2,023 research outputs found
Innovation in the value chain of wood products: data, equations and life-cycle analysis
This chapter represents a review of the state of the art of the techniques and methodologies described and used in Lizarralde et af., 2008. Several issues have been reviewed and updated, while the work area and most of data remain equal,as an exercise of methodology review. Assessment of C02 sequestration on wood products starts to raise importance when measuring the global sequestration in a forest. In this work, a more accurate estimation of C0.2 on wood products is proposed,taking into account not only the volume but the useful life of those products. In order to estímate this carbon uptake and sequestration, innovation in forestry reveals new technologies and methodologies such as forest inventory using LiDAR technology or advanced modelling techniques. Besides,a new accountability and legal framework is added to review the state of the art of this particular issue. With this new information and knowing yield data of transformation of these products in final commercial products, the sequestration rate of each product and its useful life, we will be able to calculate the global sequestration of annual cuttings in an important and well-known forest in Spain.Instituto Universitario de Gestión Forestal Sostenibl
Log-periodic drift oscillations in self-similar billiards
We study a particle moving at unit speed in a self-similar Lorentz billiard
channel; the latter consists of an infinite sequence of cells which are
identical in shape but growing exponentially in size, from left to right. We
present numerical computation of the drift term in this system and establish
the logarithmic periodicity of the corrections to the average drift
New Constraints on the Lyman Continuum Escape Fraction at z~1.3
We examine deep far-ultraviolet (1600 Angstrom) imaging of the Hubble Deep
Field-North (HDFN) and the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF) to search for leaking
Lyman continuum radiation from starburst galaxies at z~1.3. There are 21
(primarily sub-L*) galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts between 1.1<z<1.5 and
none are detected in the far-UV. We fit stellar population templates to the
galaxies' optical/near-infrared SEDs to determine the starburst age and level
of dust attenuation, giving an accurate estimate of the intrinsic Lyman
continuum ratio, f_1500/f_700, and allowing a conversion from f_700 limits to
relative escape fractions. We show that previous high-redshift studies may have
underestimated the amplitude of the Lyman Break, and thus the relative escape
fraction, by a factor of ~2. Once the starburst age and intergalactic HI
absorption are accounted for, 18 galaxies in our sample have limits to the
relative escape fraction, f_esc,rel < 1.0 with some limits as low as f_esc,rel
< 0.10 and a stacked limit of f_esc,rel < 0.08. This demonstrates, for the
first time, that most sub-L* galaxies at high redshift do not have large escape
fractions. When combined with a similar study of more luminous galaxies at the
same redshift we show that, if all star-forming galaxies at z~1 have similar
relative escape fractions, the value must be less than 0.14 (3 sigma). We also
show that less than 20% (3 sigma) of star-forming galaxies at z~1 have relative
escape fractions near unity. These limits contrast with the large escape
fractions found at z~3 and suggest that the average escape fraction has
decreased between z~3 and z~1. (Abridged)Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ. aastex format. 39 pages, 11 figure
Anyon in External Electromagnetic Field: Hamiltonian and Lagrangian Formulations
We propose a simple model for a free relativistic particle of fractional spin
in 2+1 dimensions which satisfies all the necessary conditions. The canonical
quantization of the system leads to the description of one- particle states of
the Poincare group with arbitrary spin. Using the Hamil- tonian formulation
with the set of constraints, we introduce the electro- magnetic interaction of
a charged anyon and obtain the Lagrangian. The Casimir operator of the extended
algebra, which is the first-class constraint, is obtained and gives the
equation of motion of the anyon. In particular, from the latter it follows that
the gyromagnetic ratio for a charged anyon is two due to the parallelness of
spin and momentum of the particle in 2+1 dimensions. The canonical quantization
is also considered in this case.Comment: 9 pages, Latex, HU-SEFT R 1993-1
Stability window and mass-radius relation for magnetized strange quark stars
The stability of magnetized strange quark matter (MSQM) is investigated
within the phenomenological MIT bag model, taking into account the variation of
the relevant input parameters, namely, the strange quark mass, baryon density,
magnetic field and bag parameter. We obtain that the energy per baryon
decreases as the magnetic field increases, and its minimum value at vanishing
pressure is lower than the value found for SQM. This implies that MSQM is more
stable than non-magnetized SQM. Furthermore, the stability window of MSQM is
found to be wider than the corresponding one of SQM. The mass-radius relation
for magnetized strange quark stars is also derived in this framework.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures, 3 table
Análise econômica mensal sobre o setor de mandioca e derivados: maio/2010.
