ALOCAÇÃO DE BIOMASSA EM PLANTAS DE BAMBU EM RESPOSTA A ADUBAÇÃO MINERAL

The present study aims to evaluate the influence of mineral fertilization on the allocation of biomass in the roots, culm and leaves of bamboo plants cultivated in green house. The soil is classified as Quartzipsamment, and it was fertilized with the doses equivalent to 0, 20, 40, 80, and 120 kg ha-1 of nitrogen and 0, 10, 40, 80, and 100 kg ha-1 of phosphorus and potassium. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications. Bamboo plants were grown for 120 days in green house. After this period the plants were harvested and the total biomass was determined as well the biomass allocation in leaves, culm and roots. The highest total dry weight biomass was achieved by the dose of 120, 10 e 100 kg ha-1 of NPK. The highest biomass production in leaves, was obtained with the dose equivalent to 80, 10 and 100 kg ha-1 NPK. The highest culm biomass biomass production was with the doses equivalent to 120, 40 and 100 kg ha-1 NPK. And the highest production in the root was achieved respectively by the doses of 80, 10 and 100 kg ha-1 of NPK. The fertilization whit N and K provided increase in the production of the total biomass of the bamboo plants.O presente estudo teve como o objetivo avaliar a influência da adubação mineral na alocação de biomassa nas raízes, colmo e folhas de bambu cultivadas em casa de vegetação. O solo é classificado como Neossolo Quartzarenico, foi adubado com as doses equivalentes a 0, 20, 40, 80 e 120 kg ha-1 de nitrogênio e 0, 10, 40, 80 e 100 kg ha-1 de fósforo e potássio, respectivamente. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em um esquema fatorial com quatro repetições. As plantas de bambu foram cultivadas durante 120 dias em casa de vegetação. Após este período as plantas foram coletadas e determinadas a biomassa das folhas, colmo, raízes e biomassa total. A maior produção de biomassa seca total foi obtida nas doses equivalentes a 120, 10 e 100 kg ha-1 de NPK. A maior produção da biomassa seca das folhas foi obtida com as doses equivalentes a 80, 10 e 100 kg ha-1 NPK, respectivamente. No colmo com as doses equivalentes a 120, 40 e 100 kg ha-1 NPK, respectivamente. E a maior produção nas raízes foi obtida respectivamente com as doses equivalente a e 80, 10 e 100 kg ha-1 de NPK. A adubação com N e K proporcionou aumento na produção da biomassa total das plantas de bambu

Sulfur evaluation and availability in soils cultivated with sugarcane in Pernambuco.

A queima da cana-de-açúcar por ocasião da colheita causa uma expressiva volatilização do enxofre contido no material vegetal, agravando possíveis deficiências deste nutriente a curto e médio prazo. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi gerar informações com o gesso mineral da região do Araripe-PE como fonte de enxofre para a cana-de-açúcar. Foram instalados cinco ensaios de campo em solos de diferentes classes texturais. Em todos os ensaios o delineamento experimental empregado foi o de blocos ao acaso. Os tratamentos em cada ensaio constituíramse da combinação de cinco doses de gesso mineral e três extratores químicos, com três repetições. Avaliaram-se os tratamentos em dois tempos de coleta de solo e duas profundidades de amostragem. As doses de enxofre foram definidas pela necessidade de calagem, calculada pelo método da neutralização do alumínio trocável e ou elevação dos teores trocáveis de cálcio para a camada 0,4-0,6 m deprofundidade. Os teores de enxofre no solo foram determinados usando três extratores. Com os resultados de produção da cana-de-açúcar, teores de enxofre na planta e no solo, foram determinados os níveis críticos de enxofre no solo e nas plantas. O extrator acetato de amônio em ácido acético extraiu mais enxofre em solos argilosos, de baixos valores de P-rem e com maiores teores de matéria orgânica, enquanto o extrator cloreto de cálcio apresentou menor poder de extração de enxofre, nas mesmas condições. Já o fosfato de cálcio, contendo fósforo e na presença de ácido acético, extraiu enxofre eficientemente, independente de características físicas e químicas dos solos. Os valores dos níveis críticos variaram entre os solos, no solo S1 ST variaram de 9,64 a 122,98 mg dm-3, no solo S2 CC variaram de 12,71 a 153,43 mg dm-3, no solo S3 PE variaram de 1,47 a 41,03 mg dm-3, no solo S4 TR variaram de 6,70 a 190,8 mg dm-3 e no solo S5 SA variaram de 28,46 a 162,46 mg dm-3; e foram crescentes em solos argilosos, de baixos valores de P-rem e com maiores teores de matéria orgânica. O nível crítico foliar de enxofreem Trapiche foi de 0,29 dag kg-1. As quantidades extraídas de enxofre pelos extratores se correlacionaram com o enxofre absorvido e acumulado nas folhas de cana-de-açúcar, no entanto, o cloreto de cálcio foi quem apresentou melhor coeficiente de correlação, tanto em superfície como em subsuperfície.Burning sugarcane for harvesting causes expressive volatization of the sulfur in the plant material, worsening possible nutrient deficiencies over the short and medium time-scales. This research aimed to generate data for using mineral gypsum from Araripe-PE region as a sulfur source for sugarcane. Five field experiments were installed in soils of different textural classes. In all experiments, the experimental design employed was randomized blocks. In each experiment the treatments were formed by combining five mineral gypsum levels and three chemical extractors, with three replicates. The treatments were evaluated at two soil sampling times, and two different depths. Sulfur doses were defined by liming requirement, calculated by the exchangeable aluminum neutralization and or calcium exchangeable content method, for the 0.4-0.6 soil depth layer. Soil sulfur contents were determined by three extractors. Ammonium acetate in acetic acid extracted the most sulfur in clayey soils, with low P-rem values and higher organic matter contents, while calcium chloride presented the lowest sulfur extraction power, under the same conditions. Calcium phosphate, with phosphorus and in the presence of acetic acid, extracted sulfur efficiently, independently of soil chemical and physical characteristics. The values ofthe critical levels varied among soils. In the soil S1 ST varied from 9,64 to 122,98 mg dm-3, in the soil S2 CC varied from 12,71 to 153,43 mg dm-3, in the soil S3 PE varied from 1,47 to 41,03 mg dm-3, in the soil S4 TR varied from 6,70 to 190,8 mg dm-3 and in the soil S5 SA varied from 28,46 to 162,46 mg dm-3; and were higher in clayey soils, with low P-rem values and higher organic matter contents. Trapiche´s critical sulfur leaf content was 0.29 dag.kg-1. Sulfur extracted by the chemical extractors correlated with leaf sulfur content and accumulation, with the highestcorrelation coefficient being for calcium chloride, in surface and subsurface.Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNP

GESSO MINERAL COMO FONTE DE ENXOFRE PARA CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR

The goal of this work was to evaluate the sulfur supply in soils of different textural classes using the mineral plaster originating of the region of Araripe-PE as sulfur source the sugar cane. They were installed 5 field rehearsals in different classes texturais soils to evaluate the effects of the mineral gypsum as sulfur source in the sugar cane plants nutrition. It searched the relations of the sulfur in plant, evaluating itself your availability. The rehearsals were led in the Zone of the Woods of Pernambuco. The experimental delineation employee was the one of blocks at random. The treatments in each rehearsal they constituted of the combination of 5 sulfur doses, with 3 repetitions (5 x 3). They evaluated the treatments at 16 months after the application of the sulfur doses calculated by the exchangeable aluminum neutralization and or calcium exchangeable content method, for the 0,4-0,6m soil depth layer. In the loamier soils and of smaller values of P-rem the sulfur doses promoted sugar cane larger production. The sulfur doses were enough for the sulfur supply for the sugar cane

NÍVEIS CRÍTICOS DE ENXOFRE EM SOLOS DE PERNAMBUCO

The burning of the sugar cane for occasion of the harvest causes an expressive volatilization of the sulfur contained in the vegetable material, worsening possible deficiencies of this nutritious the short and average term. The goal of this research was to evaluate and to determine the critical levels of sulfur in soils using the mineral gypsium as sulfur source. They were installed four field rehearsals in different class texturais soils. In all rehearsals the experimental delineation employee was blocks at random. The treatments in each rehearsal they constituted of the combination of five doses of mineral gypsium and three chemical extractors, with three repetitions. They evaluated the treatments at thirty days after the application of the sulfur doses in the depths 0-0,2m of sampling. The sulfur doses were defined from need to calagem, for the layer 0,4-0,6 m of depth. With the results of recovered sulfur and production of the sugar cane, they were certain the critical levels of sulfur in the soil. The ammonium acetate extractor in acetic acid extracted more sulfur in loamy soils, of low values of P-rem and with larger contents of organic matter, while the calcium chloride extractor introduced sulfur extraction smaller power, at the same terms. Already the calcium phosphate, contend match and in the presence of acetic acid, extracted efficiently, independent sulfur of physical and chemical characteristics of the soils. The critical levels of sulfur in the soil were increasing in loamy soils, of low values of P-rem and with larger contents of organic matter

DESENVOLVIMENTO INICIAL DE CULTIVARES DE MELÃO FERTIRRIGADAS COM DISTINTAS PROPORÇÕES DE ESGOTO DOMÉSTICO EM MOSSORÓ-RN

The inadequacy of sewage systems and water shortages in semi-arid Northeast is encouraging the reuse of water in the production of agricultural crops. This study aimed to analyze the effect of treated do- mestic sewage in the initial development of three melon cultivars in Mossoró-RN. The experiment was mounted on a split-plot in randomized blocks with plots cultivars of melon (Yellow Tikal, Cantaloupe type Harper and Gália) and the split-plots the proportions of water supply and domestic sewage (T1 - 100% water supply T2 - 50% of water supply and 50% of domestic sewage, T3 - 25% of water supply and 75% of domestic sewage and T4 - 100% domestic sewage) in three replicates. In the experimental period were analyzed for physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics of sewage and water supply. At 20 days after sowing was measured plant height, stem length, root length and stem diameter. The results showed that the fertirrigation of melon cultivars with domestic sewage minimizes the effect of water scarcity in semiarid. The development of cultivar Gália seedlings was not affected by application of primary domestic sewage. The T2 and T4 were the most suitable for the production of cultivar Gália seedlings

