Physical Activity Among Nurses in Kanombe Military Hospital

Low back pain is said to be a major health threat which leads to disability in high and low-income countries. Nurses have been singled out amongst professional workers as one of those that are most prone to suffer from occupation-related low back pain. Physical activity has been recommended for the health and well-being of individuals, as well as in the management of low back pain. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between low back pain and physical activity levels among nurses in Kanombe Hospital, Kigali, as well as other confounding factors that lead to low back pain. This study adopted a cross-sectional and descriptive design. A total of 133 nurses participated in this study. Three self- administered questionnaires were used: socio-demographic data questionnaire, international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) and the Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire (NMQ). More than three-quarters of the participants had low back pain (78%) and female nurses were more affected than their male counterparts (84%). Low back pain was significantly associated with gender (P=0.001) and marital status (P=0.020). Higher job-related physical activity (84%) and lower leisure-time physical activity (5%) were reported among nurses. Age (P=0.033), marital status (P=0.001) and working experience (P=0.026) of nurses were significantly associated with physical activity, but not with low back pain. There is a need for leisure-time physical activity to be promoted among nurses at Kanombe Hospital, as this would reduce the risk of back injury due to the high level of job-related physical activity

The physical activity levels among people living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome receiving high active antiretroviral therapy in Rwanda

The accessibility of high active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for local human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients is improving in Rwanda. It is well known that this therapy is associated with serious adverse effects, such as metabolic and morphologic changes. One of the recommended preventive modalities for these complications is participation in physical activity. The current study aims to determine the anthropometric profile and physical activity levels among people living with HIV and receiving HAART in Kigali, Rwanda. The study was a cross-sectional, descriptive quantitative survey. The participant’s levels of physical activity participation and their association with anthropometric profiles were measured, using a structured self-administered questionnaire for 407 clients passing through the clinics. Of the participants, approximately 70% were inactive and in addition, 40% were obese and 43% overweight. Obesity was found to be strongly associated with inactivity. Lack of motivation, and time as well as fear of worsening the disease were found to be barriers to participation in physical activity.Keywords: HIV, AIDS, physical inactivity, Rwanda, HAAR

Student and staff perceptions and experiences of the introduction of Objective Structured Practical Examinations: A pilot study

Background. The Objective Structured Practical Examination (OSPE) is widely recognised as one of the more objective methods of assessing practical skills in healthcare programmes, including undergraduate physiotherapy curricula.Objectives. To obtain feedback from both students and staff who were involved in the introduction of an OSPE in 2011, in order to refine and standardise the format throughout the curriculum.Methods. A qualitative research design was used. Data were gathered through a questionnaire with semi-structured open-ended items and focus group discussion. Participants were all third-year undergraduate physiotherapy students (N=47) and all staff members (N=10) in the 2011 academic year who were exposed to the OSPE format or were involved in the first OSPE.Results. The main concerns raised by both students and staff were: (i) pressure due to time constraints and how this might affect student performance; and (ii) the question of objectivity during the assessment. However, their initial concerns changed as they experienced the OSPE in a more positive manner owing to the structure and objectivity of the process of implementing the OSPE.Conclusion. While both students and staff reported positive experiences, the challenges that emerged provided valuable insight in terms of refining the OSPE format in this undergraduate physiotherapy department

The impact of partially missing communities~on the reliability of centrality measures

Network data is usually not error-free, and the absence of some nodes is a very common type of measurement error. Studies have shown that the reliability of centrality measures is severely affected by missing nodes. This paper investigates the reliability of centrality measures when missing nodes are likely to belong to the same community. We study the behavior of five commonly used centrality measures in uniform and scale-free networks in various error scenarios. We find that centrality measures are generally more reliable when missing nodes are likely to belong to the same community than in cases in which nodes are missing uniformly at random. In scale-free networks, the betweenness centrality becomes, however, less reliable when missing nodes are more likely to belong to the same community. Moreover, centrality measures in scale-free networks are more reliable in networks with stronger community structure. In contrast, we do not observe this effect for uniform networks. Our observations suggest that the impact of missing nodes on the reliability of centrality measures might not be as severe as the literature suggests

Genomic insights into the population history and adaptive traits of Latin American Criollo cattle.

