Análise morfológica e citoquímica da ovogenese de Atherinella brasiliensis(Quoy & Gaimard)(Atheriniformes,Atherinidae), em uma planície de maré adjacente a Gamboa de Baguacu, Baia de Paranaguá,Paraná

Orientador: Luís Fernando FávaroMonografia (Bacharelado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná. Setor de Ciencias Biológicas. Curso de Graduaçao em Ciencias BiológicasResumo : Devido à ausência de estudos que caracterizem o desenvolvimento ovocitário de Atherinella brasiliensis, este trabalho visa caracterizar a ovogênese da espécie, utilizando análises histológicas e citoquímicas. Foram realizadas coletas mensais entre novembro de 1998 a outubro de 1999 em uma planície de maré adjacente a gamboa do Baguaçu, na Baía de Paranaguá, Paraná. Os exemplares foram seccionados na região ventral e tiveram as gônadas retiradas, sendo que algumas foram fixadas em Bouin (máximo 20 horas) e em seguida armazenadas em álcool 70%. As gônadas foram preparadas para a realização de lâminas permanentes e coradas com Hematoxilina-Eosina (HE) (descrição morfológica) e com as técnicas de coloração, Ácido Periódico-Schiff (P AS) (detecção de açúcares neutros), Alcian Blue pH 2,5 (AB pH2,5) (detecção de açúcares ácidos carboxilados e sulfatados), Alcian Blue pH 1,0 (AB pH 1,0) (detecção de açúcares ácidos sulfatados) e Fast Green (FG) (detecção de proteínas totais): Através da análise· histológica dos ovários, corados com HE, foram caracterizadas 6 fases de desenvolvimento ovocitário. A análise morfológica permitiu observar entre o ovócito e as células foliculares (a partir da fase II) uma estrutura (camada) filamentosa acidófila. Através do P AS, o citoplasma mostrou uma maior intensidade de reação nas fases mais desenvolvidas. As células foliculares, a membrana vitelina e a camada dos filamentos se coraram em todas as fases. As vesículas citoplasmáticas não se coram, ao contrário dos grânulos de vitelo. Através do AB pH 2,5 detectou-se açúcares ácidos no citoplasma dos ovócitos, exceto nas fases I e VI. As vesículas citoplasmáticas, membrana vitelina e os filamentos mostram-se sem afinidade. As células foliculares e os grânulos de vitelomostram-se corados. Através do AB pH 1,0 detectou-se açúcares ácidos sulfatados no citoplasma dos ovócitos apenas nas fases II, III e IV. As vesículas citoplasmáticas, grânulos de vitelo, membrana vitelinae camada de filamentos não apresentaram coloração e as células foliculares apenas na fase II. A utilização do FG permitiu observar que o citoplasma dos ovócitos em todas as fases de desenvolvimento apresenta-se corado (exceto a fase I). A camada de filamentos, membrana vitelina e células foliculares possuem afinidade pelo corante. Os resultados do presente estudo permitem mencionar que a estrutura filamentosa, corada por P AS e FG, possivelmente desempenha a função de fixação do folículo maduro no substrato (auxiliando na fecundação e início do desenvolvimento embrionário), além de uma função protetora dos ovócitos, sugerindo uma adaptação reprodutiva da espécie no ambiente. Os carboidratos ácidos, provavelmente, são fundamentais na manutenção da ovogênese e os carboidratos neutros e proteínas, desempenham uma função de nutrição para o embrião. A presença de carboidratos neutros na membrana vitelina pode estar relacionada com o reconhecimento do espermatozóide específico

The effect of hydrogen on the fracture toughness of friction-stir welded API 5L X70 pipeline steels

