A uracil nitroso amine based colorimetric sensor for the detection of Cu²⁺ ions from aqueous environment and its practical applications

A simple uracil nitroso amine based colorimetric chemosensor (UNA-1) has been synthesized and screened for its cation recognition ability. Sensor UNA-1 exhibited a high sensitivity and selectivity towards Cu²⁺ ions in aqueous medium in the presence of a wide range of other competing cations (Ag⁺, Al³⁺, Ba²⁺+, Ca²⁺, Cd²⁺, Co²⁺, Cr³⁺, Cs⁺, Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺, Li⁺, Mg²⁺, Mn²⁺, Na⁺, Ni²⁺, Pb²⁺, Zn²⁺, Hg²⁺ and Sr²⁺). With Cu²⁺, the sensor UNA-1 gave a distinct color change from colorless to dark yellow by forming a complex of 1:1 stoichiometry. Furthermore, sensor UNA-1 was successfully utilized in the preparation of test strips and supported silica for the detection of Cu²⁺ ions from aqueous environment

Water Saving in the Yellow River Basin, China. 2. Assessing the Potential for Improving Basin Irrigation

Rosana G. Moreira, Editor-in-Chief; Texas A&M UniversityThis is a Technical Paper from International Commission of Agricultural Engineering (CIGR, Commission Internationale du Genie Rural) E-Journal Volume 5 (2003): M. Fabiao, J. Gonclaves, L. Pereira, A. Campos, Y. Liu, Y. Li, Z. Mao, and B. Dong. Water Saving in the Yellow River Basin, China. 2. Assessing the Potential for Improving Basin Irrigation. Vol. V. July 2003

Water Saving in the Yellow River Basin, China. 1. Irrigation Demand Scheduling

Rosana G. Moreira, Editor-in-Chief; Texas A&M UniversityThis is a Technical Paper from International Commission of Agricultural Engineering (CIGR, Commission Internationale du Genie Rural) E-Journal Volume 5 (2003): A. Campos, L. Pereira, J. Gonclaves, M. Fabiao, Y. Liu, Y. Li, Z. Mao, and B. Dong. Water Saving in the Yellow River Basin, China. 1. Irrigation Demand Scheduling. Vol. V. July 2003

Chemosensor for micro to nano-molar detection of Ag+ and Hg2+ ions in pure aqueous media and its applications in cell imaging

The pyridine substituted thiourea derivative PTB-1 was synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic techniques as well as by single crystal X-ray crystallography. The metal ion sensing ability of PTB-1 was explored by various experimental (naked-eye, UV-Vis, fluorescence, mass spectrometry and 1H NMR spectroscopy) and theoretical (B3LYP/6-31G**/LANL2DZ) methods. PTB-1 exhibited a highly selective naked-eye detectable color change from colorless to dark brown and UV-Vis spectral changes for the detection of Ag+ with a detection limit of 3.67 µM in aqueous medium. The detection of Ag+ ions was achieved by test paper strip and supported silica methods. In contrast, PTB-1 exhibited a 23-fold enhanced emission at 420 nm in the presence of Hg2+ ions with a nano-molar detection limit of 0.69 nM. Finally, the sensor PTB-1 was applied successfully for the intracellular detection of Hg2+ ions in a HepG2 liver cell line, which was monitored by use of confocal imaging techniques

Wood consumption and analysis of the bread baking process in wood-fired bakery ovens

Combustion of biomass in small-scale furnaces is used widely in different applications. The technology used is often "fixed grate" combustion in small batch furnaces. The efficiency of such a furnace is often low, which results in a high environmental impact. The aim of this work was to analyse the performance of the existing wood-fired bakery ovens that can be used to improve the efficiency. The data collected from 15 semi-direct and 3 indirect bakeries consisted of: the dimensions of the oven, the temperature profiles of the combustion chamber and the baking oven, the baking time and the bread quality. It was found that as much as 60 tons/day of green wood are consumed in the bread baking process in the area investigated. Two types of bakery ovens are used most commonly: indirect and semi-direct. The specific consumption was found to be 0.55 and 0.90 kg of wood per kg of wheat flour baked for the indirect and the semi-direct respectively. The analyses of the bread baked show that the variation of the temperature profile during the baking process influences the quality of the bread produced

A uracil nitroso amine based colorimetric sensor for the detection of Cu2+ ions from aqueous environment and its practical applications

A simple uracil nitroso amine based colorimetric chemosensor (UNA-1) has been synthesized and screened for its cation recognition ability. Sensor UNA-1 exhibited a high sensitivity and selectivity towards Cu2+ ions in aqueous medium in the presence of a wide range of other competing cations (Ag+, Al3+, Ba2+, Ca2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Cr3+, Cs+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Li+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Na+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, Hg2+ and Sr2+). With Cu2+, the sensor UNA-1 gave a distinct color change from colorless to dark yellow by forming a complex of 1 : 1 stoichiometry. Furthermore, sensor UNA-1 was successfully utilized in the preparation of test strips and supported silica for the detection of Cu2+ ions from aqueous environment.A simple uracil nitroso amine based colorimetric chemosensor (UNA-1) has been synthesized and screened for its cation recognition ability. Sensor UNA-1 exhibited a high sensitivity and selectivity towards Cu2+ ions in aqueous medium in the presence of a wide range of other competing cations (Ag+, Al3+, Ba2+, Ca2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Cr3+, Cs+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Li+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Na+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, Hg2+ and Sr2+). With Cu2+, the sensor UNA-1 gave a distinct color change from colorless to dark yellow by forming a complex of 1 : 1 stoichiometry. Furthermore, sensor UNA-1 was successfully utilized in the preparation of test strips and supported silica for the detection of Cu2+ ions from aqueous environment