Ranges of operators and Derivatives

[EN] We show a unified method of proving the existence of C(1)-Frechet smooth and Lipschitz mappings which are surjective or whose range of the derivative contains the whole dual unit ball. As an application, under Martin's Maximum axiom, we obtain a complete result for those spaces with density character omega(1). (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Research supported by Project MTM2008-05396 and the Universidad Politecnica de Valencia. Research supported by the grants A100190502, IAA 100190801 and Inst. Research Plan AV0Z10190503. Research supported by Project MTM2008-03211 and the Universidad Politecnica de Valencia.Guirao Sánchez, AJ.; Hájek, P.; Montesinos Santalucia, V. (2010). Ranges of operators and Derivatives. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications. 367(1):29-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmaa.2009.12.010S2933367

Fe/SBA-15: Characterization and its application to a heterogeneous solar photo-Fenton process in order to decolorize and mineralize an azo dye

Fe/SBA-15 catalyst with different iron (Fe) loads (6% and 10% wt.) was synthesized via incipient wetness impregnation. The potential photocatalytic properties were tested using solar radiation, as a novel catalyst in heterogeneous Fenton approach to degrade Methyl Orange azo dye. A partial pore blocking of the substrate by Fe nanoparticles was detected and the main form of Fe present was Fe2O3. When the Fe(10%)/SBA-15 catalyst was used for heterogeneous solar photo-Fenton reaction, total discoloration of the effluent was achieved in 90 min, and 89% of COD was removed in 240 min. Short-chain linear carboxylic acids were followed over time, as well as inorganic ions.Fil: Arroyo Gómez, José Joaquín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich". Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich"; ArgentinaFil: Toncón Leal, Cristian Fabian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich". Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich"; ArgentinaFil: dos Santos, A.J.. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte; BrasilFil: Moreno, Mario S.. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Centro Atómico Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Sapag, Manuel Karim. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich". Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich"; ArgentinaFil: Martínez Huitle, C. A.. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte; Brasi

Measuring Black Hole Spin using X-ray Reflection Spectroscopy

I review the current status of X-ray reflection (a.k.a. broad iron line) based black hole spin measurements. This is a powerful technique that allows us to measure robust black hole spins across the mass range, from the stellar-mass black holes in X-ray binaries to the supermassive black holes in active galactic nuclei. After describing the basic assumptions of this approach, I lay out the detailed methodology focusing on "best practices" that have been found necessary to obtain robust results. Reflecting my own biases, this review is slanted towards a discussion of supermassive black hole (SMBH) spin in active galactic nuclei (AGN). Pulling together all of the available XMM-Newton and Suzaku results from the literature that satisfy objective quality control criteria, it is clear that a large fraction of SMBHs are rapidly-spinning, although there are tentative hints of a more slowly spinning population at high (M>5*10^7Msun) and low (M<2*10^6Msun) mass. I also engage in a brief review of the spins of stellar-mass black holes in X-ray binaries. In general, reflection-based and continuum-fitting based spin measures are in agreement, although there remain two objects (GROJ1655-40 and 4U1543-475) for which that is not true. I end this review by discussing the exciting frontier of relativistic reverberation, particularly the discovery of broad iron line reverberation in XMM-Newton data for the Seyfert galaxies NGC4151, NGC7314 and MCG-5-23-16. As well as confirming the basic paradigm of relativistic disk reflection, this detection of reverberation demonstrates that future large-area X-ray observatories such as LOFT will make tremendous progress in studies of strong gravity using relativistic reverberation in AGN.Comment: 19 pages. To appear in proceedings of the ISSI-Bern workshop on "The Physics of Accretion onto Black Holes" (8-12 Oct 2012). Revised version adds a missing source to Table 1 and Fig.6 (IRAS13224-3809) and corrects the referencing of the discovery of soft lags in 1H0707-495 (which were in fact first reported in Fabian et al. 2009

On a classical renorming construction of V. Klee

We further develop a classical geometric construction of V. Klee and show, typically, that if X is a nonreflexive Banach space with separable dual, then X admits an equivalent norm vertical bar . vertical bar which is Frechet differentiable, locally uniformly rotund, its dual norm vertical bar . vertical bar* is uniformly Gateaux differentiable, the weak* and the norm topologies coincide on the sphere of (X*, vertical bar . vertical bar*) and, yet, vertical bar . vertical bar* is not rotund. This proves (a stronger form of) a conjecture of V. Klee. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc.Supported in part by a grant AVOZ 101 905 03 and IAA 100190901 (Czech Republic).Guirao Sánchez, AJ.; Montesinos Santalucia, V.; Zizler, V. (2012). On a classical renorming construction of V. Klee. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications. 385(1):458-465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmaa.2011.06.059S458465385

A Bishop-Phelps-Bollobas Type Theorem for uniform algegras

This paper is devoted to showing that Asplund operators with range in a uniform Banach algebra have the Bishop¿Phelps¿Bollobas property, i.e., they are approximated by norm attaining Asplund operators at the same time that a point where the approximated operator almost attains its norm is approximated by a point at which the approximating operator attains it. To prove this result we use the weak*-to-norm fragmentability of weak*-compact subsets of the dual of Asplund spaces and we need to observe a Urysohn type result producing peak complex-valued functions in uniform algebras that are small outside a given open set and whose image is inside a Stolz region.This research was partially supported by MEC and FEDER projects MTM2008-05396 and MTM2011-25377. The research of the second author was also partially supported by Generalitat Valenciana (GV/2010/036), and by Universidad Politecnica de Valencia (project PAID-06-09-2829).Cascales, B.; Guirao Sánchez, AJ.; Kadets, V. (2013). A Bishop-Phelps-Bollobas Type Theorem for uniform algegras. Advances in Mathematics. 240:370-382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aim.2013.03.005S37038224