Menor oferta sustenta cotação em maio – O mês de maio foi caracterizado pela menor oferta de mandioca para a indústria de fécula, levando à diminuição na quantidade de mandioca processada pelas fecularias. Ainda que seja período de safra, a disponibilidade de mandioca de segundo ciclo é menor em relação a anos anteriores e, além disso, agricultores mantiveram-se retraídos em relação à colheita. Esses produtores não tiveram necessidade de caixa e aguardam preços ainda maiores nos próximos meses. O excesso de chuvas em alguns períodos de maio prejudicou a colheita, dificultando os trabalhos e diminuindo a quantidade ofertada à indústria. Vale destacara, também, que houve menor número de mão-de-obra disponível para a colheita, visto que parte dos agricultores já começou o preparo de solo para o plantio da safra 2010/11. Apesar da menor oferta em maio, o preço médio mensal da raiz de mandioca, considerando as regiões pesquisadas pelo Cepea, foi de R 0,3785/grama de amido na balança hidrostática de 5 kg), ligeira baixa de 0,5% frente à de abril. Já entre a última semana de abril e a última de maio, o preço médio subiu 18,8%, passando para R$ 237,81/t.Os preços médios mensais nos estados de São Paulo e Mato Grosso do Sul tiveram respectivas quedas de 4,9% e de 2,7% entre abril e maio.bitstream/item/23998/1/05MaiCEPEA.pd
Análise econômica mensal sobre o setor de mandioca e derivados: março/2010.
Mandioca: Preços recuam após três meses de alta ? A oferta de mandioca seguiu elevada para a indústria de fécula das regiões acompanhadas pelo Cepea em março. Este quadro foi atribuído aos preços favoráveis da cultura e também pelo clima favorável ao longo do período. Por conta destes fatores, as cotações que vinham se valorizando expressivamente em meses anteriores, passaram a ter elevações menos intensas. Em março, a tonelada da raiz destinada às fecularias foi cotada à média de R 0,4343/ grama de amido, considerando a balança hidrostática de 5 kg), subindo 5,4% frente à de fevereiro (R 236,89/t da última semana de fevereiro com o de R 269,13/t, aumento de 6,5% frente ao valor do mês anterior. No Mato Grosso do Sul, no mesmo período, houve valorização de 4,6%, com o produto cotado a R 195,81/t (Figura 1). Em âmbito regional, os preços tiveram alta em todas as regiões em março. A mais expressiva ocorreu na região de Assis (SP), de 11,9%, porém a mesma área teve a menor média do período (R 272,17/t), onde a valorização foi de 5,5%. A alta menos expressiva foi observada no sudeste do Mato Grosso do Sul, de 4,0%, com o produto cotado à média de R$ 234,06/t (Figura 2).bitstream/item/25774/1/03Mar.pd
Análise econômica mensal sobre o setor de mandioca e derivados: junho/2010.
Mandioca: Cotações se sustentam em junho – Junho caracterizou-se pelo aumento da oferta da raiz para a indústria de derivados de mandioca, por ser período de pico de safra. Diante deste quadro, principalmente na segunda quinzena do mês, houve pressão sobre as cotações do produto. Apesar disso, a média de junho ainda foi maior que a de maio. O preço médio da mandioca para fecularias foi de R 0,4238/grama de amido na balança hidrostática de 5 kg) em junho, alta de 13,2% frente à de maio, que foi de R 237,81/t) e igual período de junho (R 270,18/tonelada. A maior média de junho, de R$ 273,18/t, ocorreu no noroeste paranaense, com alta de 12,1% em relação à de maio.bitstream/item/24002/1/CEPEA06Jun.pd
Fabrication and arc erosion behavior of Ag-SnO2-ZnO electrical contact materials
This study investigated the synthesis of Ag-SnO2-ZnO by powder metallurgy methods and their subsequent electrical contact behavior. The pieces of Lambda g-SnO2-ZnO were prepared by ball milling and hot pressing. The arc erosion behavior of the material was evaluated using homemade equipment. The microstructure and phase evolution of the materials were investigated through X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that, although the mass loss of the Ag-SnO2-ZnO composite (9.08 mg) during the electrical contact test was higher than that of the commercial Ag-CdO (1.42 mg), its electrical conductivity remained constant (26.9 +/- 1.5% IACS). This fact would be related to the reaction of Zn2SnO4's formation on the material's surface via electric arc. This reaction would play an important role in controlling the surface segregation and subsequent loss of electrical conductivity of this type of composite, thus enabling the development of a new electrical contact material to replace the non-environmentally friendly Ag-CdO composite
Derivative Expansion and the Effective Action for the Abelian Chern-Simons Theory at Higher Orders
We study systematically the higher order corrections to the parity violating
part of the effective action for the Abelian Chern-Simons theory in 2+1
dimensions, using the method of derivative expansion. We explicitly calculate
the parity violating parts of the quadratic, cubic and the quartic terms (in
fields) of the effective action. We show that each of these actions can be
summed, in principle, to all orders in the derivatives. However, such a
structure is complicated and not very useful. On the other hand, at every order
in the powers of the derivatives, we show that the effective action can also be
summed to all orders in the fields. The resulting actions can be expressed in
terms of the leading order effective action in the static limit. We prove gauge
invariance, both large and small of the resulting effective actions. Various
other features of the theory are also brought out.Comment: 36 page
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