A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

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Root exudates and their molecular interactions with rhizospheric microbes

Biologically important plant-microbe interactions are mediated by a wide array of signal compounds rhizodeposited from both plant and microbial species. Root exudates are some of the potentially important low molecular weight compounds secreted from plant roots. They are involved in building a network of biointeractions through several physical, chemical, or biological interactions. Application of bioinoculums has significantly improved growth parameters and yield of many economically valued crops. Root exudates mediate the plant-microbe interactions by colonizing the roots and promoting root growth. Also, root exudates improve chemical and physical characteristics of the rhizospheric soil. Some of the beneficial plant-microbe associations include nitrogen fixation by rhizobium, symbiotic biointeractions with AM (arbuscular mycorrhizal) fungi, and PGPR (plant-growth-promoting Rhizobacteria). These interactions improve plant growth and quality, stress tolerance, and plant defense responses. Root exudates constitute a wide variety of secondary metabolite constituents that help plants to guard against microbial infections, insects, or herbivore attack. Root exudates secreted by plants act as antimicrobial agents to curb various harmful rhizospheric pathogens. In this chapter, we provide a summary of literatures on the significance of plant-microbe interactions in the improvement of plant morphological and biochemical features. Further, detailed information on various types of root exudates and their role in mediating plant-microbe interactions and possible exploration of root exudates as a novel antimicrobial compounds are also discussed

Morpho-physiological and micrographic characterization of maize hybrids under NaCl and Cd stress

A hydroponic experiment was conducted to investigate single and combined effects of 5 µmol/L Cd and 100 mM NaCl on growth, root morphology, photosynthetic parameters, leaf and root ultra-structure of two maize hybrids (26204 and 8441) differing in salt tolerance. A more pronounced reduction on growth, root morphology, SPAD value, chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf gas exchange indicated that 8441 was more sensitive than 26204 to both Cd and NaCl stresses. Transmission electron microscopy of 8441 revealed a more severe destruction in root and leaf cells as compared to 26204. The reduction in growth and photosynthetic parameters were associated with severe disorganization of nucleus, chloroplast, mitochondrial damage, vacuolation, and increased number and size of pastoglobuli. Interestingly, the combined stress of both NaCl and Cd had obvious beneficial effect on the plant growth, photosynthetic parameters and cell ultra-structure relative to Cd or Na stress alone in the two maize hybrids. The study suggested that there is involvement of same genetic and physiological mechanisms in response to both Cd and NaCl stresses