Tianfenicol no tratamento do cancroide. Estudo de 1.128 casos

Thiamphenicol, an aminic derivate of hydrocarbilsulfonil propandiol, was used for the treatment of 1,171 chancroid bearing patients. Each patient was medicated with 5.0 g of granulated thiamphenicol, orally, in a single dose, and was reevaluated 3, 7 and 10 days after the treatment. Ten patients (0.89%) did not respond to the proposed treatment. 133 patients presented healed ulcers after 3 days of treatment, 976 patients healed chancres on the seventh day after the treatment, and 39 patients took 10 days to present healed chancres. The results of this study indicate that the rate of patients that were cured, the low incidence of side effects, and the practicality of administration make of thiamphenicol an excellent choice for the treatment of chancroid.O tiamfenicol, derivado amínico do hidrocarbilsulfonil propandiol, foi utilizado para o tratamento de 1.171 pacientes portadores de cancróide. Cada paciente foi medicado com 5,0 g de tianfenicol granulado, via oral e em dose única, sendo reavaliados após 3, 7 e 10 dias do tratamento. Dez pacientes (0,89%) não responderam à terapêutica proposta; 133 pacientes apresentaram úlceras cicatrizadas após 3 dias do tratamento; 976 pacientes apresentaram lesões cicatrizadas no sétimo dia após o tratamento e, 39 pacientes levaram 10 dias para apresentarem lesões cicatrizadas. Os resultados deste estudo indicam que o índice de cura, a baixa incidência de efeitos colaterais, e a praticidade de administração fazem hoje do tianfenicol uma excelente escolha no tratamento do cancróide

Custos de transação e política de defesa da concorrência

O objetivo deste artigo é examinar algumas implicações que a teoria dos custos de transação traz para a implementação de políticas de defesa da concorrência ou “antitruste”, principalmente no que tange aos critérios utilizados para a avaliação da existência ou não de efeitos anticompetitivos oriundos de diferentes condutas e estratégias empresariais. Como será argumentado, a consideração da funcionalidade de diferentes formas organizacionais ou contratuais na gestão das transações entre os agentes econômicos é um importante pré-requisito para que a ação das autoridades antitruste não acabe por coibir a emergência de ganhos de eficiência nesta esfera

Defesa da concorrência e regulação

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Avaliação in vitro da atividade de seis drogas antimicrobianas contra Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Use of antimicrobials for the treatment of gonorrhea started in 1930 with the utilization of sulfonamides. With the years other drugs were used for its treatment such as penicillin, tetracycline, spectinomycin, and others. Although highly specific in the beginning, these drugs, with time did not show anymore the expected therapeutic results because of aspects of chromosomal and plasmid-mediated resistance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains to six drugs used for its treatment (penicillin, tetracycline, cefoxitin, thiamphenicol, spectinomycin and ofloxacin) by the determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations of these drugs. We concluded that drugs, such as cefoxitin, thiamphenicol and spectinomycin still are excellent pharmacological agents for the treatment of gonorrhea. Penicillin, although still efficient, needs more attention regarding its use, as well as ofloxacin, because of the emergence of resistant strains. Tetracycline and its derivatives should be strongly contraindicated for the treatment of gonorrhea.A utilização de antimicrobianos no tratamento da gonorréia iniciou-se em 1930 com a utilização das sulfonamidas. No decorrer dos anos outras drogas passaram a ser utilizadas em seu tratamento como a penicilina, tetraciclina, espectinomicina e outras. Embora altamente eficazes no início, essas drogas, ao longo do tempo, passaram a não mais apresentar o resultado terapêutico esperado em virtude do aparecimento de quadros de resistência cromossômica e plasmidial. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a sensibilidade de cepas de Neisseria gonorrhoeae a seis drogas utilizadas no seu tratamento (penicilina, tetraciclina, cefoxitina, tianfenicol, espectinomicina e ofloxacina) através da concentração inibitória mínima. Concluimos que drogas como a cefoxitina, o tianfenicol e a espectinomicina ainda constituem excelentes fármacos para o tratamento da gonorréia. A penicilina, embora ainda eficaz, enseja maiores cuidados na sua utilização, assim como a ofloxacina, frente ao surgimento de cepas resistentes e, a tetraciclina e seus derivados deve ser sobremaneira contra-indicada no tratamento da gonorréia

