Albendazole Solid Dispersions: Influence of Dissolution Medium Composition on In Vitro Drug Release

The rate-limiting step to drug absorption is often dissolution from the dosage form, especially for poorly soluble com-pounds. Two possibilities for improving the dissolution of these drugs are to increase the available surface area and to im-prove their apparent solubilities under physiologically relevant conditions with surfactants as wetting agents. Albendazole (ABZ), one of the most effective broad-spectrum antihelminthic agents, has a very low aqueous solubility, which leads to an erratic availability. Solid dispersions (SD) with different amounts of carriers (P188 and PEG6000) were formulated to improve the ABZ dissolution rate. When the dissolution test is used to infer biopharmaceutical properties of the dosage form, it is es-sential that the method simulates the gastrointestinal conditions. The objective of this study was to examine the applicabil-ity of different dissolution media to the evaluation of ABZ and ABZ-SD dissolution rates. Dissolution profiles were performed by the official method (0.1 N HCl) and Simulated Gastric Fluid modified with a surfactant. Wetting was evaluated through the determination of surface tension and contact angle of the solutions. The dissolution rate of ABZ was clearly affected by the variables assessed in this study. These results have implications in the design of physiologically based dissolution media.Fil: González Vidal, Noelia Luján. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Cátedra de Control de Calidad de Medicamentos; ArgentinaFil: Castro, Silvina Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica; ArgentinaFil: Sanchez Bruni, Sergio Fabian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Fisiopatología. Laboratorio de Farmacología; ArgentinaFil: Allemandi, Daniel Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica; ArgentinaFil: Palma, Santiago Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica; Argentin

Ejercicio de la parentalidad en padres o cuidadores en situación de desplazamiento forzado

El objetivo general fue describir las consecuencias que el factor social del desplazamiento forzado ha tenido para el ejercicio de la parentalidad en un grupo de familias que llegan a la ciudad de Cali. Se propone una metodología de investigación cualitativa en la que se plantea la aplicación de encuentros conversacionales, dándole relevancia a sus elaboraciones narrativas, como una forma de indagar de manera flexible, que permita hacer un acercamiento a las condiciones estructurales y funcionales que determinan la forma en que se ejerce la parentalidad en padres o cuidadores de niños y niñas en condición desplazamiento forzado. El instrumento principal se sustentó en entrevista semi-estructura con herramienta de apoyo basado en la Línea de vida o de tiempo, lo que da respuesta a la ubicación comparativa de los hechos y de la reconfiguración posterior al motivo del desplazamiento, la cual se apoyó en técnicas de recolección de datos como Guía de caracterización y estructura familiar (familiograma antes y después) Guía de Observación – visita en el medio Habitacional. En los resultados se pudo notar que el discurso de las 6 familias se encontraba cargado de sentimientos y a pesar de haber sufrido el desplazamiento forzado causado por el conflicto armado que se vive en Colombia, desarrollaron una serie de movimientos adaptativos que les permitió reajustar la forma en que ejercían las funciones propias de su rol, dando muestras de competencias parentales que les permitió configurarse como familias auto protectoras y resilientes, que establecen relaciones armónicas. Se considera importante tener en cuenta la necesidad de que los estudios acerca del desplazamiento forzado trasciendan a la búsqueda de generamiento de modelos que apoyen “el renacer de las familias”, donde la seguridad no están en los bienes materiales sino en la fortaleza de las redes, de los procesos psicosociales individuales y familiares, que beneficien la reconfiguración familiar y su reunificación.The general objective was to describe the consequences that the social factor of forced displacement has had for the exercise of parenthood in a group of families that arrive in the city of Cali. A qualitative research methodology is proposed in which the application of conversational encounters is proposed, giving relevance to its narrative elaborations, as a way of investigating in a flexible way, allowing to approach the structural and functional conditions that determine the way in which that parenthood is exercised in parents or caregivers of children in forced displacement condition. The main instrument was based on a semi-structured interview with a support tool based on the Line of Life or Time Line, which responds to the comparative location of the facts and the reconfiguration after the forced displacement, which supported data collection techniques such as characterization guide and family structure (before and after family), Observation Guide - visit in the habitat environment. In the results it can be concluded that the discourse of the 6 families was full of feelings and despite having suffered the forced displacement caused by the armed conflict that is lived in Colombia, they developed a series of adaptive movements that allowed them to readjust the way They exercised the functions of their role, giving samples of parental skills that allowed them to become self-protective and resilient families, which establish harmonious relationships. It is considered important to take into account the need for studies about forced displacement to go beyond the search for the generation of models that support "the rebirth of families", where security is not found in material goods but in the strength of support networks, individual and family psychosocial processes, that benefit family reconfiguration and reunification

