Economics of wind energy utilisation for water pumping and CO2 mitigation potential in Niger Delta, Nigeria

The wind characteristics of six locations in Niger Delta, Nigeria, and the economics of the application of wind energy for water pumping and possible avoidable CO2 emissions through wind utilisation were examined. The wind data were measured at 10 m height and analysed using the two-parameter Weibull model. Small size wind turbines were accessed with Goulds 45J03 water pump series. The average power density, average energy density and annual energy across locations ranged between 6.28<_ APD <_ 102.90 W/M2, 4.49 <_AED <_ 82.96 kWh/m2 and 422<_AE <_ 747 kWh/m2/year, respectively. Bergey Excel-10 kW turbine had the lowest cost of energy and water pumping cost of 0.022 <_ COE <_ 0.151 $/kWh and 0.074 <_ WPC <_ 0.403$/m3, respectively. The annual capacity of water yield varies from 21,847 to 120,206 m3/year on a total dynamic head of 50 m. Furthermore, the annual diesel saved across the locations ranged from 1605 to 8696 l/year (17.47 to 94.67 GJ/year), while the annual averaged CO2 saved was between 4.32 and 22.93 tons/year

Penerapan Environmental Cost Accounting pada Pg. Modjopanggoong di Kabupaten Tulungagung

Peningkatan produksi gula berarti meningkat juga limbah hasil dari produksi gula. Limbah yang dihasilkan dari proses produksi gula tersebut berupa limbah padat, cair maupun gas. Ada beberapa pabrik gula kurang dapat mengelola limbah meraka dengan baik dan berdampak pada pencemaran lingkungan. Kasus yang terjadi yaitu kebocoran tetes PG. Ngadirejo dan kelalaian PG. Gempol kerep dalam pengelolaan limbahnya, hingga berdampak pada kematian masal ikan. Pengelolaan akan limbah hasil dari produksi gula ini harus benar-benar diperhatikan, karena dampak dari pencemaran limbah ini sendiri akan sangat merugikan bagi pihak eksternal maupun bagi internal pabrik itu sendiri. Dengan penerapan Environmental Cost Accounting Perusahaan dapat mengukur dampak lingkungan secara fisik maupun secara finansial. Penerapan ECA dapat dilakukan dengan model biaya kualitas lingkungan. Dengan mengkategorikan aktifitas terkait dengan pengelolaan lingkungan ke dalam empat kategori biaya kualitas lingkungan yaitu biaya pencegahan (prevention cost), biaya deteksi (detection cost), biaya kegagalan internal (internal failure cost), biaya kegagalan eksternal (external failure cost). Setelah itu membuat laporan biaya lingkungan dan laporan keuangan lingkungan. Dari situ didapatkan informasi-informasi yang dapat digunakan manajemen untuk pengembilan keputusan terkait dengan biaya lingkungan dan pengelolan limbah. PG. Modjopanggoong dalam pengelolaan limbahnya sudah cukup baik, namun PG belum menerapkan Environmental Cost Accounting

Democracy and National Development: A Focus on Nigeria

Democracy is a government form based on the general consent, is seen to becoming common in global nations; and that if the tenet is followed it facilitates national development. This study used the content analysis method to examine democracy in Nigeria and national development. It was found that some pre-colonial administrations in Nigeria had embraced democratic tenets before the colonials master came; the difference, however, border on structural arrangements. It was found that the version of western democracy has not adapted the Nigeria environment making its practice difficult and also difficult to attain national development. It was also found that the phase Nigeria democracy passed, especially, during the military regimes has not provided opportunities for development. The ethnic diversity of Nigeria and inabilities of leadership to manage it was found to pose legislative influence on democracy and national development. It was found that Nigeria environment lacks the absorptive capacity to accommodate liberal democracy considering the death of institutions and the skewed electoral process. It was found that absence of effective democracy in Nigeria disarticulated the pre-colonial democratic structure, and the exclusivist approach to liberal democracy and the rule of the game, manifest in incessant agitations, militancy, insurgency, banditry, and general underdevelopment. It was also suggested that a change in leadership approach is necessary, more importantly, to allow a breath of democratic participation in policy-making for national development. It was also recommended that all forms of discriminations are addressed and that constitutionalism should be upheld

Pencapaian Visi Misi melalui Penerapan Action dan Result Control

Saat ini, bidang olahraga sedang mengalami perkembangan, hal tersebut dapat dibuktikan dengan semakin banyaknya klub olahraga dan kompetisi-kompetisi olahraga yang diadakan, baik itu didalam negeri maupun luar negeri. Cabang olahraga di Indonesia yang cukup berkembang antara lain, bulutangkis, sepak bola, dan bola basket. Dengan adanya sistem manajemen olahraga yang profesional, maka dunia olahraga di Indonesia akan semakin berkembang. Klub olahraga sebagai wadah pengembangan atlit merupakan salah satu bagian dalam dunia olahraga yang mempunyai peranan penting bagi perkembangan olahraga. Oleh karena itu, sebagai salah satu fondasi dari perkembangan olahraga, manajemen olahraga professional merupakan suatu hal yang sangat penting. Dalam suatu klub olahraga, sumber daya manusia yaitu pemain merupakan salah satu asset penting yang mempunyai pengaruh besar terhadap kesuksesan pencapaian visi misi klub tersebut. Sehingga dalam sebuah klub diperlukan pengendalian-pengendalian untuk menjaga pemain untuk tetap sejalan dengan visi misi yang ingin dicapai oleh klub. Salah satu alat yang dapat digunakan adalah action dan result control, yang mana merupakan salah satu bentuk alat pengendalian dari sistem pengendalian manajemen. Oleh karenanya, dilakukan penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana penerapan action dan result control membantu pencapaian visi misi klub ,dan disini klub basket putri profesional Surabaya Fever sebagai obyeknya

