3,412 research outputs found
Thermochromic display materials for use under wide variations in ambient illumination levels Final report
Inorganic thermochromatic material synthesis and utilization in display device
Thermodynamics of nano-spheres encapsulated in virus capsids
We investigate the thermodynamics of complexation of functionalized charged
nano-spheres with viral proteins. The physics of this problem is governed by
electrostatic interaction between the proteins and the nano-sphere cores
(screened by salt ions), but also by configurational degrees of freedom of the
charged protein N-tails. We approach the problem by constructing an appropriate
complexation free energy functional. On the basis of both numerical and
analytical studies of this functional we construct the phase diagram for the
assembly which contains the information on the assembled structures that appear
in the thermodynamical equilibrium, depending on the size and surface charge
density of the nano-sphere cores. We show that both the nano-sphere core charge
as well as its radius determine the size of the capsid that forms around the
core.Comment: Submitte
Density waves theory of the capsid structure of small icosahedral viruses
We apply Landau theory of crystallization to explain and to classify the
capsid structures of small viruses with spherical topology and icosahedral
symmetry. We develop an explicit method which predicts the positions of centers
of mass for the proteins constituting viral capsid shell. Corresponding density
distribution function which generates the positions has universal form without
any fitting parameter. The theory describes in a uniform way both the
structures satisfying the well-known Caspar and Klug geometrical model for
capsid construction and those violating it. The quasiequivalence of protein
environments in viral capsid and peculiarities of the assembly thermodynamics
are also discussed.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figur
Diverse hepatitis C virus glycoproteins mediate viral infection in a CD81-dependent manner
We recently reported that retroviral pseudotypes bearing the hepatitis C virus (HCV) strain H and Con1 glycoproteins, genotype 1a and 1b, respectively, require CD81 as a coreceptor for virus-cell entry and infection. Soluble truncated E2 cloned from a number of diverse HCV genotypes fail to interact with CD81, suggesting that viruses of diverse origin may utilize different receptors and display altered cell tropism. We have used the pseudotyping system to study the tropism of viruses bearing diverse HCV glycoproteins. Viruses bearing these glycoproteins showed a 150-fold range in infectivity for hepatoma cells and failed to infect lymphoid cells. The level of glycoprotein incorporation into particles varied considerably between strains, generally reflecting the E2 expression level within transfected cells. However, differences in glycoprotein incorporation were not associated with virus infectivity, suggesting that infectivity is not limited by the absolute level of glycoprotein. All HCV pseudotypes failed to infect HepG2 cells and yet infected the same cells after transduction to express human CD81, confirming the critical role of CD81 in HCV infection. Interestingly, these HCV pseudotypes differed in their ability to infect HepG2 cells expressing a panel of CD81 variants, suggesting subtle differences in the interaction of CD81 residues with diverse viral glycoproteins. Our current model of HCV infection suggests that CD81, together with additional unknown liver specific receptor(s), mediate the virus-cell entry process
Remarkably robust and correlated coherence and antiferromagnetism in (CeLa)CuGe
We present magnetic susceptibility, resistivity, specific heat, and
thermoelectric power measurements on (CeLa)CuGe single
crystals (0 1). With La substitution, the antiferromagnetic
temperature is suppressed in an almost linear fashion and moves below
0.36 K, the base temperature of our measurements for 0.8. Surprisingly, in
addition to robust antiferromagnetism, the system also shows low temperature
coherent scattering below up to 0.9 of La, indicating a small
percolation limit 9 of Ce that separates a coherent regime from a
single-ion Kondo impurity regime. as a function of magnetic field was
found to have different behavior for 0.9. Remarkably,
at = 0 was found to be linearly proportional to . The
jump in the magnetic specific heat at as a function of
for (CeLa)CuGe follows the theoretical prediction
based on the molecular field calculation for the = 1/2 resonant level
model
Notorious places: image, reputation, stigma: the role of newspapers in area reputations for social housing estates
This paper reviews work in several disciplines to distinguish between image, reputation and stigma. It also shows that there has been little research on the process by which area reputations are established and sustained through transmission processes. This paper reports on research into the portrayal of two social housing estates in the printed media over an extended period of time (14 years). It was found that negative and mixed coverage of the estates dominated, with the amount of positive coverage being very small. By examining the way in which dominant themes were used by newspapers in respect of each estate, questions are raised about the mode of operation of the press and the communities' collective right to challenge this. By identifying the way regeneration stories are covered and the nature of the content of positive stories, lessons are drawn for programmes of area transformation. The need for social regeneration activities is identified as an important ingredient for changing deprived-area reputations
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Physical and hydrologic properties of outcrop samples from a nonwelded to welded tuff transition, Yucca Mountain, Nevada
Quantitative material-property data are needed to describe lateral and vertical spatial variability of physical and hydrologic properties and to model ground-water flow and radionuclide transport at the potential Yucca Mountain nuclear-waste repository site in Nevada. As part of on-going site characterization studies of Yucca Mountain directed toward this understanding of spatial variability, laboratory measurements of porosity, bulk and particle density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and sorptivity have been obtained for a set of outcrop samples that form a systematic, two-dimensional grid that covers a large exposure of the basal Tiva Canyon Tuff of the Paintbrush Group of Miocene age at Yucca Mountain. The samples form a detailed vertical grid roughly parallel to the transport direction of the parent ash flows, and they exhibit material-property variations in an interval of major lithologic change overlying a potential nuclear-waste repository at Yucca Mountain. The observed changes in hydrologic properties were systematic and consistent with the changes expected for the nonwelded to welded transition at the base of a major ash-flow sequence. Porosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and sorptivity decreased upward from the base of the Tiva Canyon Tuff, indicating the progressive compaction of ash-rich volcanic debris and the onset of welding with increased overburden pressure from the accumulating ash-flow sheet. The rate of decrease in the values of these material properties varied with vertical position within the transition interval. In contrast, bulk-density values increased upward, a change that also is consistent with progressive compaction and the onset of welding. Particle-density values remained almost constant throughout the transition interval, probably indicating compositional (chemical) homogeneity
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Neoliberal Redistributive Policy: The U.S. Net Social Wage in the 21st Century
In this paper, I examine the trends of fiscal transfers between the state and workers during 1959 - 2012 to understand the net impact of redistributive policy in the United States. This paper presents original net social wage data from and analysis based on the replication and extension of Shaikh and Tonak (2002). The paper investigates the appearance of a post-2001 variation in the net social wage data. The positive net social wage in the 21st century is the result of a combination of factors including the growth of income support, healthcare inflation, neoliberal tax reforms, and macroeconomic instability. Growing economic inequality does not appear to alter the results of the net social wage methodology
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