TAUBERIAN THEOREMS FOR THE WEIGHTED MEAN METHOD OF SUMMABILITY OF INTEGRALS

Let $q$ be a positive weight function on $\mathbf{R}_{+}:=[0, \infty)$ which is integrable in Lebesgue's sense over every finite interval $(0,x)$ for $00$, $Q(0)=0$ and $Q(x) \rightarrow \infty$ as $x \to \infty$.Given a real or complex-valued function $f \in L^{1}_{loc} (\mathbf{R}_{+})$, we define $s(x):=\int_{0}^{x}f(t)dt$ and$$\tau^{(0)}_q(x):=s(x), \tau^{(m)}_q(x):=\frac{1}{Q(x)}\int_0^x \tau^{(m-1)}_q(t) q(t)dt\,\,\, (x>0, m=1,2,...),$$provided that $Q(x)>0$. We say that $\int_{0}^{\infty}f(x)dx$ is summable to $L$ by the $m$-th iteration of weighted mean method determined by the function $q(x)$, or for short, $(\overline{N},q,m)$ integrable to a finite number $L$ if$$\lim_{x\to \infty}\tau^{(m)}_q(x)=L.$$In this case, we write $s(x)\rightarrow L(\overline{N},q,m)$. It is known thatif the limit $\lim _{x \to \infty} s(x)=L$ exists, then $\lim _{x \to \infty} \tau^{(m)}_q(x)=L$ also exists. However, the converse of this implicationis not always true. Some suitable conditions together with the existence of the limit $\lim _{x \to \infty} \tau^{(m)}_q(x)$, which is so called Tauberian conditions, may imply convergence of $\lim _{x \to \infty} s(x)$. In this paper, one- and two-sided Tauberian conditions in terms of the generating function and its generalizations for $(\overline{N},q,m)$ summable integrals of real- or complex-valued functions have been obtained. Some classical type Tauberian theorems given for Ces\`{a}ro summability $(C,1)$ and weighted mean method of summability $(\overline{N},q)$ have been extended and generalized. 

Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy: from Preclinical Models to Genotype-phenotype Correlation and Pathophysiology

Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a hereditary myocardial disease characterized by the replacement of the ventricular myocardium with fibrous fatty deposits. ACM is usually inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern with variable penetrance and expressivity, which is mainly related to ventricular tachyarrhythmia and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Importantly, significant progress has been made in determining the genetic background of ACM due to the development of new techniques for genetic analysis. The exact molecular pathomechanism of ACM, however, is not completely clear and the genotype-phenotype correlations have not been fully elucidated, which are useful to predict the prognosis and treatment of ACM patients. Different gene-targeted and transgenic animal models, human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte (hiPSC-CM) models, and heterologous expression systems have been developed. Here, this review aims to summarize preclinical ACM models and platforms promoting our understanding of the pathogenesis of ACM and assess their value in elucidating the ACM genotype-phenotype relationship

Real life experience with the wearable cardioverter-defibrillator in an international multicenter Registry

Patients at high risk for sudden cardiac death (SCD) may benefit from wearable cardioverter defibrillators (WCD) by avoiding immediate implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantation. Different factors play an important role including patient selection, compliance and optimal drug treatment. We aimed to present real world data from 4 centers from Germany and Switzerland. Between 04/2012 and 03/2019, 708 patients were included in this registry. Patients were followed up over a mean time of 28 ± 35.5 months. Outcome data including gender differences and different etiologies of cardiomyopathy were analyzed. Out of 708 patients (81.8% males, mean age 61.0 ± 14.6), 44.6% of patients had non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, 39.8% ischemic cardiomyopathy, 7.9% myocarditis, 5.4% prior need for ICD explantation and 2.1% channelopathy. The mean wear time of WCD was 21.2 ± 4.3 h per day. In 46% of patients, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was > 35% during follow-up. The younger the patient was, the higher the LVEF and the lower the wear hours per day were. The total shock rate during follow-up was 2.7%. Whereas an appropriate WCD shock was documented in 16 patients (2.2%), 3 patients received an inappropriate ICD shock (0.5%). During follow-up, implantation of a cardiac implantable electronic device was carried out in 34.5% of patients. When comparing German patients (n = 516) to Swiss patients (n = 192), Swiss patients presented with longer wear days (70.72 ± 49.47 days versus 58.06 ± 40.45 days; p = 0.001) and a higher ICD implantation rate compared to German patients (48.4% versus 29.3%; p = 0.001), although LVEF at follow-up was similar between both groups. Young age is a negative independent predictor for the compliance in this large registry. The most common indication for WCD was non-ischemic cardiomyopathy followed by ischemic cardiomyopathy. The compliance rate was generally high with a decrease of wear hours per day at younger age. Slight differences were found between Swiss and German patients, which might be related to differences in mentality for ICD implantation

