DERDYSHIRE (Reino Unido) (Inglaterra). Mapas generales (1786). 1:130000

Escala gráfica de 10 millas estatutarias inglesas de 69 1/2 al grado [= 12,1 cm]. Coordenadas referidas al meridiano de Londres (O 1°03'30''--O 2°02'10''/N 53°31'30''--N 52°40'00'')Orografía por normalesLímites entre los distintos hundreds que forman este condado diferenciados por colorIndica los condados con los que limita, incluyendo datos sobre los mismosMapa sangrado en algunos punto

SURREY (Reino Unido). Inglaterra. Condado. Mapas generales. 1775 (1765-1775). 1:32300

Dedicatoria : "To His Royal Highness William Henry Duke of Gloucester & Edingburgh and Carl of Conanght in Ireland. This Actual Survey of the County of Surrey is most humbly inscrib'd by his Royal Highness most hble. & Oblig'd Servant Mary-Ann Rocque"Fecha tomada de: "Tooley's Dictionary of Mapmakers".- Tring, Hertfordshire, England, 1979, p. 544Escala gráfica de 4 millas [= 19'9 cm]. Coordenadas referidas al meridiano de St. Pauls (O 0°03'20''--E 0°01'05''/N 51°64'00''--N 51°36'00''). Recuadro geográfico de 1' en 1'. Orientado con lis en rosa de ocho vientosOrografía a trazosDestaca especialmente las divisiones administrativasTabla de signos convencionales para indicar iglesias, núcleos de población, vallas, divisiones municipales, caminos, jardines, molinos de viento, parques, colinas, ríos, etc.En la primera hoja, dedicatoria grabada en grandes dimensiones en la que la diosa Minerva parace presentar a nobles y a otras diosas el documento, rodeados de esferas armillares y demás instrumentos cartográfico

WIGHT (Reino Unido) (Isla). Mapas generales (1775). 1:31680

Dedicatoria : "To his Grace Henry Panlett, Duke of Boston & c. &c. Governor of the Isle of Wight, And to the Noblemen, Gentlemen, Clergy &c. who have been pleased to Encourage this Undertaking this Actual Survey of the Said Island, is most humbly Inscribed, as a grateful Testimony for their generous Assistance by their most Dutiful and Devoted Servt"Escala tambien dada en forma gráfica en 3 millas inglesas de 69 1/² al grado. Coordenadas referidas al meridiano de Londres (O 1°27'30''--O 0°53'45''/N 50°50'15''--N 50°32'50''). Orientado con lis en rosa de treinta y dos vientosOrografía a trazosIndica sondas batimétricas, veriles, bancos y bajosDestaca mediante diferentes colores la división parroquial del condadoPresenta una relación con el nombre de los suscriptores, ordenados alfabéticamenteConsta el precio del documento en el margen inferior derechoCartelas barrocas, una, conteniendo el título decorada con motivos vegetales y otra con la dedicatoria y la relación de nombres, adornada con motivos vegetales y coronada con el escudo del condadoInserta : "A Plan of the Town of Newport". Escala [ca. 1:4200], 660 pies [= 4'7 cm

Quantification of the SF₆ lifetime based on mesospheric loss measured in the stratospheric polar vortex

Sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆) is a greenhouse gas with one of the highest radiative efficiencies in the atmosphere as well as an important indicator of transport time scales in the stratosphere. The current widely used estimate of the atmospheric lifetime of SF₆ is 3200 years. In this study we use in situ measurements in the 2000 Arctic polar vortex that sampled air with up to 50% SF₆ loss to calculate an SF₆ lifetime. Comparison of these measurements with output from the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) shows that WACCM transport into the vortex is accurate and that an important SF₆ loss mechanism, believed to be electron attachment, is missing in the model. Based on the measurements and estimates of the size of the vortex, we calculate an SF₆ lifetime of 850 years with an uncertainty range of 580–1400 years. The amount of SF₆ loss is shown to be consistent with that of HFC‐227ea, which has a lifetime of 670–780 years, adding independent support to our new SF₆ lifetime estimate. Based on the revised lifetime the global warming potential of SF₆ will decrease only slightly for short time horizons (<100 years) but will decrease substantially for time horizons longer than 2000 years. Also, the use of SF6 measurements as an indicator of transport time scales in the stratosphere clearly must account for potential influence from polar vortex air

HERTFORD (Reino Unido) (Inglaterra). Planos de población (1766). 1:1600

Escala gráfica de 80 pérticas, doce de las cuales equivalen a 1 pulgada, [= 12,2 cm]Orografía por sombreadoIndica los nombres de las principales calles y edificios de la ciudad, así como de las carreteras que a ella lleganTítulo enmarcado en cartela decorada con paisaj

SAINT ALBANS (Reino Unido) (Hertfordshire). Planos de población (1766). 1:1600

Escala gráfica de 80 pérticas por 5 pulgadas [= 12'2 cm]Orografía por sombreadoRepresenta el plano de la ciudad indicando los nombres de sus principales calles y la dirección de los caminos que parten de ellaCartela, conteniendo título, mención de responsabilidad y fecha, decorada con motivos vegetalesInserta : "A South, West View of the Abby of St. Alban's / M. Wren Delint. ; J. Chevrs. Sclpt"

Integration across time determines path deviation discrimination for moving objects.

