Roles of the DYRK Kinase Pom2 in Cytokinesis, Mitochondrial Morphology, and Sporulation in Fission Yeast

Pom2 is predicted to be a dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation regulated kinase (DYRK) related to Pom1 in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. DYRKs share a kinase domain capable of catalyzing autophosphorylation on tyrosine and exogenous phosphorylation on serine/threonine residues. Here we show that Pom2 is functionally different from the well-characterized Pom1, although they share 55% identity in the kinase domain and the Pom2 kinase domain functionally complements that of Pom1. Pom2 localizes to mitochondria throughout the cell cycle and to the contractile ring during late stages of cytokinesis. Overexpression but not deletion of pom2 results in severe defects in cytokinesis, indicating that Pom2 might share an overlapping function with other proteins in regulating cytokinesis. Gain and loss of function analyses reveal that Pom2 is required for maintaining mitochondrial morphology independently of microtubules. Intriguingly, most meiotic pom2Δ cells form aberrant asci with meiotic and/or forespore membrane formation defects. Taken together, Pom2 is a novel DYRK kinase involved in regulating cytokinesis, mitochondrial morphology, meiosis, and sporulation in fission yeast

Quantitative Microscopy Reveals Centromeric Chromatin Stability, Size, and Cell Cycle Mechanisms to Maintain Centromere Homeostasis

The deposited item is a book chapter and is part of the series "Centromeres and Kinetochores" published by the publisher Springer Verlag. The deposited book chapter is a post-print version and has been submitted to peer reviewing. There is no public supplementary material available for this publication. This publication hasn't any creative commons license associated.Centromeres are chromatin domains specified by nucleosomes containing the histone H3 variant, CENP-A. This unique centromeric structure is at the heart of a strong self-templating epigenetic mechanism that renders centromeres heritable. We review how specific quantitative microscopy approaches have contributed to the determination of the copy number, architecture, size, and dynamics of centromeric chromatin and its associated centromere complex and kinetochore. These efforts revealed that the key to long-term centromere maintenance is the slow turnover of CENP-A nucleosomes, a critical size of the chromatin domain and its cell cycle-coupled replication. These features come together to maintain homeostasis of a chromatin locus that directs its own epigenetic inheritance and facilitates the assembly of the mitotic kinetochore.There are no funders and sponsors indicated explicitly in the document.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Strategies to Target Tumor Immunosuppression

The tumor microenvironment is currently in the spotlight of cancer immunology research as a key factor impacting tumor development and progression. While antigen-specific immune responses play a crucial role in tumor rejection, the tumor hampers these immune responses by creating an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Recently, major progress has been achieved in the field of cancer immunotherapy, and several groundbreaking clinical trials demonstrated the potency of such therapeutic interventions in patients. Yet, the responses greatly vary among individuals. This calls for the rational design of more efficacious cancer immunotherapeutic interventions that take into consideration the “immune signature” of the tumor. Multimodality treatment regimens that aim to enhance intratumoral homing and activation of antigen-specific immune effector cells, while simultaneously targeting tumor immunosuppression, are pivotal for potent antitumor immunity

Divergência genética em germoplasma de aveias silvestres com base em caracteres multicategóricos e quantitativos

As aveias silvestres são importantes fontes de genes para programas de melhoramento e sua caracterização é fundamental para a efetiva conservação e uso. Por isso, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a divergência genética em uma coleção de 71 subamostras de aveias silvestres, do Banco de Germoplasma da Embrapa Trigo, com base em caracteres multicategóricos e quantitativos. Procederam-se às análises de variância, para os caracteres quantitativos, e multivariada, para ambos os tipos de caracteres. Os métodos de agrupamento UPGMA, a partir da distância euclidiana média (caracteres multicategóricos), e de ligação completa, com base na distância de Mahalanobis (caracteres quantitativos), foram os mais adequados para ilustrar a relação entre as subamostras. A pilosidade da base dos grãos foi o caractere com maior contribuição relativa para divergência genética (32,16%) e a menor contribuição foi da pilosidade do nó superior (0,081%). As subamostras divergiram quanto a vinte caracteres: pilosidade da bainha da folha inferior, bordas da lâmina imediatamente abaixo da folha bandeira, nó superior, face externa do lema e base do grão; posição da folha bandeira e das ramificações na panícula; frequência de plantas com folha bandeira recurvada; intensidade da pilosidade do nó superior e da cerosidade do lema; orientação das ramificações na panícula; comprimento dos pelos basais do grão, ráquila, panícula, glumas e planta; cor do lema, tipo de arista, número de grãos por espigueta e ciclo. O germoplasma apresenta elevada variabilidade genética e genes de interesse para o melhoramento de aveias

Structural patterns and genetic diversity among oat (Avena) landraces assessed by microsatellite markers and morphological analysis

As a counterweight to genetic erosion, landraces could become important germplasm resources for breeding. In the present study the genetic diversity of 62 Greek and Eastern European oat accessions (seven cultivars and 55 common and red oat landraces collected from 1904 to 1960) was studied using simple sequence repeats and 31 morphological descriptors. High levels of polymorphism were detected and 209 distinctive alleles were identified; on average 14.65 alleles per primer. Both, the principal component analysis derived from the morphological data, and the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean from the molecular analysis clustered the oat genotypes according to their type (common and red oats). In addition, the analysis of molecular variation showed that there were noteworthy differences within designated geographic regions. Moreover, a more discrete subpopulation structure was identified based on allele frequency using a Bayesian clustering approach. A clear distinction was evident among the red and common oats suggesting that they should be considered as separate species