The hydrogen embrittlement (HE) leads to severe steel degradation of mechanical properties. The hydrogen atoms diffuse into the steel and get posi- tioned into reversible and irreversible trap sites. The pipe to transport oil and gas needs to be welded to construct long-distance pipeline projects; thus, friction-stir welding (FSW) has proven an excellent alternative to joining these pipelines. Therefore, this work assessed and analyzed the influence of hydro- gen on the microstructure and fracture toughness of API 5L X70 steel welded by friction-stir welding. The in-service conditions were simulated by charging the specimen electrolytically in a 3.5% NaCl water solution with an intensity current of 2 mA cm 2 . According to fracture toughness tests, the base metal (BM) was more affected by hydrogen embrittlement than the friction-stir zone (SZ), with a fracture toughness reduction of 20% after hydrogen charging. The SZ fracture toughness did not statistically show changes in hydrogen charging by the used times; however, the fracture mechanism changed from ductile to brittle-like after 4 days of charging. The SZ depicted a better fracture toughness than BM due to the bainitic microstructure, a significant amount of irrevers- ible hydrogen trapping.The authors acknowledge the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development scholarship, CNPq - Brazil, grant number: 165065/2017-6. This research used facilities of the Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), part of the Brazilian Centre for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), a private non-profit organization under the supervision of the Brazilian Ministry for Science, Technology, and Innovations (MCTI). In addition, the author would like to thank the staff at the University of S ̃ao Paulo, specifi- cally in the Materials Engineering Department at the S ̃ao Carlos School of Engineering (SMM, EESC-USP), the Laboratory for Friction and Wear Technology (LTAD) at F I G U R E 1 3 Orientation maps showing the crack path at the stable crack propagation region during the CTOD test. (A, B) H-free samples from the BM and SZ and (C, D) H-charged samples from BM and SZ [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] 12 GIAROLA ET AL . the Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), and the Multi-user Laboratory Complex (C-LABMU) ate the State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG). The authors also acknowledge Gabriel Severino de Almeida for the sample preparation. H.C. Pinto is a CNPq fellow. J. A. Avila is a Serra Hunter Fellow and a CNPq fellow.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

A simple criterion to predict the glass forming ability of metallic alloys

A new and simple criterion with which to quantitatively predict the glass forming ability (GFA) of metallic alloys is proposed. It was found that the critical cooling rate for glass formation (R-C) correlates well with a proper combination of two factors, the minimum topological instability (lambda(min)) and the Delta h parameter, which depends on the average work function difference (Delta phi) and the average electron density difference (Delta n(ws)(1/3)) among the constituent elements of the alloy. A correlation coefficient (R-2) of 0.76 was found between R-c and the new criterion for 68 alloys in 30 different metallic systems. The new criterion and the Uhlmann's approach were used to estimate the critical amorphous thickness (Z(C)) of alloys in the Cu-Zr system. The new criterion underestimated R-C in the Cu-Zr system, producing predicted Z(C) values larger than those observed experimentally. However, when considering a scale factor, a remarkable similarity was observed between the predicted and the experimental behavior of the GFA in the binary Cu-Zr. When using the same scale factor and performing the calculation for the ternary Zr-Cu-Al, good agreement was found between the predicted and the actual best GFA region, as well as between the expected and the observed critical amorphous thickness. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3676196]FAPESP (Brazil)FAPESP (Brazil

Social Responsibility as Displacement of Capitalism: Evidences from Banks in Brazil

The purpose of the study is to understand the dynamics of institutionalizing Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the Field of Banking Organizations in Brazil. By means of a social analytical model proposed by Boltanski & Chiapello (1999), and retrieving the conceptual bases of the institutional approach and using the notion of interest in Bourdieu (1996), we arrived at an analytical model that enabled us to understand CSR as part of a movement to displace capitalism. We defend the theory that when institutionalizing CSR, the actions are justifiable in terms of the common good, legitimizing it by tests and structural arrangements while at the same time serving interests inherent to the Field. The field research considered around thirty organizations, including documentary analysis and interviews. We find that, from being an isolated marginal action, CSR in the past ten years is now a structured action in banking organizations, while at the same time becoming a social value that may contribute toward the legitimacy of the Field. Along these lines, the study demonstrated that retail banks are those most involved in the CSR movement, which confirms the theory of the phenomenon as displacement of capitalism

Molecular typing and virulence markers of Yersinia enterocolitica strains from human, animal and food origins isolated between 1968 and 2000 in Brazil

