Coping in Teams: Exploring Athletes’ Communal Coping Strategies to Deal With Shared Stressors

Although sport psychology research has mainly focused on stress and coping as intrapersonal processes, stressful circumstances are often experienced in social groups and coping emerges as a combination of individual and group effort (Tamminen and Gaudreau, 2014). Based on Lyons et al. (1998) model of communal coping, this study aimed to address the lack of knowledge about stress and coping as an interpersonal process, by exploring shared stressors and communal coping strategies within team sports. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 team sport athletes (seven males, three females; Mage = 26.3 years, SDage = 7.67, range 15–38) who participated in different team sports (football, rugby, volleyball, ice hockey, and basketball). Data were analyzed using an inductive thematic analytic procedure. The results revealed four themes of shared stressors involving issues relating to social pressure, relationships between teammates, performance, or logistics and organization; and four themes of communal coping, namely: problem-focused communal efforts, relationship-focused coping, communal management of emotions, and communal goal withdrawal. The results provided empirical support to the communal coping model (Lyons et al., 1998) and extend understanding of coping processes as defined initially by the CMRT of emotion (Lazarus, 1999, 2000a). This study provided unique insight into the nature of communal coping in sport and performance setting, and specifically, how stressors are apprehended in team sports and how athletes can collaborate to deal with shared stressors during competitive encounters

Development of a French Paper-and-Pencil Implicit Association Test to Measure Athletes’ Implicit Doping Attitude (IAT-Dop)

Although explicit measures of doping attitude are widely used, they are susceptible to bias due to social desirability. The current computerized measures of implicit attitudes are time-consuming and based on expensive software solutions. Recently, paper-and-pencil (p&p) Implicit Association Tests (IAT) have been developed, making it possible to test several participants simultaneously, anywhere, and with no need of computerized equipment and software. The present series of studies aimed at developing a French version of a p&p IAT to measure athletes’ attitudes toward doping (Chan et al., 2017): the IAT-Dop. Four studies, including 212 participants (Mage = 25.49, SD = 5.73), followed Bardin et al. (2016) and Boateng et al. (2018) validation recommendations: (a) development of a preliminary version of the IAT-Dop based on the proposal of Chan’s tool (2017), (b) dimensionality and criterion validity tests demonstrating the structure of the p&p version, (c) test-retest reliability, and (d) first approach to construct validity. The results showed that the IAT-Dop was able to measure implicit attitudes toward doping and was stable across time. Significant correlations between the computerized and p&p versions confirmed the construct validity. The p&p IAT-Dop showed several advantages over the computerized version (Lemm et al., 2008), including lower cost and ease of administration. By offering accurate measures and an easier, faster, and cheaper way to measure doping attitudes, this tool should contribute to the better assessment and understanding of the mechanisms related to doping, and it might be a useful new indicator in the evaluation of prevention programs

L’évaluation des risques psychosociaux dans l’accompagnement de l’insertion professionnelle des bénéficiaires du revenu de solidarité active : contribution interdisciplinaire en psychologie du travail et de la santé

This article examines a method of evaluating psychosocial risk (PSR) based on Karasek’s model by taking into account the subject at work in the assessment of psychological health risk factors. The case under study concerns the introduction of a quality approach and its impact on women who work in the employment assistance sector and who accompany earned income supplement (EIS) recipients in their search for gainful employment. Using ergonomic analysis of work situations and activities, this longitudinal study of the real work activities of these employees provides insight into the multifactorial generation of work stress linked to seemingly “irrelevant” management decisions. The results also document the deleterious effects of a loss of the power to act and of a lack of discussion concerning the criteria for well-done work. Possible applications for these results in primary prevention are proposed

Coping in Teams: Exploring Athletes’ Communal Coping Strategies to Deal With Shared Stressors

International audienceAlthough sport psychology research has mainly focused on stress and coping as intrapersonal processes, stressful circumstances are often experienced in social groups and coping emerges as a combination of individual and group effort (Tamminen and Gaudreau, 2014). Based on Lyons et al. (1998) model of communal coping, this study aimed to address the lack of knowledge about stress and coping as an interpersonal process, by exploring shared stressors and communal coping strategies within team sports. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 team sport athletes (seven males, three females; M age = 26.3 years, SD age = 7.67, range 15-38) who participated in different team sports (football, rugby, volleyball, ice hockey, and basketball). Data were analyzed using an inductive thematic analytic procedure. The results revealed four themes of shared stressors involving issues relating to social pressure, relationships between teammates, performance, or logistics and organization; and four themes of communal coping, namely: problem-focused communal efforts, relationship-focused coping, communal management of emotions, and communal goal withdrawal. The results provided empirical support to the communal coping model (Lyons et al., 1998) and extend understanding of coping processes as defined initially by the CMRT of emotion (Lazarus, 1999, 2000a). This study provided unique insight into the nature of communal coping in sport and performance setting, and specifically, how stressors are apprehended in team sports and how athletes can collaborate to deal with shared stressors during competitive encounters

Effects and Acceptability of Technology-Based Physical Activity Interventions in Bariatric Surgery: a Scoping Review

International audienc

Pénibilité au travail en milieu scolaire, stratégie de faire face et stratégie de défense chez les enseignants débutants : un autre regard sur les éléments contributifs d’une vulnérabilité au phénomène de décrochage professionnel

Cet article porte sur la pénibilité au travail en milieu scolaire dans l’enseignement secondaire en France. À partir de présupposés issus d’une approche transactionnelle du stress et d’une psychodynamique du travail son originalité est d’en documenter la complémentarité pour analyser les facteurs contributifs de cette pénibilité et pour comprendre les stratégies d’ajustement et les mécanismes individuels de défense déployés par les enseignants débutants confrontés aux situations aversives perçues et vécues au cours de leur première année en poste. Les recommandations et les pistes suggérées portent sur la prévention primaire des risques psychosociaux en milieu scolaire et visent à permettre aux enseignants débutants de disposer de ressources à l’issue de leur formation à l’université limitant leur risque de décrochage professionnel.This article considers the factors that contribute to the psychosocial arduousness of teaching in France, with a focus on preservice teachers and the strategies they deploy during their first year of work. Within the theoretical framework of the social psychology of health and a psychodynamic approach to work, this study offers an original view of the relationship between coping strategies, defense mechanisms and professional attrition. Proposals are made to reduce attrition through the primary prevention of psychosocial risks during the first school assignment via continuing teacher education, in addition to the resources available at the end of initial education at the universityEste artículo se centra en las dificultades laborales en medio escolar en las escuelas de educación secundaria en Francia. A partir del enfoque transaccional del estrés y de la psicodinámica del trabajo, su originalidad reside en documentar la complementariedad en el análisis de los factores que contribuyen a esta dificultad laboral y para entender estrategias de ajuste y mecanismos individuales de defensa puestos en práctica por los profesores novicios enfrentados a situaciones adversas percibidas y experimentadas durante su primer año en función. Las recomendaciones y las pistas sugeridas están centradas en la prevención primaria de los riesgos psicosociales en medio escolar y están diseñadas para permitir que los nuevos maestros dispongan de recursos al término su formación universitaria lo que limitaría su riesgo de deserción profesional

Using a socioecological approach to explore healthy lifestyle in elite sport: a qualitative study of French athletes’, coaches’, and managers’ perspectives

Elite athletes are continually subjected to a range of constraints specific to high performance, and these can have a negative impact on their health. Although many studies have explored the individual factors related to risky behaviours and disorders in elite sport contexts, few have focused on health promotion. Consequently, the interpersonal, institutional, and policy factors of the health-related behaviours of elite athletes are still poorly explored. Based on the socioecological model, this study aimed to identify the factors involved in the health-related lifestyle of elite athletes. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 45 participants: athletes (N = 32), their coaches (N = 6) and the managers of elite sport centres (N = 7). Both deductive and inductive thematic analyses were performed. Our results highlight the views of the actors. Regarding intrapersonal factors, resilience qualities and health literacy appeared as key factors in influencing the health-related lifestyle of elite athletes. At the interpersonal level, parents and coaches emerged as the main sources of educational support. Regarding institutional factors, the health policies of the elite sport centres were key factors in supporting the athletes’ healthy lifestyle. These results encourage the development of health promotion programs at different levels of intervention

Big Five Personality Traits and Eating Attitudes in Intensively Training Dancers: The Mediating Role of Internalized Thinness Norms

Dancers are at high risk of developing disordered eating attitudes, notably because of internalized thinness norms. Although the big five personality traits have been shown to be associated with eating attitudes in daily life, in dancers where eating issues and thinness norms internalization could be salient little is known about these associations and the role of the internalization of thinness norms in this relationship. The main objectives of this study were thus to examine the relationships between the personality traits defined in the big five model and the self-regulation of eating attitudes, and to assess the role of internalized thinness norms in this association. The study included 180 intensively training dancers with an average age of 15.6 years (SD = 2.8). Dancers completed questionnaires measuring the big five personality traits, internalization of thinness norms and self-regulation of eating attitudes in sport. Bootstrapped mediation analyses showed that neuroticism was negatively associated with self-regulation of eating attitudes, both directly and indirectly through the mediating role of internalized thinness norms. This study suggested that: (a) neuroticism is a vulnerability factor for self-regulation of eating attitudes in dancers, as already evidenced in the general population, and (b) the internalization of thinness norms is a pathway through which neuroticism affects self-regulation of eating attitudes. The big five model is therefore partially related to the internalization of thinness norms and eating attitudes in dancers

Adjustment indices of the different structural equation modeling analyses.

<p>Adjustment indices of the different structural equation modeling analyses.</p