Bacterial antagonist mediated protein molecules

Bacterial antagonism mediated by ribosomally synthesised peptides has gained considerable attention in recent years because of its potential applications in the control of undesirable microbiota. These peptides, generally referred to as bacteriocins, are defined as a heterogeneous group of ribosomally synthesised, proteinaceous substances (with or without further modifications) extracellularly secreted by many Gram-positive and some Gram-negative bacteria. Their mode of activity is primarily bactericidal and directed against closely related strains and species. These peptides are nearly all cationic and very often amphyphilic, which is reflected in the fact that many of these peptides kill their target cells by accumulation in the membrane causing increasing permeability and loss of barrier functions . Bacteriocins have been explored primarily as natural food preservatives, but there is much interest in exploring the application of these therapeutic peptides as antimicrobial agents since many of them exhibit antimicrobial activity against various important human pathogens.The suitability of bacteriocins such as pharmaceuticals is explored through measures of cytotoxicity, effects on the natural microbiota, and in vivo efficacy in mouse models. Bacteriocins are promising therapeutic agents.Fil: Urbizu, Lucia Paola. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Fisiopatología. Laboratorio de Farmacología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tandil. Centro de Investigacion Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Sparo, Mónica Delfina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Fisiopatología. Laboratorio de Farmacología; ArgentinaFil: Sanchez Bruni, Sergio Fabian. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Fisiopatología. Laboratorio de Farmacología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tandil. Centro de Investigacion Veterinaria de Tandil; Argentin

Enrofloxacin-based therapeutic strategy for the prevention of endometritis in susceptible mares

Enrofloxacin (EFX) is often used empirically to prevent uterine infections in mares in order to improve efficiency on Commercial Embryo Transfer Farms. This study investigated the uterine distribution of EFX and its metabolite ciprofloxacin (CFX) in mares and assessed the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of EFX against various common pathogens as a basis for establishing a rational dosing schedule. Plasma and uterine pharmacokinetic (PK) studies were performed in two groups (n = 5) of healthy mares following intravenous (i.v.) administration of EFX at either 2.5 and at 5 mg/kg bodyweight. Plasma and endometrial tissue samples, taken before for up to 48 h after treatment were analysed by Reverse Phase HPLC. MIC values for wild strains of Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive bacteria (β-haemolytic streptococci) ranged from 0.25-2 and 1.5-3.0 μg/mL respectively. In terms of tissue distribution, the sum of the endometrial concentrations of the parent drug (EFX) and its active metabolite (CFX) (in terms of AUC), exceeded those in plasma by 249% and 941% following administration of EFX at 2.5 and 5 mg/kg respectively. After i.v. treatment with EFX at 5 mg/kg, endometrial concentrations of EFX and CFX above the MIC value were detected for 36-48 and 22-43 h posttreatment for Gram-negative and -positive isolates respectively. Concentrations above MIC were maintained for much shorter periods at the lower (2.5 mg/kg) treatment dose. Based on these results, a conventional dose (5 mg/kg) of EFX given prebreeding followed by two further doses at 36-48 h postbreeding are proposed as a rational strategy for using of EFX as a preventative therapy against a variety of common bacterial strains associated with equine endometritis.Fil: González, C. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Fisiopatología. Laboratorio de Farmacología; ArgentinaFil: Moreno, L.. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Fisiopatología. Laboratorio de Farmacología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Fumuso, E..Fil: García, J..Fil: Rivulgo, M..Fil: Confalonieri, A..Fil: Sparo, M..Fil: Sánchez Bruni, S.

Environmental Impact of Natural and Synthetic Astaxanthin Pigments using Life Cycle Assessment

The growing demand for fish and the development of the industry raise concerns about environmental impact. As fish production increases, so does the consumption of fish feed. One of the ingredients in fish feed is pigment, which improves the nutritional value and visual appearance of the product, increasing their marketability. Astaxanthin is a red pigment that also has high antioxidant activity. Natural pigment from microalgae or synthetic pigment may be used in feed. The advantage of natural pigment from microalgae is ecological benefits, as the microalgae culture can sequester carbon and release oxygen. The advantage of synthetic pigment is the economic aspect. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method was used to determine the environmental impact of natural and synthetic pigments. The results obtained from the LCA are expressed according to the impact categories defined by the Product Environmental Footprint Category Rules (PEFCR). Sensitivity analysis was performed for natural pigment, and changes were made only to electricity – electricity is produced by hydropower in Norway, or a country mix from Norway was used. Total single score value for natural pigment is 6.85E+01 mPt, and the largest impact is from preparation of the culture medium phase – from sodium nitrate and magnesium sulfate. Sensitivity analysis results for electricity from a country mix is 4.50E+02 mPt. Total single score value for synthetic pigment is 1.07E-01 mPt. The largest impact is from methanol and electricity consumption. Synthetic pigments have a lower environmental impact than natural pigments; however, a sensitivity analysis shows that the environmental impact can be reduced by choosing an alternative to electricity. It should be noted that the comparison presented reflects a general comparison of alternatives, as the input data is derived from a literature review

