987 research outputs found
Reflecting on the first three years of Topex/Poseidon
satellite, in orbit since August 1992, is the first global ocean observing system specifically de-signed to study ocean dynamics. The satellite uses a state-of-the-art radar altimeter system to determine the sea level-the height of sea sur-face relative to a reference ellipsoid-with an unprecedented accuracy. It is supplying a wealth of new information on ocean circula-tion and the patterns of the global seasonal cy-cle, low-frequency wave dynamics, gyre-scale variabilities, ocean tides, and global mean sea level variations. These observations are being used to test ocean circulation theories and the ever-maturing computer models of ocean gen-eral circulation. T/P observations cover the global oceans from 66"s to 66"N every 10 days, allowing oceanographers to routinely monitor the dy-namic global ocean. For the first time, the ocean is being accurately sampled with suffi-cient spatial and temporal resolution to ad-dress its variability at frequencies and wavenumbers (spatial frequency) previously unattainable by in situ observations. The mis-sion was also designed to measure ocean tides, resulting in the most accurate deep ocean tide models to date. The tidal signals were then removed from the sea level measure-ments to make the data suitable for ocean cir-culation studies. The radar altimeter also measures wind speed and wave height, which are part of the mission's data product in addi-tion to sea level. Many results from the mission have been published in two special issues o
Dynamics of quantum entanglement in the reservoir with memory effects
The non-Markovian dynamics of quantum entanglement is studied by the
Shabani-Lidar master equation when one of entangled quantum systems is coupled
to a local reservoir with memory effects. The completely positive reduced
dynamical map can be constructed in the Kraus representation. Quantum
entanglement decays more slowly in the non-Markovian environment. The
decoherence time for quantum entanglement can be markedly increased by the
change of the memory kernel. It is found out that the entanglement sudden death
between quantum systems and entanglement sudden birth between the system and
reservoir occur at different instants.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figure
Specifying and Verifying Concurrent Algorithms with Histories and Subjectivity
We present a lightweight approach to Hoare-style specifications for
fine-grained concurrency, based on a notion of time-stamped histories that
abstractly capture atomic changes in the program state. Our key observation is
that histories form a partial commutative monoid, a structure fundamental for
representation of concurrent resources. This insight provides us with a
unifying mechanism that allows us to treat histories just like heaps in
separation logic. For example, both are subject to the same assertion logic and
inference rules (e.g., the frame rule). Moreover, the notion of ownership
transfer, which usually applies to heaps, has an equivalent in histories. It
can be used to formally represent helping---an important design pattern for
concurrent algorithms whereby one thread can execute code on behalf of another.
Specifications in terms of histories naturally abstract granularity, in the
sense that sophisticated fine-grained algorithms can be given the same
specifications as their simplified coarse-grained counterparts, making them
equally convenient for client-side reasoning. We illustrate our approach on a
number of examples and validate all of them in Coq.Comment: 17 page
Cultivation arrangements and the cost efficiency of rice farming in Taiwan
In this paper, a switching regression model is developed to analyze farmers' choice behavior and cost efficiency in field plowing arrangement in Taiwan. We find that the decision on the choice of plowing arrangement is determined by a cost comparison between self-plowing and hired-service, and other non-cost considerations, such as the availability of family labor and machinery., education level, non-farm income, age, and regional effects, Across a spectrum of fanner characteristics, empirical results indicate a potentially substantial cost-savings by hiring service for field plowing than by self-plowing. Self-plowing farmers also subject to a significant level of cost inefficiency
Weakly-Interacting Bosons in a Trap within Approximate Second Quantization Approach
The theory of Bogoliubov is generalized for the case of a weakly-interacting
Bose-gas in harmonic trap. A set of nonlinear matrix equations is obtained to
make the diagonalization of Hamiltonian possible. Its perturbative solution is
used for the calculation of the energy and the condensate fraction of the model
system to show the applicability of the method.Comment: 6 pages, two figures .Presented at the International Symposium on
Quantum Fluids and Solids QFS2006 (Kyoto, Japan
Suppression and enhancement of the critical current in multiterminal S/N/S mesoscopic structures
We analyse the measured critical current in a mesoscopic
4-terminal S/N/S structure. The current through the S/N interface is shown to