Molecular typing and virulence markers were used to evaluate the genetic profiles and virulence potential of 106 Yersinia enterocolitica strains. of these strains, 71 were bio-serotype 4/O: 3, isolated from human and animal clinical material, and 35 were of biotype 1 A or 2 and of diverse serotypes, isolated from food in Brazil between 1968 and 2000. Drug resistance was also investigated. All the strains were resistant to three or more drugs. The isolates showed a virulence-related phenotype in the aesculin, pyrazinamidase and salicin tests, except for the food isolates, only two of which were positive for these tests. For the other phenotypic virulence determinants (autoagglutination, Ca++ dependence and Congo red absorption), the strains showed a diverse behaviour. The inv, ail and ystA genes were detected in all human and animal strains, while all the food isolates were positive for inv, and 3% of them positive for ail and ystA. The presence of virF was variable in the three groups of strains. The strains were better discriminated by PFGE than by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR (ERIC-PCR). A higher genomic similarity was observed among the 4/O: 3 strains, isolated from human and animal isolates, than among the food strains, with the exception of two food strains possessing the virulence genes and grouped close to the 4/O: 3 strains by ERIC-PCR. Unusually, the results revealed the virulence potential of a bio-serotype 1 A/O: 10 strain, suggesting that food contaminated with Y. enterocolitica biotype 1 A may cause infection. This also suggests that ERIC-PCR may be used as a tool to reveal clues about the virulence potential of Y. enterocolitica strains. Furthermore, the results also support the hypothesis that animals may act as reservoirs of Y. enterocolitica for human infections in Brazil, an epidemiological aspect that has not been investigated in this country, confirming data from other parts of the world

EBSD-data analysis of an additive manufactured maraging 300 steel submitted to different tempering and aging treatments

Maraging is a high alloy steel sensitive to the precipitation of intermetallics from a supersaturated solid solution during aging heat treatments. The precipitation phenomenon is well described in the literature, which gave rise to the alloy name regarding a martensite matrix with precipitates formed by aging treatment. Many studies have been performed to characterize this material, usually subjected to many sample preparations for transmission microscopy, which is very laborious, and few EBSD analyses.This research was funded by FAPESP grants (2017/17697-5, 2019/00691-0, and 2020/09079- 2) and was supported by LNNano – Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (CNPEM/MCTI) during the use of the electron microscopy open access facility. F. Conde acknowledges the Ph.D. scholarship CNPq 142440/2019-1. This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES) -Finance Code 001. In addition, JPO acknowledges funding by national funds from FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., in the scope of the projects LA/P/0037/2020, UIDP/50025/2020 and UIDB/50025/2020 of the Associate Laboratory Institute of Nanostructures, Nanomodelling, and Nanofabrication – i3N. Finally, Julian A. Avila is a Serra Hunter Fellow and a CNPq fellow.Postprint (published version

Effect of saline environment on the fatigue crack growth resistance of WE43 Mg alloy

New magnesium alloys have been developed to reduce the weight of engineering components without compromising the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance; however, there is a lack in the literature regarding such properties. Hence, this work focuses on studying the fatigue crack propagation of the WE43 magnesium alloy, considering the effects of air and sodium chloride environments. Fatigue results showed similar behavior for both, main and transverse, directions regarding the rolling mill process. Yet, fatigue crack rates (FCR) were higher in the sodium chloride environment than in laboratory air, which could be attributed to hydrogen embrittlement and anodic dissolution at the crack tip. Laboratory air FCR results presented a lower m value (3.63 and 1.72) than the one found for the sodium chloride environment (9.15 and 4.83), indicating a lower FCR rate variation with ¿K. Comparing FCR for saline and air conditions, at the end of Paris' region II, FCR in the saline environment was enhanced by almost two orders of magnitude (¿K= 11 MPa.m1/2). Furthermore, fractography showed mixed intergranular and transgranular cracking in the saline environment.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Antimony orthophosphate glasses with large nonlinear refractive indices, low two-photon absorption coefficients, and ultrafast response

Antimony glasses based on the composition Sb2O3-SbPO4 were prepared and characterized. The samples present high refractive index, good transmission from 380 to 2000 nm, and high thermal stability. The nonlinear refractive index, n(2), of the samples was studied using the optical Kerr shutter technique at 800 nm. The third-order correlation signals between pump and probe pulses indicate ultrafast response (<100 fs) for all compositions. Enhancement of n(2) was observed by adding lead oxide to the Sb2O3-SbPO4 composition. Large values of n(2)approximate to10(-14) cm(2)/W and negligible two-photon absorption coefficients (smaller than 0.01 cm/GW) were determined for all samples. The glass compositions studied present appropriate figure-of-merit for all-optical switching applications. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics