Fatigue crack growth versus plastic CTOD in the 304L stainless steel

International audienceThe plastic CTOD range, δp, which quantifies crack tip plastic deformation, is used to study fatigue crack propagation instead of the classical ΔK elastic parameter. A da/dN-δp model was defined for the 304L stainless steel. da/dN was obtained experimentally in standard CT specimens while δp was predicted numerically using the finite element method. The numerical models replicated the experimental tests in terms of geometry, material properties and loading. The da/dN-δp model was used to predict the effects of stress state, load ratio and variable amplitude loading. All the results obtained respect the trends observed in literature, attesting that the da/dN-δp model is able to produce good qualitative predictions. Additionally it was found that crack closure is a main phenomenon affecting δp, and therefore da/dN, but there is also an effect of mean stress

Manual Therapy Associated With Upper Limb Exercises Vs. Exercises Alone For Shoulder Rehabilitation In Postoperative Breast Cancer

Our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of manual therapy (MT) associated with upper limb (UL) exercises in women with impaired shoulder range of motion (ROM) after axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) for breast cancer. A randomized, prospective, blinded clinical trial with 131 women with a ROM < 100°for shoulder flexion andor abduction on the first day postoperatively were evaluated. Sixty-six women were allocated to group exercises and 65 underwent the exercises followed by MT. Shoulder ROM was measured by goniometry, and function was evaluated by the Modified-University of California at Los Angeles Shoulder Rating Scalethe UCLA Scale, in the 1st, 6th, 12th, and 18th month after surgery. The chi-square test was used for the relationship between clinical characteristics and oncological treatment between groups, and ANOVA for repeat measures was used. No difference in recovery of shoulder ROM as well as UL function was observed between groups. Improvement in ROM was gradual from the 1st to the 18th month, and the function achieving a good classification at 18th month. MT associated with exercises did not enhance the results obtained with exercises alone for shoulder ROM and ipsilateral UL function. © Copyright Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.284299306Mtp, A., Teixeira, L.C., Sfm, D., Nogueira, M.D., Mpp, S., Gonçalves, A.V., Orientação domiciliar: Proposta de reabilitação fisica para mulheres submetidas a cirurgia por câncer de mama (2005) Revista de Ciencias Médicas, 14, pp. 405-413Chen, S.C., Chen, M.F., Timing of shoulder exercise after modified radical mastectomy: A prospective study (1999) Chang Gung Medical Journal, 22, pp. 37-43Cheville, A.L., Tchou, J., Barriers to rehabilitation following surgery for primary breast cancer (2007) Journal of Surgical Oncology, 95 (5), pp. 409-418. , DOI 10.1002/jso.20782Devoogdt, N., Van Kampen, M., Christiaens, M.R., Troosters, T., Piot, W., Beets, N., Nys, S., Gosselink, R., Short- and long-term recovery of upper limb function after axillary lymph node dissection (2011) European Journal Cancer Care, 20, pp. 77-86Farrell, J.P., Jensen, G.M., Manual therapy: A critical assessment of role in the profession of physical therapy (1992) Physical Therapy, 72, pp. 843-852Fitzgerald, G.K., McClure, P.W., Beattie, P., Riddle, D.L., Issues in determining treatment effectiveness of manual therapy (1994) Physical Therapy, 74 (3), pp. 227-233Gosselink, R., Rouffaer, L., Vanhelden, P., Piot, W., Troosters, T., Christiaens, M.-R., Recovery of upper limb function after axillary dissection (2003) Journal of Surgical Oncology, 83 (4), pp. 204-211. , DOI 10.1002/jso.10271Green, S., Buchbinder, R., Hetrick, S., Physiotherapy interventions for shoulder pain (2003) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, pp. CD004258Hayes, S., Battistutta, D., Newman, B., Objective and subjective upper body function six months following diagnosis of breast cancer (2005) Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 94 (1), pp. 1-10. , DOI 10.1007/s10549-005-5991-zLash, T.L., Silliman, R.A., Patient characteristics and treatments associated with a decline in upper-body function following breast cancer therapy (2000) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 53 (6), pp. 615-622. , DOI 10.1016/S0895-4356(99)00176-6, PII S0895435699001766Lauridsen, M.C., Christiansen, P., Hessov, I., The effect of physiotherapy on shoulder function in patients surgically treated for breast cancer: A randomized study (2005) Acta Oncologica, 44 (5), pp. 449-457. , DOI 10.1080/02841860510029905Levangie, P.K., Drouin, J., Magnitude of late effects of breast cancer treatments on shoulder function: A systematic review (2009) Breast Cancer Research Treatment, 116, pp. 1-15Maitland, G.D., Manipulation-mobilisation (1966) Physiotherapy, 52, pp. 382-385Marques, A.P., (1997) Angulos Articulares Dos Membros Superiores, 1997, 1a Ediçao, pp. 5-25. , AP Marques (ed) Manual de Goniometria Sao Paulo, Editora ManoleOku, E.C., Andrade, A.P., Stadiniky, S.P., Carrera, E.F., Tellini, G.G., (2006) Tradução e Adaptação Cultural Do Modified, 46 (4), pp. 246-252. , University of California at Los Angeles Shoulder Rating Scale para a Lingua Portuguesa Revista Brasileira de ReumatologiaRoque, C., (2002) Massage Applied to Scars.Wound Repair and Regeneration, 10, pp. 126-128Mpp, S., Sfm, D., Rezende, L.F., Cabello, C., Martinez, E.Z., Movimento do ombro após cirurgia por carcinoma invasor de mama: Estudo randomizado prospectivo controlado de exercicios livres versus limitados a 90 no pós-operatório (2004) Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetricia, 26, pp. 125-130Souza, M.Z., (2001) Fases da Reabilitação Do Complexo Do Ombro, pp. 87-132. , MZ Souza (ed Reabilitação do Complexo do Ombro. São Paulo, Editora ManoleSpringer, B.A., Levy, E., McGarvey, C., Pfalzer, L.A., Stout, N.L., Gerber, L.H., Soballe, P.W., Danoff, J., Preoperative assessment enables early diagnosis and recovery of shoulder function in patients with breast cancer (2010) Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 120, pp. 135-147Sugden, E.M., Rezvani, M., Harrison, J.M., Hughes, L.K., Shoulder movement after the treatment of early stage breast cancer (1998) Clinical Oncology, 10 (3), pp. 173-181. , DOI 10.1016/S0936-6555(98)80063-0Tasmuth, T., Von Smitten, K., Hietanen, P., Kataja, M., Kalso, E., Pain and other symptons after different treatment modalities of breast cancer (1998) Annals Oncology, 6, pp. 453-459Teys, P., Bisset, L., Vicenzino, B., The initial effects of a Mulligan's mobilization with movement technique on range of movement and pressure pain threshold in pain-limited shoulders (2008) Manual Therapy, 13 (1), pp. 37-42. , DOI 10.1016/j.math.2006.07.011, PII S1356689X06001238Van Der Horst, C.M., Kenter, J.A.L., De Jong, M.T., Keeman, J.N., Shoulder function following early mobilization of the shoulder after mastectomy and axillary dissection (1985) Netherlands Journal of Surgery, 37 (4), pp. 105-108Westrup, J.L., Lash, L., Thwin, S.S., Silliman, R.A., Risk of decline in upper-body function and symptoms among older breast cancer patients (2006) Journal of General Internal Medicine, 21, pp. 327-33