YesBackground: Human vision is vital in determining our interaction with the outside world. In this study we characterize our ability to judge changes in the direction of motion of objects-a common task which can allow us either to intercept moving objects, or else avoid them if they pose a threat. Methodology/Principal Findings: Observers were presented with objects which moved across a computer monitor on a linear path until the midline, at which point they changed their direction of motion, and observers were required to judge the direction of change. In keeping with the variety of objects we encounter in the real world, we varied characteristics of the moving stimuli such as velocity, extent of motion path and the object size. Furthermore, we compared performance for moving objects with the ability of observers to detect a deviation in a line which formed the static trace of the motion path, since it has been suggested that a form of static memory trace may form the basis for these types of judgment. The static line judgments were well described by a 'scale invariant' model in which any two stimuli which possess the same two-dimensional geometry (length/width) result in the same level of performance. Performance for the moving objects was entirely different. Irrespective of the path length, object size or velocity of motion, path deviation thresholds depended simply upon the duration of the motion path in seconds. Conclusions/Significance: Human vision has long been known to integrate information across space in order to solve spatial tasks such as judgment of orientation or position. Here we demonstrate an intriguing mechanism which integrates direction information across time in order to optimize the judgment of path deviation for moving objects.Wellcome Trust, Leverhulme Trust, NI

Prioritizing persons deprived of liberty in global guidelines for tuberculosis preventive treatment

In this Policy Forum piece, Aditya Narayan and colleagues discuss the challenges and opportunities for tuberculosis preventive treatment in carceral settings

Dose dependent effect of statins on postoperative atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery among patients treated with beta blockers

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Previous studies on the effects of Statins in preventing atrial fibrillation (AF) after cardiac surgery have shown conflicting results. Whether statins prevent AF in patients treated with postoperative beta blockers and whether the statin-effect is dose related are unknown.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We retrospectively studied 1936 consecutive patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) (n = 1493) or valve surgery (n = 443) at the Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center. All patients were in sinus rhythm before the surgery. Postoperative beta blockers were administered routinely (92% within 24 hours postoperatively).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Mean age was 66+10 years and 68% of the patients were taking Statins. Postoperative AF occurred in 588 (30%) patients and led to longer length of stay in the intensive care unit versus those without AF (5.1+7.6 days versus 2.5+2.3 days, p < 0.0001). Patients with a past history of AF had a 5 times higher risk of postoperative AF (odds ratio 5.1; 95% confidence interval 3.4 to 7.7; p < 0.0001). AF occurred in 31% of patients taking statins versus 29% of the others (p = 0.49). In multivariable analysis, statins were not associated with AF (odds ratio (OR) 0.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.7 to 1.2; p = 0.59). However, in a subgroup analysis, the patients treated with Simvastatin >20 mg daily had a 36% reduction in the risk of postoperative AF (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.6; p = 0.03) in comparison to those taking lower dosages.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Among cardiac surgery patients treated with postoperative beta blockers Statin treatment reduces the incidence of postoperative AF when used at higher dosages</p

Production of electrospun fast-dissolving drug delivery systems with therapeutic eutectic systems encapsulated in gelatin

Fast-dissolving delivery systems (FDDS) have received increasing attention in the last years. Oral drug delivery is still the preferred route for the administration of pharmaceutical ingredients. Nevertheless, some patients, e.g. children or elderly people, have difficulties in swallowing solid tablets. In this work, gelatin membranes were produced by electrospinning, containing an encapsulated therapeutic deep-eutectic solvent (THEDES) composed by choline chloride/mandelic acid, in a 1:2 molar ratio. A gelatin solution (30% w/ v) with 2% (v/v) of THEDES was used to produce electrospun fibers and the experimental parameters were optimized. Due to the high surface area of polymer fibers, this type of construct has wide applicability. With no cytotoxicity effect, and showing a fast-dissolving release profile in PBS, the gelatin fibers with encapsulated THEDES seem to have promising applications in the development of new drug delivery systems.The research leading to these results has received funding from Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) through the projects ENIGMA - PTDC/EQU-EPR/ 121491/2010 and UID/CTM/50025/2013, LAQVREQUIMTE: UID/QUI/50006/2013, UCIBIO-REQUIMTE: UID/Multi/04378/2013 (co-financed by the ERDF under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement [POCI-01-0145-FEDER- 007728]) and by FEDER through the COMPETE 2020 Programme. Marta Martins is grateful for financial support from FCT through the grant BIM/PTDC/EQUEPR/121491/ 2010/ENIGMA. This research has also received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/ 2007-2013) under grant agreement number REGPOTCT2012-316331-POLARIS and from the project BNovel smart and biomimetic materials for innovative regenerative medicine approaches^ RL1 - ABMR - NORTE-01-0124- FEDER-000016) co-financed by North Portugal Regional Operational Programme (ON.2 – O Novo Norte), under the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF), through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio