned to the Pyrgomatidae is herein formally reassigned to the Archaeobalanidae. Re-examination of certain specimens of Hexacreusia from San Esteban Island within the Gulf of California, Mexico has revealed that in addition to H. durhami Zullo, 1961 there is a second species present, for which we propose H. puritanae sp.nov. The Galapagan species, H. straeleni Zullo Beach, 1973, differs in general form, manner of growth and type of host from the mainland forms of Hexacreusia and is assigned to a new genus, Zulloana

Erratum: Systematics and biogeography of Tropical Eastern Pacific Chthamalus with descriptions of two new species (Cirripedia, Thoracica). Zootaxa 1574: 1–30 (2007)

We report a lapsus calami in our explanation of the etymology of the name Chthamalus southwardorum sp. nov. in Pitombo Burton 2007

Erratum: Systematics and biogeography of Tropical Eastern Pacific Chthamalus with descriptions of two new species (Cirripedia, Thoracica). Zootaxa 1574: 1-30 (2007).

We report a lapsus calami in our explanation of the etymology of the name Chthamalus southwardorum sp. nov. in Pitombo Burton 2007

A "shallow phylogeny" of shallow barnacles (chthamalus).

BACKGROUND:We present a multi-locus phylogenetic analysis of the shallow water (high intertidal) barnacle genus Chthamalus, focusing on member species in the western hemisphere. Understanding the phylogeny of this group improves interpretation of classical ecological work on competition, distributional changes associated with climate change, and the morphological evolution of complex cirripede phenotypes. METHODOLOGY AND FINDINGS:We use traditional and Bayesian phylogenetic and 'deep coalescent' approaches to identify a phylogeny that supports the monophyly of the mostly American 'fissus group' of Chthamalus, but that also supports a need for taxonomic revision of Chthamalus and Microeuraphia. Two deep phylogeographic breaks were also found within the range of two tropical American taxa (C. angustitergum and C. southwardorum) as well. CONCLUSIONS:Our data, which include two novel gene regions for phylogenetic analysis of cirripedes, suggest that much more evaluation of the morphological evolutionary history and taxonomy of Chthamalid barnacles is necessary. These data and associated analyses also indicate that the radiation of species in the late Pliocene and Pleistocene was very rapid, and may provide new insights toward speciation via transient allopatry or ecological barriers

Influence of Non-Lignocellulosic Elements on the Combustion of Treated Wood and Wooden Panel

Brazil stands out internationally in the production and commercialization of wood products. Although the external and internal demand for these products is met by the Brazilian forestry sector, challenges related to the internal management of lignocellulosic waste are evident, as the country has structural difficulties in the sector of solid waste management. Therefore, the objective was to comparatively analyze the performance of the most abundant lignocellulosic materials in the Brazilian market, regarding energy recovery at the end of their life cycles. Pine wood treated with chromed copper arsenate (CCA), untreated pine wood, eucalypt wood treated with CCA, untreated eucalypt wood, uncoated medium density fiberboard panel (MDF), and MDF panel with melamine coating were sampled. The characterization included thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDXA), and elementary analysis (EA). The presence of the CCA salts and the melamine coating reduced the energy potential of the biomass, altering the burning behavior and significantly increasing the amount of generated ashes. They also caused an increase in the concentrations of copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), and cadmium (Cd) in the wood ashes as well as lead (Pb) and chromium in the panel ashes