Criollo cattle, the descendants of animals brought by Iberian colonists to the Americas, have been the subject of natural and human-mediated selection in novel tropical agroecological zones for centuries. Consequently, these breeds have evolved distinct characteristics such as resistance to diseases and exceptional heat tolerance. In addition to European taurine (Bos taurus) ancestry, it has been proposed that gene flow from African taurine and Asian indicine (Bos indicus) cattle has shaped the ancestry of Criollo cattle. In this study, we analysed Criollo breeds from Colombia and Venezuela using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array data to examine population structure and admixture at high resolution. Analysis of genetic structure and ancestry components provided evidence for African taurine and Asian indicine admixture in Criollo cattle. In addition, using WGS data, we detected selection signatures associated with a myriad of adaptive traits, revealing genes linked to thermotolerance, reproduction, fertility, immunity and distinct coat and skin coloration traits. This study underscores the remarkable adaptability of Criollo cattle and highlights the genetic richness and potential of these breeds in the face of climate change, habitat flux and disease challenges. Further research is warranted to leverage these findings for more effective and sustainable cattle breeding programmes

Innate immunity and remodelling

A wide variety of cardiac disease states can induce remodelling and lead to the functional consequence of heart failure. These complex disease states involve a plethora of parallel signal transduction events, which may be associated with tissue injury or tissue repair. Innate immunity is activated in hearts injured in different ways, evident as cytokine release from the heart, activation of toll-like receptors involved in recognizing danger, and activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B. Nuclear factor kappa B regulates gene programmes involved in inflammation as well as the resolution of inflammation. The impact of this is an enigma; while cytokines, toll-like receptors, and nuclear factor kappa B appear to elicit myocardial protection in studies of preconditioning, the literature strongly indicates a detrimental role for activation of innate immunity in studies of acute ischaemia–reperfusion injury. The impact of activation of cardiac innate immunity on the long-term outcome in in vivo models of hypertrophy and remodelling is less clear, with conflicting results as to whether it is beneficial or detrimental. More research using genetically engineered mice as tools, different models of evoking remodelling, and long-term follow-up is required for us to conclude whether activation of the innate immune system is good, bad, or unimportant in chronic injury models

30 days wild: development and evaluation of a large-scale nature engagement campaign to improve well-being

There is a need to increase people’s engagement with and connection to nature, both for human well-being and the conservation of nature itself. In order to suggest ways for people to engage with nature and create a wider social context to normalise nature engagement, The Wildlife Trusts developed a mass engagement campaign, 30 Days Wild. The campaign asked people to engage with nature every day for a month. 12,400 people signed up for 30 Days Wild via an online sign-up with an estimated 18,500 taking part overall, resulting in an estimated 300,000 engagements with nature by participants. Samples of those taking part were found to have sustained increases in happiness, health, connection to nature and pro-nature behaviours. With the improvement in health being predicted by the improvement in happiness, this relationship was mediated by the change in connection to nature

Multiparticle azimuthal correlations for extracting event-by-event elliptic and triangular flow in Au + Au collisions at sNN =200 GeV

We present measurements of elliptic and triangular azimuthal anisotropy of charged particles detected at forward rapidity 1<|η|<3 in Au + Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV, as a function of centrality. The multiparticle cumulant technique is used to obtain the elliptic flow coefficients v2{2},v2{4},v2{6}, and v2{8}, and triangular flow coefficients v3{2} and v3{4}. Using the small-variance limit, we estimate the mean and variance of the event-by-event v2 distribution from v2{2} and v2{4}. In a complementary analysis, we also use a folding procedure to study the distributions of v2 and v3 directly, extracting both the mean and variance. Implications for initial geometrical fluctuations and their translation into the final-state momentum distributions are discussed