Use of physiological parameters to assess seedlings quality of Eugenia dysenterica DC. grown in different substrates

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality and photosynthetic metabolism of Eugenia dysenterica DC. seedlings grown in different substrates. The seed were sown in the following substrates: MecPlant (MP), rice husks (RH), subsoil (SB), fine vermiculite (FV), coarse sand (CS), tanned cattle manure (CM), decomposed corn silage (CS), and soil collected from around parent plants (SN). The volume-based substrates were formulated as follows: MP+RH (7:3), SB+FV+RH (1:2:2), SB+FV+RH (1:1:1), SB+FV+CS (1:3:6) SB+CS+CM (2:2:1), and SN. After 127 days, the seedlings were evaluated according to their emergence and vigor, biometric characteristics, leaf area (cm 2 ), Dickson Quality Index (DQI), stomata conductance (mol m -2 s -1 ), transpiration rate (mmol m -2 s -1 ), photosynthesis (µmol m -2 s -1 ) and leaf mineral nutrient levels. Overall, the SB+CS+CM substrate resulted in higher values for all of the characteristics analyzed, except for the leaf nutrient levels. However, in total, this substrate also resulted in high content of minerals in plant. Likewise, the SB+FV+CS substrate showed the second higher content of nutrients. Based on the results of this study, we concluded that tanned cattle manure and decomposed corn silage resulted in the best Eugenia dysenterica seedling quality

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

Background Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide.Methods A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study-a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital.Findings Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.85 [95% CI 2.58-5.75]; p<0.0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63.0% vs 82.7%; OR 0.35 [0.23-0.53]; p<0.0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer.Interpretation Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised

Antiretroviral Drug Resistance in a Respondent-Driven Sample of HIV-Infected Men Who Have Sex With Men in Brazil

Background: There are few studies on HIV subtypes and primary and secondary antiretroviral drug resistance (ADR) in community-recruited samples in Brazil. We analyzed HIV clade diversity and prevalence of mutations associated with ADR in men who have sex with men in all five regions of Brazil.Methods: Using respondent-driven sampling, we recruited 3515 men who have sex with men in nine cities: 299 (9.5%) were HIV-positive; 143 subjects had adequate genotyping and epidemiologic data. Forty-four (30.8%) subjects were antiretroviral therapy-experienced (AE) and 99 (69.2%) antiretroviral therapy-naive (AN). We sequenced the reverse transcriptase and protease regions of the virus and analyzed them for drug resistant mutations using World Health Organization guidelines.Results: the most common subtypes were B (81.8%), C (7.7%), and recombinant forms (6.9%). the overall prevalence of primary ADR resistance was 21.4% (i.e. among the AN) and secondary ADR was 35.8% (i.e. among the AE). the prevalence of resistance to protease inhibitors was 3.9% (AN) and 4.4% (AE); to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors 15.0% (AN) and 31.0% (AE) and to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors 5.5% (AN) and 13.2% (AE). the most common resistance mutation for nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors was 184V (17 cases) and for nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors 103N (16 cases).Conclusions: Our data suggest a high level of both primary and secondary ADR in men who have sex with men in Brazil. Additional studies are needed to identify the correlates and causes of antiretroviral therapy resistance to limit the development of resistance among those in care and the transmission of resistant strains in the wider epidemic.Ministry of Health/Secretariat of Health Surveillance/Department of STD, AIDS and Viral Hepatitis through Brazilian GovernmentMinistry of Health/Secretariat of Health Surveillance/Department of STD, AIDS and Viral Hepatitis through United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime-UNODCDepartment of STD, AIDS and Viral Hepatitis of the Ministry of HealthFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Univ Fed Ceara, Dept Saude Comunitaria, BR-60430971 Fortaleza, Ceara, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilTulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, New Orleans, LA USAUniv Fed Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUniv Fed Bahia, Inst Saude Colet, BR-41170290 Salvador, BA, BrazilUniv Fed Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilUniv Brasilia, BR-70910900 Brasilia, DF, BrazilUniv Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USAUniv São Paulo, LIM 03, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilMinistry of Health/Secretariat of Health Surveillance/Department of STD, AIDS and Viral Hepatitis through Brazilian Government: AD/BRA/03/H34Ministry of Health/Secretariat of Health Surveillance/Department of STD, AIDS and Viral Hepatitis through United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime-UNODC: AD/BRA/03/H34Department of STD, AIDS and Viral Hepatitis of the Ministry of Health: CSV 234/07FAPESP: 2004/15856-9CAPES: BEX 3495/06-0Web of Scienc

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data