COMPOSIÇÃO DO LIXIVIADO EM QUATRO SOLOS DO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE IRRIGADOS COM ÁGUAS SALINAS

In many areas irrigated of the world, water supply of good quality not be enough for the maintenance of the irrigated agriculture, or your cost be elevated, seeking itself alternative with water use of the underground or even of drainage. Generally, these waters are not of good quality and they need to be well managed to avoid the degradation of the soils and damages to the plants. This work objectified evaluate the composition of lixiviate in four soils of Rio Grande do Norte, irrigated with waters of increasing levels of electric conductivity (EC) and sodium adsorption relation (SAR). This work aims to evaluate Assu/Mossoró, RN, agricultural production center soil degradation under irrigation with increasing electrical conductivity (EC) levels, and sodium adsorption rates (RAS), when cultivated with cantaloupe. The work was conducted in a greenhouse at the Environmental Sciences Department of Semi-Arid Rural Federal University. Four soil types, traditionally used for cantaloupe production, were used and irrigated with solutions corresponding to eight EC (EC = 100, 250, 500, 750, 1.250, 1.750, 2.250 and 3.000 ¿S/cm) and two SAR (SAR = 4 and 12) levels, as salinity treatments, corresponding to the irrigation waters used in the Northeast, with low sodification risk, especially in the studied area. So the experiment was a factorial arrangement of 4 x 8 x 2 (four soils, eight EC and two SAR), with three replicates, on a randomized block design. They were evaluated pH and EC, as well as cations and anions soluble of each lixiviate collected of the 10 days after transplanted of the dumb. The use of leaching solutions promoted salt leaching in four studied soils, mainly at Cambissolo and Neossolo.The increase in the concentration of the percolates solutions promoted larger losses of salts, which were crescent with the time of leachate

Alocação de biomassa em plantas de bambu em resposta a adubação mineral

O presente estudo teve como o objetivo avaliar a influência da adubação mineral na alocação de biomassa nas raízes, colmo e folhas de bambu cultivadas em casa de vegetação. O solo é classificado como Neossolo Quartzarenico, foi adubado com as doses equivalentes a 0, 20, 40, 80 e 120 kg ha-1 de nitrogênio e 0, 10, 40, 80 e 100 kg ha-1 de fósforo e potássio, respectivamente. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em um esquema fatorial com quatro repetições. As plantas de bambu foram cultivadas durante 120 dias em casa de vegetação. Após este período as plantas foram coletadas e determinadas a biomassa das folhas, colmo, raízes e biomassa total. A maior produção de biomassa seca total foi obtida nas doses equivalentes a 120, 10 e 100 kg ha-1 de NPK. A maior produção da biomassa seca das folhas foi obtida com as doses equivalentes a 80, 10 e 100 kg ha-1 NPK, respectivamente. No colmo com as doses equivalentes a 120, 40 e 100 kg ha-1 NPK, respectivamente. E a maior produção nas raízes foi obtida respectivamente com as doses equivalente a e 80, 10 e 100 kg ha-1 de NPK. A adubação com N e K proporcionou aumento na produção da biomassa total das plantas de bambu

CARACTERIZAÇÃO QUÍMICA DO SOLO EM UMA ÁREA DE IMPLANTAÇÃO DO PROJETO DE RECUPERAÇÃO DE ÁREAS DEGRADADAS DA JICA NO MUNICÍPIO DE PEDRO AVELINO-RN

For proposition of the better recovery practice is necessary to identify the main characteristics of index fingers soil of environmental degradation. For so much, it should seize upon chemical, physical and biological analyses. Thus, the goal of this work was to study some chemical indicators of environmental degradation in soils terms of semiarid. The soils were collected in the pilot's area JICA Project located in the municipal district of Pedro Avelino-RN, the choice of the area was due to your desertification degree. The analyses were accomplished in Soil, Plant and Water Analyses Laboratory of the University Semi-arid Rural Federal. The samples were collected in the layers of 5, 10, 20, 30 and 50 cm. The accomplished chemical analyses were: pH in water (1:2,5); Electric Conductivity (CE) in the extract 1:5; Ca+2,Mg+2, Na+ and K+ exchangeable, and P available. By the results, it verified that pH and CE increased with the depth, with regard to the contents of In the Na+ in the soil there was variation with the increase of the depth. To the thwart of the majority of the analyzed elements the K+ tended to decrease your content in the soil with the increase of the depth, The sodium elevated contents should be carried in consideration for the implantation of the recovery project, using itself preferentially resistant plants of sodicity