The fate of spinons in spontaneously dimerised spin-1/2 ladders

We study a weakly coupled, frustrated two-leg spin-1/2 Heisenberg ladder. For vanishing coupling between the chains, elementary excitations are deconfined, gapless spin-1/2 objects called spinons. We investigate the fate of spinons for the case of a weak interchain interaction. We show that despite a drastic change in ground state, which becomes spontaneously dimerised, spinons survive as elementary excitations but acquire a spectral gap. We furthermore determine the exact dynamical structure factor for several values of momentum transfer.Comment: 8 pages of revtex, 7 figures; discussion of physical picture for ground state and excitations in the "twistless" ladder expanded, version to appear in Phys Rev

Elastic electron deuteron scattering with consistent meson exchange and relativistic contributions of leading order

The influence of relativistic contributions to elastic electron deuteron scattering is studied systematically at low and intermediate momentum transfers ($Q^2\leq 30$ fm$^{-2}$). In a $(p/M)$-expansion, all leading order relativistic $\pi$-exchange contributions consistent with the Bonn OBEPQ models are included. In addition, static heavy meson exchange currents including boost terms and lowest order $\rho\pi\gamma$-currents are considered. Sizeable effects from the various relativistic two-body contributions, mainly from $\pi$-exchange, have been found in form factors, structure functions and the tensor polarization $T_{20}$. Furthermore, static properties, viz. magnetic dipole and charge quadrupole moments and the mean square charge radius are evaluated.Comment: 15 pages Latex including 5 figures, final version accepted for publication in Phys.Rev.C Details of changes: (i) The notation of the curves in Figs. 1 and 2 have been clarified with respect to left and right panels. (ii) In Figs. 3 and 4 an experimental point for T_20 has been added and a corresponding reference [48] (iii) At the end of the text we have added a paragraph concerning the quality of the Bonn OBEPQ potential

Low circulating concentrations of very long chain saturated fatty acids are associated with high risk of mortality in kidney transplant recipients

Kidney transplant recipients (KTR) are at increased risk of mortality, particularly from infectious diseases, due to lifelong immunosuppression. Although very long chain saturated fatty acids (VLSFA) have been identified as crucial for phagocytosis and clearance of infections, their association with mortality in immunocompromised patient groups has not been studied. In this prospective cohort study we included 680 outpatient KTR with a functional graft ≥1 year and 193 healthy controls. Plasma VLSFA (arachidonic acid (C20:0), behenic acid (C22:0) and lignoceric acid (C24:0)) were measured by gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector. Cox regression analyses was used to prospectively study the associations of VLSFA with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. All studied VLSFA were significantly lower in KTR compared to healthy controls (all p < 0.001). During a median (interquartile range) follow-up of 5.6 (5.2–6.3) years, 146 (21%) KTR died, of which 41 (28%) died due to infectious diseases. In KTR, C22:0 was inversely associated with risk of all-cause mortality, with a HR (95% CI) per 1-SD-increment of 0.79 (0.64–0.99), independent of adjustment for potential confounders. All studied VLSFA were particularly strongly associated with mortality from infectious causes, with respective HRs for C20:0, C22:0 and C24:0 of 0.53 (0.35–0.82), 0.48 (0.30–0.75), and 0.51 (0.33–0.80), independent of potential confounders. VLSFA are inversely associated with infectious disease mortality in KTR after adjustment, including HDL-cholesterol. Further studies are needed to assess the effect of VLSFA-containing foods on the risk of infectious diseases in immunocompromised patient groups

Atomic X-ray Spectroscopy of Accreting Black Holes

Current astrophysical research suggests that the most persistently luminous objects in the Universe are powered by the flow of matter through accretion disks onto black holes. Accretion disk systems are observed to emit copious radiation across the electromagnetic spectrum, each energy band providing access to rather distinct regimes of physical conditions and geometric scale. X-ray emission probes the innermost regions of the accretion disk, where relativistic effects prevail. While this has been known for decades, it also has been acknowledged that inferring physical conditions in the relativistic regime from the behavior of the X-ray continuum is problematic and not satisfactorily constraining. With the discovery in the 1990s of iron X-ray lines bearing signatures of relativistic distortion came the hope that such emission would more firmly constrain models of disk accretion near black holes, as well as provide observational criteria by which to test general relativity in the strong field limit. Here we provide an introduction to this phenomenon. While the presentation is intended to be primarily tutorial in nature, we aim also to acquaint the reader with trends in current research. To achieve these ends, we present the basic applications of general relativity that pertain to X-ray spectroscopic observations of black hole accretion disk systems, focusing on the Schwarzschild and Kerr solutions to the Einstein field equations. To this we add treatments of the fundamental concepts associated with the theoretical and modeling aspects of accretion disks, as well as relevant topics from observational and theoretical X-ray spectroscopy.Comment: 63 pages, 21 figures, Einstein Centennial Review Article, Canadian Journal of Physics, in pres