Atividade antimicrobiana de óleos essenciais em bactérias patogênicas de origem alimentar Antimicrobial activity of essential oils against sessile and planktonic pathogens of food source

Objetivou-se identificar e quantificar os constituintes e avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana dos óleos essenciais de Mentha piperita, Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum basilicum e Origanum majorana contra cepas de Escherichia coli enteropatogênica, Salmonella enterica Enteritidis, Listeria monocytogenes e Enterobacter sakazaki. A obtenção dos óleos essenciais foi realizada a partir de folhas secas, empregando-se a técnica de hidrodestilação e utilizando-se a aparelho de Clevenger modificado. A atividade antibacteriana dos óleos essenciais foi determinada pelo método de difusão em ágar. Observou-se que os óleos essenciais inibiram o crescimento bacteriano, mas a efetividade foi variada. Entre os óleos essenciais testados, M. piperita apresentou maior atividade antibacteriana para E. coli, (8.106 UA mL-1) quando comparada as demais bactérias, atividade moderada para Salmonella enterica Enteritidis e Enterobacter sakazakii (1.706 e 3.200 UA mL-1 respectivamente) e baixa atividade para Listeria monocytogenes (106,67 UA mL-1). Já óleo essencial de Cymbopogon citratus apresentou maior atividade antimicrobiana frente a E. coli (9.386 UA mL-1) e atividade moderada frente a Enterobacter sakazakii, Salmonella enterica Enteritidis e Listeria monocytogenes (2.773 UA mL-1 para ambas). Ocimum basilicum apresentou maior atividade antibacteriana frente E. coli e Enterobacter sakazakii (6.826 e 8.106 UA mL-1 respectivamente), moderada atividade frente a Salmonella enterica Enteritidis (1.600 UA mL-1) e não apresentou atividade frente a Listeria monocytogenes.Origanum majorana também foi testado neste estudo e apresentou maior atividade antimicrobiana frente E. coli (5.973 UA mL-1), atividade moderada para Salmonella enterica Enteritidis e Enterobacter sakazakii (1.706 e 2.346 UA mL-1 , respectivamente) e não apresentou atividade para Listeria monocytogenes.<br>ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to identify and quantify the constituents, and to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the essential oils from Mentha piperita, Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum basilicum and Origanum majorana, against enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica Enteritidis, Listeria monocytogenes and Enterobacter sakazakii. The essential oils were obtained from dried leaves by using the hydrodistillation technique and the modified Clevenger apparatus, and their bacterial activity was determined by using the agar diffusion technique. The essential oils inhibited bacterial growth, but their effectiveness was varied. Among the essential oils tested, that from M. piperita showed a greater antimicrobial activity against E. coli (8.106 UA mL-1), moderate activity for S. enterica Enteritidis and E. sakazakii (1.706 e 3.200 UA mL-1 respectively) and low activity for L. monocytogenes (106,67 UA mL-1). However, the essential oil from C. citratus presented a greater antimicrobial activity against E. coli (9.386 UA mL-1) and a moderate activity against E. sakazakii, S. enterica Enteritidis and L. monocytogenes (2.773 UA mL-1 for both). The essential oil from O. basilicum showed a greater antimicrobial activity against E. coli and E. sakazakii (6.826 e 8.106 UA mL-1 respectively),moderate activity against S. enterica Enteritidis (1.600 UA mL-1), and was inactive against L, monocytogenes. Origanum majorana, which was also tested in our work, showed a greater antibacterial activity against E. coli, (5.973 UA mL-1) moderate activity against S. enterica Enteritidis and E. sakazakii (1.706 e 2.346 UA mL-1 , respectively), and was inactive against L. monocytogenes