Life Cycle Assessment of Black Soldier Fly, Yellow Mealworm and Soybean Protein for Use in Fish Feed

As the consumption of fish in the human diet increases, a larger amount of production is needed. The growing demand for fish also has an impact on fish feed, its production efficiency and the sustainability of using raw materials. To evaluate the sustainability of raw materials and the impact on the environment, three protein alternatives are compared – black soldier fly, yellow mealworm and soybean. Each alternative has advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of black soldier fly and yellow mealworm are a valuable source of protein, sustainable growth (as feed can be used for food waste) and no need for arable land. Disadvantages of black soldier fly and yellow mealworm are price, an unbalanced diet can negatively affect growth, and nutritional value effect on the fish vary depending on fly or mealworm species. The advantages of soybeans are price, availability and high protein content, but the disadvantages are a lack of essential amino acids that affect the quality of fish and poor palatability. An LCA study has been carried out for the black soldier fly, yellow mealworm and soybean protein. From PEFCR most relevant impact categories are climate change, particulate matter, acidification, land use, eutrophication terrestrial and water use. The total single score value for black soldier fly protein is 1.43E+01 μPt, for yellow mealworm protein is 3.89E+02 μPt and for soybean protein is 9.72E+01 μPt. Large impact is from electricity consumption, used components for feed. Sensitivity analysis was performed for black soldier fly protein and yellow mealworm protein production, where feed composition was changed. In sensitivity analysis environmental impact is less from the new feed structure. The reason might be that the new feed structure has used food waste and wheat as feed ingredients

Onboarding in Open Source Software Projects: A Preliminary Analysis

Nowadays, many software projects are partially or completely open-source based. There is an increasing need for companies to participate in open-source software (OSS) projects, e.g., in order to benefit from open source ecosystems. OSS projects introduce particular challenges that have to be understood in order to gain the benefits. One such challenge is getting newcom- ers onboard into the projects effectively. Similar challenges may be present in other self-organised, virtual team environments. In this paper we present preliminary observations and results of in-progress research that studies the process of onboarding into virtual OSS teams. The study is based on a program created and conceived at Stanford University in conjunction with Facebook’s Education Modernization program. It involves the collaboration of more than a dozen international universities and nine open source projects. More than 120 students participated in 2013. The students have been introduced to and supported by mentors experienced in the participating OSS projects. Our findings indicate that mentoring is an important factor for effective onboarding in OSS projects, promoting cohesion within distributed teams and maintaining an appropriate pace.Peer reviewe

Liderazgo directivo y gestión administrativa de las instituciones educativas de la Red 9 del distrito de la Victoria, Lima 2023

Han sido tiempos difíciles para nuestro país al sobrevivir ante esta Pandemia del Covid-19, con un cambio de gobierno y una crisis política, social y económica que nos ha obligado cambia nuestra forma de vida adoptando diversos estilos de liderazgo que resuelvan estas dificultades dentro del campo educativo; para lo cual esta investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación existente entre Liderazgo Directivo y Gestión Administrativa de las instituciones educativas de la Red 9 del distrito de la Victoria, Lima 2023. El enfoque utilizado fue el cuantitativo, se utilizó el diseño descriptivo correlacional. La muestra obtenida fue de 94 docentes de educación básica regular del nivel secundaria, seleccionados por muestreo probabilístico, con la ayuda del instrumento encuesta determinados con datos cuantitativos, que obtuvo el grado de confiabilidad excelente de 0, 941 en la prueba de Alfa de Cronbach. Los resultados indican el grado de correlación significativa correlación positiva considerable con un coeficiente de correlación de Rho de Spearman (rho = 0, 471; Sig. = 0,000) entre las variables. El resultado es estadísticamente significativo al nivel de p<0,05; por lo tanto, las dos variables están correlacionadas positivamente. En conclusión, el estudio contribuye en la gestión administrativa sobre Liderazgo Democrático, Liderazgo Transaccional, Liderazgo Participativo y Liderazgo Carismático