1,215 research outputs found

    Fungos micotoxigênicos e ocratoxina A em cafés com permanência prolongada na planta e no solo, colhidos nas regiões do cerrado mineiro e baiano.

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    No Brasil, as regiões do Cerrado Mineiro e Baiano são destaque pela produtividade e qualidade dos grãos produzidos. A florada desuniforme do café no Brasil implica em frutos com diversos estágios de amadurecimento no período da colheita. Assim, frutos não colhidos oportunamente permanecem na planta ou caem no solo, e quando aproveitados farão parte de uma safra de baixa qualidade. Portanto, foi objetivo deste trabalho estudar frutos de café com exposição prolongada na planta e no solo, avaliando a colonização por fungos micotoxigênicos, a produção de ocratoxina A (OTA) e a dinâmica de umidade e atividade de água nos frutos nessas regiões produtoras. O café com permanência prolongada na planta não apresentou grandes variações nos teores de umidade e atividade de água durante os 120 dias estudados. Entretanto, o café com permanência prolongada no solo, apresentou, após 90 dias, variação drástica nos teores de umidade e atividade de água entre as regiões estudadas. Nesse período, a umidade e atividade de água foram de 14,15% e 0,74, 6,64% e 0,63 para o Cerrado Mineiro e Baiano, respectivamente. Apesar do café com permanência prolongada na planta ter sido intensamente colonizado por Aspergillus ochraceus G. Wilh. (1877), não foi detectada a presença de OTA. No café com permanência prolongada no solo detectaram-se níveis muito elevados, 49,42 e 30,93 ?g.kg-1 de OTA, no Cerrado Mineiro e Baiano, respectivamente. Pode-se constatar que independente da região de interesse, cafés com permanência prolongada na planta ou no solo interferem decisivamente na qualidade do café colhido

    Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green, 1908) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae): exotic pest introduced on vine in the São Francisco Valley.

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    The pink hibiscus mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutusis a polyphagous pest that attacks more than 200 generous and about more than 74 botanical families of cultivated or uncultivated plants. Many of these plants are of economic importance to Brazil, including cotton, cocoa, coffee, coconut, citrus, cucumber, corn, beans, papaya, sweet potatoes, figs, grapes, guavas, peanuts, roses, hibiscusand ornamental palms. However, M. hirsutus was recently introduced in Brazil. This study reported the first time occurence this pest in São Francisco Valley, Northeastern Brazil. After the pest presence alert, samplings were taken inside and around of the plantation of vines. The mealybugs were found attacking all structures of grape plants (Vitis vinifera), native plants of caatinga, weeds, "windbreaks" and fruit trees. In grape plants, the mealybugs inside bunches caused the reduction of the fruits quality and the discard of them, and on the sprouts they cause the inhibition of branches development, compromising at least two harvests. Thus, by severity of the damage, M. hirsutus may be considered one of the most important pests of the grape culture in theregion. The control of this new pest is a big challenge that will require a set of actions including chemical insecticides registration, the development of an effective monitoring plan as well as the search and use of natural enemies adapted to the region

    Germoplasma de manga no Brasil.

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    O Brasil ocupa atualmente o nono lugar entre os maiores produtores mundiais de manga, com 456 mil toneladas de frutos, o que corresponde a cerca de 2% do total da produção mundial (FAO, 1999). Esta produção, advem em grande parte, de plantios extensivos não comerciais, com elevadas perdas pós-colheita, que atende primordialmente a demanda interna, considerando um consumo per capita de 2,4 kg. A área colhida de manga no Brasil é de 63,5 mil ha, sendo que a maior concentração está na região Nordeste, com 45%, vindo logo a seguir a região Sudeste, com 41%. Porém, os maiores produtores, em ordem decrescente, são os estados de São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Pernambuco, Bahia e Ceará. A região Nordeste lidera também as exportações, com 88% do total da manga brasileira exportada, o que corresponde a US$ 28 milhões .Trabalhos apresentados no I Simpósio Latino Americano sobre Produção de Manga, 1999, Vitória da Conquista

    Phase Transitions in Neutron Stars and Gravitational Wave Emission

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    We review the detectability of gravitational waves generated by oscillations excited during a phase transition from hadronic matter to deconfined quark-gluon matter in the core of a neutron star. Neutron star properties were computed using a Boguta and Bodmer's based model and the MIT bag model. The maximum energy available to excite mechanical oscillations into the star is estimated by energy difference between the configurations with and without a quark-gluon matter core. On basis of the planned sensitivity of present laser interferometers (VIRGO or LIGO I) and those of the next generation (LIGO II), the maximum volume to be proped by these experiments is determined. These results are used as an indication of the potential detectability of neutron stars as sources of gravitational waves. Our results indicate that the maximum distance probed by the detectors of the first generation is well beyond M31, whereas the second generation detectors will probably see phase transitions events at distances two times longer, but certanly not yet attaining the Virgo cluster.Comment: revtex4, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

    Supersymmetric mass spectra and the seesaw type-I scale

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    We calculate supersymmetric mass spectra with cMSSM boundary conditions and a type-I seesaw mechanism added to explain current neutrino data. Using published, estimated errors on SUSY mass observables for a combined LHC+ILC analysis, we perform a theoretical χ2\chi^2 analysis to identify parameter regions where pure cMSSM and cMSSM plus seesaw type-I might be distinguishable with LHC+ILC data. The most important observables are determined to be the (left) smuon and selectron masses and the splitting between them, respectively. Splitting in the (left) smuon and selectrons is tiny in most of cMSSM parameter space, but can be quite sizeable for large values of the seesaw scale, mSSm_{SS}. Thus, for very roughly mSS1014m_{SS} \ge 10^{14} GeV hints for type-I seesaw might appear in SUSY mass measurements. Since our numerical results depend sensitively on forecasted error bars, we discuss in some detail the accuracies, which need to be achieved, before a realistic analysis searching for signs of type-I seesaw in SUSY spectra can be carried out.Comment: 17 pages, 7 figure

    Hawking radiation and thermodynamics of dynamical black holes in phantom dominated universe

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    The thermodynamic properties of dark energy-dominated universe in the presence of a black hole are investigated in the general case of a varying equation-of-state-parameter w(a)w(a). We show that all the thermodynamics quantities are regular at the phantom divide crossing, and particularly the temperature and the entropy of the dark fluid are always positive definite. We also study the accretion process of a phantom fluid by black holes and the conditions required for the validity of the generalized second law of thermodynamics. As a results we obtain a strictly negative chemical potential and an equation-of-state parameter w<5/3.w<-5/3.Comment: 22 pages,3 figure
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