Proširenost virusa virusnog proljeva u tkivima spolnog sustava goveda.

In this study, the cellular localisation and distribution of BVD viral antigens in genital system tissues were investigated in 65 non-pregnant dairy cows and in 65 bulls. For this study genital system tissue samples, taken from slaughtered bulls with no pathological lesions and from females having reproductive problems, were marked using the immunoperoxidase method on their paraffin sections. BVD viral antigens were determined in 15 of the 65 non-pregnant dairy cows (consistent with cell culture results) using the indirect immunoperoxidase method. BVD viral antigens were present in macrophage-like cells in the stroma of the ovaries and uterus. No BVD viral antigens were observed in the samples of testicles, epididymis, vesicula seminalis, or prostate in the male animals. In all animals, including BVDV-positive ones, no pathologic lesions were observed, except periodically non-specific subepithelial or stromal mononuclear cell infiltrations. Most of these cells were seen to be formed by lymphocytes and macrophages.Istražena je lokalizacija i proširenost antigena virusa virusnog proljeva goveda u tkivima spolnog sustava 65 negravidnih mliječnih krava i 65 bikova. U tu svrhu rabljen je imunoperoksidazni test na histološkim rezovima tkiva. Tom metodom pretraženi su uzorci tkiva spolnih organa uzeti od zdravih zaklanih bikova te krava s reprodukcijskim poremećajima. Virusni antigeni dokazani su u 15 od 65 krava (sukladno s uzgojem virusa na staničnoj kulturi). Antigeni su bili prisutni u makrofagima sličnim stanicama unutar strome jajnika i maternice. Virusni antigeni nisu dokazani u uzorcima tkiva testisa, epididimisa, sjemene vrećice i prostate bikova. U pretraženih životinja, uključujući i one pozitivne na virus, nisu zabilježene patološke promjene, osim povremenih nespecifičnih subepitelijalnih ili stromalnih mononuklearnih infiltracija limfocitima i makrofagima

Ectopic adrenal tissues at orchidopexy in children: A case series

Ectopic adrenal tissue is rare in children. Although its excision is recommendedwhen found incidentally during inguinal surgical procedures, routine explorationis not indicated for the detection of its presence. Here, we present eight cases ofectopic adrenal tissue in pediatric patients who underwent orchidopexy

Age differences of patients treated with wearable cardioverter defibrillator: Data from a multicentre registry

BACKGROUND Wearable cardioverter defibrillators (WCD) are used as a 'bridging' technology in patients, who are temporarily at high risk for sudden cardiac death (SCD). Several factors should be taken into consideration, for example patient selection, compliance and optimal drug treatment, when WCD is prescribed. We aimed to present real-world data from seven centres from Germany and Switzerland according to age differences regarding the outcome, prognosis, WCD data and compliance. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between 04/2012 and 03/2021, 1105 patients were included in this registry. Outcome data according to age differences (old ≥45 years compared to young <45 years) were analysed. At young age, WCDs were more often prescribed due to congenital heart disease and myocarditis. On the other hand, ischaemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) was more present in older patients. Wear days of WCD were similar between both groups (p = .115). In addition, during the WCD use, documented arrhythmic life-threatening events were comparable [sustained ventricular tachycardia: 5.8% vs. 7.7%, ventricular fibrillation (VF) .5% vs. .6%] and consequently the rate of appropriate shocks was similar between both groups. Left ventricular ejection fraction improvement was documented over follow-up with a better improvement in younger patients as compared to older patients (77% vs. 63%, p = .002). In addition, at baseline, the rate of atrial fibrillation was significantly higher in the older age group (23% vs. 8%; p = .001). The rate of permanent cardiac implantable electronic device implantation (CiED) was lower in the younger group (25% vs. 36%, p = .05). The compliance rate defined as wearing WCD at least 20 h per day was significantly lower in young patients compared to old patients (68.9% vs. 80.9%, p < .001). During the follow-up, no significant difference regarding all-cause mortality or arrhythmic death was documented in both groups. A low compliance rate of wearing WCD is predicted by young patients and patients suffering from non-ischaemic cardiomyopathies. CONCLUSION Although the compliance rate in different age groups is high, the average wear hours tended to be lower in young patients compared to older patients. The clinical events were similar in younger patients compared to older patients

Use of the Wearable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Among Patients With Myocarditis and Reduced Ejection Fraction or Ventricular Tachyarrhythmia: Data From a Multicenter Registry

Background: Data on the use of the wearable cardioverter-defibrillator (WCD) among patients with myocarditis remain sparse. Consequently, evidence for guideline recommendations in this patient population is lacking. Methods and Results: In total, 1596 consecutive patients were included in a multicenter registry from 8 European centers, with 124 patients (8%) having received the WCD due to myocarditis and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction or prior ventricular tachyarrhythmia. The mean age was 51.6±16.3 years, with 74% being male. Patients were discharged after index hospitalization on heart failure medication: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (62.5%), angiotensin-receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (22.9%), aldosterone-antagonists (51%), or beta blockers (91.4%). The initial median left ventricular ejection fraction was 30% (22%-45%) and increased to 48% (39%-55%) over long-term follow-up (P<0.001). The median BNP (brain natriuretic peptide) level at baseline was 1702 pg/mL (565-3748) and decreased to 188 pg/mL (26-348) over long-term follow-up (P=0.022). The mean wear time was 79.7±52.1 days and 21.0±4.9 hours per day. Arrhythmic event rates documented by the WCD were 9.7% for nonsustained ventricular tachycardia, 6.5% for sustained ventricular tachycardia, and 0% for ventricular fibrillation. Subsequently, 2.4% of patients experienced an appropriate WCD shock. The rate of inappropriate WCD shocks was 0.8%. All 3 patients with appropriate WCD shock had experienced ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation before WCD prescription, with only 1 patient showing a left ventricular ejection fraction <35%. Conclusions: Patients with myocarditis and risk for occurrence of ventricular tachyarrhythmia may benefit from WCD use. Prior ventricular arrhythmia might appear as a better risk predictor than a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction <35% in this population

C-REACTIVE PROTEIN LEVELS IN OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA PATIENTS