consist not only of the Josephson component but also a
phase-coherent part of the subgap current. The current
is determined by the both components and and depends
in a nonmonotonic way on the voltage between superconductors and normal
reservoirs reaching a maximum at . The obtained theoretical
resultas are in qualitative agreement with recent experimental data.Comment: 4 page, 3 figures. To be puplished in PRB Rapid co
Continuous wave ultraviolet light-induced fiber Bragg gratings in few- And single-mode microstructured polymer optical fibers
We report observations and measurements of the inscription of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) in two different types of microstructured polymer optical fiber: few-mode and an endlessly single mode. Contrary to the FBG inscription in silica microstructured fiber, where high-energy laser pulses are a prerequisite, we have successfully used a low-power cw laser source operating at 325 nm to produce 1 cm long gratings with a reflection peak at 1570 nm. Peak reflectivities of more than 10% have been observed. © 2005 Optical Society of America
Mesoscopic models for DNA stretching under force: new results and comparison to experiments
Single molecule experiments on B-DNA stretching have revealed one or two
structural transitions, when increasing the external force. They are
characterized by a sudden increase of DNA contour length and a decrease of the
bending rigidity. It has been proposed that the first transition, at forces of
60--80 pN, is a transition from B to S-DNA, viewed as a stretched duplex DNA,
while the second one, at stronger forces, is a strand peeling resulting in
single stranded DNAs (ssDNA), similar to thermal denaturation. But due to
experimental conditions these two transitions can overlap, for instance for
poly(dA-dT). We derive analytical formula using a coupled discrete worm like
chain-Ising model. Our model takes into account bending rigidity, discreteness
of the chain, linear and non-linear (for ssDNA) bond stretching. In the limit
of zero force, this model simplifies into a coupled model already developed by
us for studying thermal DNA melting, establishing a connexion with previous
fitting parameter values for denaturation profiles. We find that: (i) ssDNA is
fitted, using an analytical formula, over a nanoNewton range with only three
free parameters, the contour length, the bending modulus and the monomer size;
(ii) a surprisingly good fit on this force range is possible only by choosing a
monomer size of 0.2 nm, almost 4 times smaller than the ssDNA nucleobase
length; (iii) mesoscopic models are not able to fit B to ssDNA (or S to ss)
transitions; (iv) an analytical formula for fitting B to S transitions is
derived in the strong force approximation and for long DNAs, which is in
excellent agreement with exact transfer matrix calculations; (v) this formula
fits perfectly well poly(dG-dC) and -DNA force-extension curves with
consistent parameter values; (vi) a coherent picture, where S to ssDNA
transitions are much more sensitive to base-pair sequence than the B to S one,
emerges.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figure
\psi(2S) Decays into \J plus Two Photons
Using \gamma \gamma J/\psi, J/\psi \ra e^+ e^- and events
from a sample of \psip decays collected with the BESII
detector, the branching fractions for \psip\ra \pi^0\J, \eta\J, and
\psi(2S)\ar\gamma\chi_{c1},\gamma\chi_{c2}\ar\gamma\gamma\jpsi are measured
to be B(\psip\ra \pi^0\J) = (1.43\pm0.14\pm0.13)\times 10^{-3}, B(\psip\ra
\eta\J) = (2.98\pm0.09\pm0.23)%,
B(\psi(2S)\ar\gamma\chi_{c1}\ar\gamma\gamma\jpsi) = (2.81\pm0.05\pm 0.23)%,
and B(\psi(2S)\ar\gamma\chi_{c2}\ar\gamma\gamma\jpsi) = (1.62\pm0.04\pm
0.12)%.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures. submitted to Phys. Rev.
Urine disinfection and in situ pathogen killing using a Microbial Fuel Cell cascade system
© 2017 Ieropoulos et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) are emerging as an effective means of treating different types of waste including urine and wastewater. However, the fate of pathogens in an MFC-based system remains unknown, and in this study we investigated the effect of introducing the enteric pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis in an MFC cascade system. The MFCs continuously fed with urine showed high disinfecting potential. As part of two independent trials, during which the bioluminescent S. enteritidis strain was introduced into the MFC cascade, the number of viable counts and the level of bioluminescence were reduced by up to 4.43-0.04 and 4.21-0.01 log-fold, respectively. The killing efficacy observed for the MFCs operating under closed-circuit conditions, were higher by 1.69 and 1.72 log-fold reduction than for the open circuit MFCs, in both independent trials. The results indicated that the bactericidal properties of a well performing anode were dependent on power performance and the oxidation-reduction potential recorded for the MFCs. This is the first time that the fate of pathogenic bacteria has been investigated in continuously operating MFC systems
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