Testosterone replacement maintains smooth muscle content in the corpus cavernosum of orchiectomized rats

International audienceObjective:To evaluate the effects of testosterone (T) on the maintenance of corpus cavernosum (CC) structure and apoptosis.Methods:Animals were divided into three groups: sham operation group (n = 8) underwent sham operation; Orchiectomized (Orchiec)+ oily vehicle group (n = 8) underwent bilateral orchiectomy and received a single dose of oily vehicle by intramuscular injection (i.m.) 30 days after orchiectomy; and Orchiec + T group (n = 8) underwent bilateral orchiectomy and received a single dose of T undecanoate 100 mg/kg i.m. 30 days after the surgery. Animals were euthanized 60 days after the beginning of the experiment with an anesthetic overdose of ketamine and xylazine. Blood samples and penile tissue were collected on euthanasia. Azan's trichrome staining was used to evaluate smooth muscle, Weigert's Fucsin-Resorcin staining was used to evaluate elastic fibers and Picrosirius red staining was used to evaluate collagen. Apoptosis was evaluated using TUNEL technique.Results:T levels decreased in Orchiec + oily vehicle when compared to sham operation and Orchiec + T groups (p < 0.001). T deprivation reduced trabecular smooth muscle content and penile diameter and T replacement maintained both parameters (p = 0.005 and p = 0.001, respectively). No difference was observed in the content of sinusoidal space (p = 0.207), elastic fibers (p = 0.849), collagen (p = 0.216) and in apoptosis (p = 0.095).Conclusion:Normal testosterone levels maintain CC smooth muscle content and do not influence elastic fibers, collagen content and apoptotic index. Further studies should be performed in order to investigate the mechanisms by which androgen mediates its effects on CC structure

Política antitruste: um enfoque schumpeteriano

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Epidemiologic aspects of gonorrhea in patients of the Geraldo H. de Paula Souza Health Center of the School of Public Health, University of S. Paulo (1974-1978)

The epidemiologic aspects of 708 cases of acute gonorrhea in patients of both sexes attended at the Health Center of the School of Public Health, University of S. Paulo, S. Paulo, Brazil, from 1974-1978 were described. Statistics were calculated for the following: sex, age, race, marital status, occupation, venereal antecedents, and prior treatment, if any. The incubation period, the time between the initial symptomatology and the patient's procuring medical help, and the characteristics of the source of infection are also given. The methods of diagnosis and therapeutic schedules applied are described, with special attention being given to the proportion of cases associated with trichomoniasis, this detected through examination of fresh discharge material.São descritos os caracteres epidemiológicos de 708 casos de gonorréia aguda, em pacientes de ambos os sexos, atendidos num período de 5 anos no Centro de Saúde "Geraldo H. de Paula Souza" da Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil. São relatadas as distribuições por: sexo, idade, cor, estado civil, ocupação, presença ou não de antecedentes venéreos e de tratamento prévio, além do período de incubação, do tempo decorrido entre o início da sintomatologia e a procura do serviço e das características da fonte de contágio. Sob um ponto de vista operacional, são descritos ainda os métodos de diagnóstico e o esquema terapêutico utilizados, com especial referência à proporção de casos que apresentaram associação com tricomoníase, ao exame direto a fresco da secreção

The effects of a skill-based intervention for victims of bullying in Brazil

This study’s objective was to verify whether improved social and emotional skills would reduce victimization among Brazilian 6th grade student victims of bullying. The targets of this intervention were victimized students; a total of 78 victims participated. A cognitive-behavioral intervention based on social and emotional skills was held in eight weekly sessions. The sessions focused on civility, the ability to make friends, self-control, emotional expressiveness, empathy, assertiveness, and interpersonal problem-solving capacity. Data were analyzed through Poisson regression models with random effects. Pre- and post-analyses reveal that intervention and comparison groups presented significant reduced victimization by bullying. No significant improvement was found in regard to difficulties in practicing social skills. Victimization reduction cannot be attributed to the program. This study contributes to the incipient literature addressing anti-bullying interventions conducted in developing countries and highlights the need for approaches that do not exclusively focus on the students’ individual aspects.São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) - 2013/22361-5 and 2015/01794-6CIEC – Research Centre on Child Studies, IE, UMinho (FCT R&D unit 317), Portuga