Amaç: Obstrüktif Uyku Apne Sendromu (OUAS)'u olan hastalarda C-Reaktif Protein (CRP)'in erken ateroskleozun saptanmasında kullanılması. Yöntemler: Çalışmaya Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi uyku bozukluğu polikliniğine başvuran, yaşları 20-66 arasında olan toplam 45 obez hasta alındı. Hastaların cinsiyet, yaş, boy, kilo değerleri saptandı. Vücut kitle indeksleri, bel / kalça oranları hesaplandı. Polisomnografi tetkiki yapıldı. OUAS'u olan hasta grubu ve OUAS'u olmayan kontrol grubu olarak iki gruba ayrıldı. Her iki grup hastadan açlık venöz kan örneği alınarak yüksek duyarlılıklı CRP düzeyleri ve lipid profilleri çalışıldı. B-mode dopler ultrasonografiyle karotis intima madia kalınlıkları ölçüldü. Bulgular: Kontrol grubunda yd-CRP düzeyleri 0,22 (0,01-0,57) mg/dl, OUAS'lı hasta grubundaysa 0,30 (0,05-1,52) mg/dl olarak bulundu, iki grup arasında istatiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptanmadı (p=0,300). Karotis İntima Media Kalınlığı (KİMK) ölçümleri değerlendirildiğinde her iki grup arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptandı (p=0,01). Bel / kalça oranları belirlenip, abdominal obezite açısından değerlendirildiğinde iki grup arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark gözlendi (p&lt;0,01). AKŞ, TK ve LDL-K düzeylerinde de anlamlı fark saptandı (p=0,049, p=0,01 ve p=0,03). Sonuç: OUAS'lı hastalarda abdominal obezite, AKŞ, TK ve LDL-K düzeylerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptanması OUAS metabolik sendrom ilişkisi için varolan kanıtları doğruladı. Bununla birlikte, ölçülen CRP düzeylerinin OUAS'u hastalarında erken aterosklerozun gösterilmesinde iyi bir gösterge olmayabileceği belirlendi. Objective: To determine whether CRP can detect subclinic atherosclerosis in obstructive sleep apnea patients. Methods: Ages between 20-66, 45 obese patient who was have application to D.E.Ü. Medical Faculty sleep laboratory recruited to study. We determine sex, age, height and weight for all patients and calculate body mass index, waist / hip raito. Polisomnographia was done. Patient's divided in to two group's, whose PSG detected OSA constitute patients group and whose PSG not detected OSA constitude control group. We obtained fasting venous blood sample and measure HSCRP and lipid profiles. Carotis intima media thickness measured with B-mode doppler ultrasonography. Results: HSCRP found 0,22 (0,01-0,57) mg/dl in control group and 0,30 (0,05-1,52) mg/dl in OSA patients group, we didn't detect statistical significancy (p=0,300). When Carotid İntima Media Thickness (CIMT) measurements evaluated for each group, statistical significancy find (p=0,01). WHR determined and evaluated for abdominal obesity, statistical significancy found between two group (p&lt;0,01). Also significant differece detected for FBG, TK and LDL-K (p=0,049, p=0,01 and p=0,03). Conclusion: Detected significant difference for abdominal obesity, FBG, TK and LDL-K levels in OSA patients confirmed existing evidence of relation eith sleep apnea and metabolic syndrome. Although we determined, measured HSCRP levels may not be a good marker for presenting subclinic atherosclerosis in OSA patients

Goodbye Hartmann trial: a prospective, international, multicenter, observational study on the current use of a surgical procedure developed a century ago

Background: Literature suggests colonic resection and primary anastomosis (RPA) instead of Hartmann's procedure (HP) for the treatment of left-sided colonic emergencies. We aim to evaluate the surgical options globally used to treat patients with acute left-sided colonic emergencies and the factors that leading to the choice of treatment, comparing HP and RPA. Methods: This is a prospective, international, multicenter, observational study registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. A total 1215 patients with left-sided colonic emergencies who required surgery were included from 204 centers during the period of March 1, 2020, to May 31, 2020. with a 1-year follow-up. Results: 564 patients (43.1%) were females. The mean age was 65.9 ± 15.6&nbsp;years. HP was performed in 697 (57.3%) patients and RPA in 384 (31.6%) cases. Complicated acute diverticulitis was the most common cause of left-sided colonic emergencies (40.2%), followed by colorectal malignancy (36.6%). Severe complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥ 3b) were higher in the HP group (P &lt; 0.001). 30-day mortality was higher in HP patients (13.7%), especially in case of bowel perforation and diffused peritonitis. 1-year follow-up showed no differences on ostomy reversal rate between HP and RPA. (P = 0.127). A backward likelihood logistic regression model showed that RPA was preferred in younger patients, having low ASA score (≤ 3), in case of large bowel obstruction, absence of colonic ischemia, longer time from admission to surgery, operating early at the day working hours, by a surgeon who performed more than 50 colorectal resections. Conclusions: After 100&nbsp;years since the first Hartmann's procedure, HP remains the most common treatment for left-sided colorectal emergencies. Treatment's choice depends on patient characteristics, the time of surgery and the experience of the surgeon. RPA should be considered as the gold standard for surgery, with HP being an exception