End-use energy utilization efficiency of Nigerian residential sector

In this paper, the end-use efficiencies of the different energy carriers and the overall energy efficiency in the Nigerian residential sector (NRS) were estimated using energy and energy analysis. The energy and energy flows were considered from 2006 to 2011. The overall energy efficiency ranges from 19.15% in 2006 to 20.19% in 2011 with a mean of (19.96±0.23)% while the overall energy efficiency ranges from 4.34% in 2006 to 4.40% in 2011 with a mean of (4.31±0.059)%. The energy and energy efficiency margin was 15.58% with a marginal improvement of 0.07% and 0.02%, respectively when compared with previous results. The contribution of the energy carriers to the total energy and energy inputs were 1.45% and 1.43% for electricity, 1.95% and 3% for fossil fuel and 96.6% and 95.57% for bio-fuel. The result shows that approximately 65% of the residence use wood and biomass for domestic cooking and heating, and only a fraction of the residence have access to electricity. LPG was found to be the most efficient while kerosene, charcoal, wood and other biomass the least in this order. Electricity utilization energy efficiency is affected by vapor-compression air conditioning application apart from low potential energy applications. In addition, this paper has suggested alternatives in the end-use application and has demonstrated the relevance of energy analysis in enhancing sustainable energy policies and management and improved integration technique

A Typical Meteorological Year Generation Based on NASA Satellite Imagery (GEOS-I) for Sokoto, Nigeria

Energy remains the convergence point of most critical economic, environmental, and developmental issues confronting the wodd at the moment. Clean, efficient, stable, and sustainable energy seiVices are ideal for global prospe1ity. Energy is paramoru!l to achievi11g Nige1ia's Vision 20:2020 needed by the coruttly to be among the top 20 industiialized nations of the world. Lack of energy or its insufficiency in an economy is a potential source of social and economic pove1ty [I]. In general, a larger prop01tion of energy is found to be consumed in buildings in Nigeria as is the case in many countries. There is thus a growing concern about energy consrunp

Germinação de embrião de Mama-Cadela "in vitro".

Trabalhos e palestras apresentados no 40º. Congresso Brasileiro de Olericultura; 2º Congresso Ibero-Americamo sobre Utilização de Plástico na Agricultura; 1º Simpósio Latino-Americano de Produção de Plantas Medicinais, Aromáticas e Condimentares

Cultivo in vitro da planta medicinal Mana Cadela.

Trabalhos e palestras apresentadod no 40º Congresso Brasileiro de Olericultura; 2º Congresso Ibero-Americano sobre Utilização de Plástico na Agricultura; 1. Simpósio Latino-Americano de Produção de Plantas Medicinais, Aromáticas e Condimentares

Acceptability of malaria rapid diagnostic tests administered by village health workers in Pangani District, North eastern Tanzania.

BACKGROUND: Malaria continues to top the list of the ten most threatening diseases to child survival in Tanzania. The country has a functional policy for appropriate case management of malaria with rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) from hospital level all the way to dispensaries, which are the first points of healthcare services in the national referral system. However, access to these health services in Tanzania is limited, especially in rural areas. Formalization of trained village health workers (VHWs) can strengthen and extend the scope of public health services, including diagnosis and management of uncomplicated malaria in resource-constrained settings. Despite long experience with VHWs in various health interventions, Tanzania has not yet formalized its involvement in malaria case management. This study presents evidence on acceptability of RDTs used by VHWs in rural northeastern Tanzania. METHODS: A cross-sectional study using quantitative and qualitative approaches was conducted between March and May 2012 in Pangani district, northeastern Tanzania, on community perceptions, practices and acceptance of RDTs used by VHWs. RESULTS: Among 346 caregivers of children under 5 years old, no evidence was found of differences in awareness of HIV rapid diagnostic tests and RDTs (54 vs. 46 %, p = 0.134). Of all respondents, 92 % expressed trust in RDT results, 96 % reported readiness to accept RDTs by VHWs, while 92 % expressed willingness to contribute towards the cost of RDTs used by VHWs. Qualitative results matched positive perceptions, attitudes and acceptance of mothers towards the use of RDTs by VHWs reported in the household surveys. Appropriate training, reliable supplies, affordability and close supervision emerged as important recommendations for implementation of RDTs by VHWs. CONCLUSION: RDTs implemented by VHWs are acceptable to rural communities in northeastern Tanzania. While families are willing to contribute towards costs of sustaining these services, policy decisions for scaling-up will need to consider the available and innovative lessons for successful universally accessible and acceptable services in keeping with national health policy and sustainable development goals