Factores no infecciosos de variación del recuento celular de la leche de oveja

El rebaño, el estado y número de lactación, el tipo de parto, las variaciones diurnas, diarias y entre ordeños, la alimentación, etc. tienen una influencia significativa sobre el recuento celular de la leche de oveja, aunque de menor importancia que la infección. La curva del recuento en la lactación es inversa a la de la producción lechera; los valores celulares son elevados al comienzo de la lactación (especialmente en el calostro), disminuyen rápidamente y alcanzan sus valores mínimos coincidiendo con las producciones más elevadas, aumentando de nuevo progresivamente hasta el final de la lactación. Por otra parte, el recuento aumenta significativamente con el número de lactación y en las ovejas de parto múltiple. Así mismo, es más elevado en la leche de repaso que en la leche de los primeros chorros y en la leche del ordeño de la tarde que en el de la mañana, para desiguales intervalos entre ordeños. El conocimiento de estos factores no infecciosos resulta de interés de cara a una correcta interpretación del recuento celular de la leche

Size effects on the Neél temperature of antiferromagnetic NiO nanoparticles

Among all antiferromagnetic transition metal monoxides, NiO presents the highest Neél temperature (TN ~ 525 K). In this work, the size-dependent reduction of TN in NiO nanoparticles with average diameters (D) ranging from 4 to 9 nm is investigated by neutron diffraction. The scaling law followed by TN(D) is in agreement with the Binder theory of critical phenomena in low-dimensional systems. X-ray absorption fine structure measurements link the decrease of TN to the occurrence of size effects (average undercoordination, bond relaxation and static disorder) in the nearest and next-nearest Ni coordination shells that hold the key for the maintenance of the antiferromagnetic order

Evaluation of progressive visual dysfunction and retinal degeneration in patients with parkinson’s disease

PURPOSE. To quantify changes in visual function parameters and in the retinal nerve fiber layer and macular thickness over a 5-year period in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). METHODS. Thirty patients with PD and 30 healthy subjects underwent a complete ophthalmic evaluation, including assessment of visual acuity, contrast sensitivity vision, color vision, and retinal evaluation with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). All subjects were reevaluated after 5 years to quantify changes in visual function parameters, the retinal nerve fiber layer, and macular thickness. Association between progressive ophthalmologic changes and disease progression was analyzed. RESULTS. Changes were detected in visual function parameters and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in patients compared with controls. Greater changes were found during the follow-up in the PD group than healthy subjects in visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, Lanthony color test (P < 0.016), in superotemporal and temporal retinal nerve fiber layer sectors (P < 0.001), and in macular thickness (all sectors except inner superior and inner inferior sectors, P < 0.001). Progressive changes in the retinal nerve fiber layer were associated with disease progression (r = 0.389, P = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS. Progressive visual dysfunction, macular thinning, and axonal loss can be detected in PD. Analysis of the macular thickness and the retinal nerve fiber layer by SD-OCT can be useful for evaluating Parkinson’s disease progression

Primary Extra-gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor of Retroperitoneum

Background Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract. More rarely neoplasms with histology and immunohistochemistry similar to GISTs may occur outside the gastrointestinal tract (omentum, mesentery and retroperitoneum) and are so-called Extra-gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (EGISTs). EGISTs arising in the retroperitoneum are extremely rare: to date, only 58 cases have been reported in the literature. Case Report We herein report a case of a primary EGIST of the retroperitoneum surgically treated. The pre-operative radiological evaluation showed a retroperitoneal mass, placed in left paravertebral region. Results Morphological and immunohistochemical features led to a diagnosis of extra-gastrointestinal stromal tumor (intermediate-low risk form). Conclusions As a result of the rarity of reports of primary EGISTs of retroperitoneum we need to analyze the data of reported cases in order to gain a better understanding about the pathogenesis, prognosis and optimal treatment of this disease

A Unified Algebraic Approach to Few and Many-Body Correlated Systems

The present article is an extended version of the paper {\it Phys. Rev.} {\bf B 59}, R2490 (1999), where, we have established the equivalence of the Calogero-Sutherland model to decoupled oscillators. Here, we first employ the same approach for finding the eigenstates of a large class of Hamiltonians, dealing with correlated systems. A number of few and many-body interacting models are studied and the relationship between their respective Hilbert spaces, with that of oscillators, is found. This connection is then used to obtain the spectrum generating algebras for these systems and make an algebraic statement about correlated systems. The procedure to generate new solvable interacting models is outlined. We then point out the inadequacies of the present technique and make use of a novel method for solving linear differential equations to diagonalize the Sutherland model and establish a precise connection between this correlated system's wave functions, with those of the free particles on a circle. In the process, we obtain a new expression for the Jack polynomials. In two dimensions, we analyze the Hamiltonian having Laughlin wave function as the ground-state and point out the natural emergence of the underlying linear $W_{1+\infty}$ symmetry in this approach.Comment: 18 pages, Revtex format, To appear in Physical Review

Role of Mitochondrial Complex IV in Age-Dependent Obesity

Aging is associated with progressive white adipose tissue (WAT) enlargement initiated early in life, but the molecular mechanisms involved remain unknown. Here we show that mitochondrial complex IV (CIV) activity and assembly are already repressed in white adipocytes of middle-aged mice and involve a HIF1A-dependent decline of essential CIV components such as COX5B. At the molecular level, HIF1A binds to the Cox5b proximal promoter and represses its expression. Silencing of Cox5b decreased fatty acid oxidation and promoted intracellular lipid accumulation. Moreover, local in vivo Cox5b silencing in WAT of young mice increased the size of adipocytes, whereas restoration of COX5B expression in aging mice counteracted adipocyte enlargement. An age-dependent reduction in COX5B gene expression was also found in human visceral adipose tissue. Collectively, our findings establish a pivotal role for CIV dysfunction in progressive white adipocyte enlargement during aging, which can be restored to alleviate age-dependent WAT expansion

Recensiones [Revista de Historia Económica Año IX Primavera-Verano 1991 n. 2 pp. 409-418]

Richard Herr. Rural Change and Royal Finances in Spain at the end of the Oíd Regime (Por James Simpson).-- Montserrat Gárate Ojanguren. La Real Compañía Guipuzcoana de Caracas (Por Tomás Martínez Vara).-- Gary Wray Mcdonogh. Las buenas familias de Barcelona. Historia social de poder enla era industrial (Por Andrés Hoyo Aparicio).-- Julio Millot y Magdalena Bertino. Historia Económica del Uruguay (Por Omar Licandro).-- David Bernabé Gil. Hacienda y mercado urbano en la Orihuela foral moderna (Por José Antonio Miranda Encarnación).-- A.D.M. Philips. The underdraining of farmland in England during the nineteenth century (Por Salvador Calatayud Giner).-- Harvey J. Gravff. The Legacies of Literacy. Continuities and contradictions in Western Culture and Society (Por Carlos Newland).-- Enrique Fuentes Quintana. Las reformas tributarias en España. Teoría, historia y propuestas (Por Juan Velarde Fuentes).-- Pablo Bustelo. Economía política de los nuevos países industriales asiáticos (Por Alberto Alonso).-- Jim Tomlimson. Public Policy and the Economy since 1900 (Por Antonio F. Cubel Montesinos)Richard Herr. Rural Change and Royal Finances in Spain at the end of the Oíd Regime (Por James Simpson).-- Montserrat Gárate Ojanguren. La Real Compañía Guipuzcoana de Caracas (Por Tomás Martínez Vara).-- Gary Wray Mcdonogh. Las buenas familias de Barcelona. Historia social de poder enla era industrial (Por Andrés Hoyo Aparicio).-- Julio Millot y Magdalena Bertino. Historia Económica del Uruguay (Por Omar Licandro).-- David Bernabé Gil. Hacienda y mercado urbano en la Orihuela foral moderna (Por José Antonio Miranda Encarnación).-- A.D.M. Philips. The underdraining of farmland in England during the nineteenth century (Por Salvador Calatayud Giner).-- Harvey J. Gravff. The Legacies of Literacy. Continuities and contradictions in Western Culture and Society (Por Carlos Newland).-- Enrique Fuentes Quintana. Las reformas tributarias en España. Teoría, historia y propuestas (Por Juan Velarde Fuentes).-- Pablo Bustelo. Economía política de los nuevos países industriales asiáticos (Por Alberto Alonso).-- Jim Tomlimson. Public Policy and the Economy since 1900 (Por Antonio F. Cubel Montesinos)Publicad