11 research outputs found
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Modelling urban-scale occupant behaviour, mobility, and energy in buildings: A survey
The proliferation of urban sensing, IoT, and big data in cities provides unprecedented opportunities for a deeper understanding of occupant behaviour and energy usage patterns at the urban scale. This enables data-driven building and energy models to capture the urban dynamics, specifically the intrinsic occupant and energy use behavioural profiles that are not usually considered in traditional models. Although there are related reviews, none investigated urban data for use in modelling occupant behaviour and energy use at multiple scales, from buildings to neighbourhood to city. This survey paper aims to fill this gap by providing a critical summary and analysis of the works reported in the literature. We present the different sources of occupant-centric urban data that are useful for data-driven modelling and categorise the range of applications and recent data-driven modelling techniques for urban behaviour and energy modelling, along with the traditional stochastic and simulation-based approaches. Finally, we present a set of recommendations for future directions in data-driven modelling of occupant behaviour and energy in buildings at the urban scale
Export Mechanisms and Energy Transduction in Type-III Secretion Machines
International audienc
Recent trends in the analysis of amino acids in fruits and derived foodstuffs
The amino acid content of fruit and fruit-derived foods is intensely studied, because of their contribution to nutritional value, aroma, taste and health-promoting effects and their possible use as markers of origin and authenticity. In this review, based on 101 references, the most recent trends in the analysis of amino acids are presented: the most important techniques, the different sample treatment procedures (including derivatisation) and the most frequent applications are described and compared.
Pertinent publications were retrieved from Scopus and Web of Knowledge database searches lastly performed in February 2012 with the keywords "amino acid", "analysis", "liquid chromatography", "gas chromatography", "electrophoresis", "fruit", "vegetables"; the time limit was set from the year 2000 onwards.
Although amino acids have been analysed in foods for decades, new technical possibilities and advancements have allowed ever increasing accuracy and targeting of the methods, in order to overcome the challenges posed by the complex plant matrices and by their high intrinsic variability