Interacting Ghost Dark Energy in Non-Flat Universe

A new dark energy model called "ghost dark energy" was recently suggested to explain the observed accelerating expansion of the universe. This model originates from the Veneziano ghost of QCD. The dark energy density is proportional to Hubble parameter, $\rho_D=\alpha H$, where $\alpha$ is a constant of order $\Lambda_{\rm QCD}^3$ and $\Lambda_{\rm QCD}\sim 100 MeV$ is QCD mass scale. In this paper, we extend the ghost dark energy model to the universe with spatial curvature in the presence of interaction between dark matter and dark energy. We study cosmological implications of this model in detail. In the absence of interaction the equation of state parameter of ghost dark energy is always $w_D > -1$ and mimics a cosmological constant in the late time, while it is possible to have $w_D < -1$ provided the interaction is taken into account. When $k = 0$, all previous results of ghost dark energy in flat universe are recovered. To check the observational consistency, we use Supernova type Ia (SNIa) Gold sample, shift parameter of Cosmic Microwave Background radiation (CMB) and the Baryonic Acoustic Oscillation peak from Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The best fit values of free parameter at $1\sigma$ confidence interval are: $\Omega_m^0= 0.35^{+0.02}_{-0.03}$, $\Omega_D^0=0.75_{-0.04}^{+0.01}$ and $b^2=0.08^{+0.03}_{-0.03}$. Consequently the total energy density of universe at present time in this model at 68% level equates to $\Omega_{\rm tot}^0=1.10^{+0.02}_{-0.05}$.Comment: 19 pages, 9 figures. V2: Added comments, observational consequences, references, figures and major corrections. Accepted for publication in General Relativity and Gravitatio

Fitting the integrated Spectral Energy Distributions of Galaxies

Fitting the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of galaxies is an almost universally used technique that has matured significantly in the last decade. Model predictions and fitting procedures have improved significantly over this time, attempting to keep up with the vastly increased volume and quality of available data. We review here the field of SED fitting, describing the modelling of ultraviolet to infrared galaxy SEDs, the creation of multiwavelength data sets, and the methods used to fit model SEDs to observed galaxy data sets. We touch upon the achievements and challenges in the major ingredients of SED fitting, with a special emphasis on describing the interplay between the quality of the available data, the quality of the available models, and the best fitting technique to use in order to obtain a realistic measurement as well as realistic uncertainties. We conclude that SED fitting can be used effectively to derive a range of physical properties of galaxies, such as redshift, stellar masses, star formation rates, dust masses, and metallicities, with care taken not to over-interpret the available data. Yet there still exist many issues such as estimating the age of the oldest stars in a galaxy, finer details ofdust properties and dust-star geometry, and the influences of poorly understood, luminous stellar types and phases. The challenge for the coming years will be to improve both the models and the observational data sets to resolve these uncertainties. The present review will be made available on an interactive, moderated web page (sedfitting.org), where the community can access and change the text. The intention is to expand the text and keep it up to date over the coming years.Comment: 54 pages, 26 figures, Accepted for publication in Astrophysics & Space Scienc

Analysis of Ductile Bursting in Pressure Vessels of Texture-Hardening and Filament-Wrapped Materials

Analyses are presented for predicting the strength governed by the plastic tensile instability (PTI) phenomenon in thin-walled cylindrical and spherical pressure vessels constructed of texture- hardening alloys and with or without over-wrapped filaments. These analyses are important in predicting ductile bursting of pressure vessels used in such high-performance applications as high-pressure storage bottles, liquid-propellant tankage, and solid rocket casings. The analyses cover cylindrical pressure vessels subject to any ratio of biaxial stresses. Also means of estimating the effect of finite length is presented. Spherical vessels of texture- hardening material and cylindrical vessels with filaments over wrapped on a texture-hardening metallic substrate are treated as special cases. The analytical results are compared with available experimental results with good success.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline

Mode B ultrasonography and abdominal Doppler in crab-eating-foxes ( Cerdocyon thous )

Annually hundreds of crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous) are referred to rehabilitation centers and zoos in Brazil. The ultrasonographic study of wildlife species is an important tool for a non-invasive and accurate anatomical description and provides important information for wildlife veterinary care. The aim of the present study was to determine the characteristics of the main abdominal organs as well as the vascular indexes of the abdominal aorta and renal arteries of crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous) using mode B ultrasonography and Doppler ultrasonography, respectively. Ultrasonographic features of the main abdominal organs were described and slight differences were noticed between ultrasound imaging of abdominal organs of crab-eating foxes and other species. The bladder presented wall thickness of 12 +/- 0.01 mm, with three defined layers. Both, the right and left kidneys presented corticomedullary ratio of 1: 1 and similarly to the adrenals and the liver, they were homogeneous and hypoechoic compared to the spleen. The spleen was homogeneous and hyperechoic compared to the kidneys. The stomach presented 3 to 5 peristaltic movements per minute, wall thickness of 39 +/- 0.05 mm and lumen and mucosa with hyperechoic and hypoechoic features, respectively. Small and large intestines presented 2 to 3 peristaltic movements per minute, wall thickness of 34 +/- 0.03 mm and three defined layers with hyperechogenic (submucosa and serosa) and hypoechogenic (muscular) features. Ovaries of the female crab-eating fox were hypoechoic compared to the spleen and with heterogeneous parenchyma due to the presence of 2x2 mm ovarian follicles. Prostates of the six males were regular and with a well defined boundary, with a homogeneous and hyperechoic parenchyma compared to the spleen. Vascular indexes of the abdominal aorta (PSV: 25.60 +/- 0.32 cm/s; EDV: 6.96 +/- 1.68cm/s; PI: 1.15 +/- 0.07 e RI: 0.73 +/- 0.07) and right (PSV: 23.08 +/- 3.34cm/s; EDV: 9.33 +/- 2.36cm/s; PI: 1.01 +/- 0.65 e RI: 0.65 +/- 0.16) and left renal arteries (PSV: 23.74 +/- 3.94cm/s; EDV: 9.07 +/- 3.02cm/s; PI: 1.04 +/- 0.31 e RI: 0.64 +/- 0.10) were determined. Thus, conventional and Doppler ultrasonographic imaging provides basic information that can be used as reference for the species as well for other wild canids and it is a precise and non-invasive method that can be safely used to evaluate and diagnose abdominal injuries in these patients.O objetivo desse estudo foi descrever os achados ultrassonográficos convencionais dos principais órgãos abdominais e determinar com a utilização da ultrassonografia Doppler os índices vasculares da aorta abdominal e artérias renais em cachorros-do-mato (Cerdocyon thous). Foram avaliados nove cachorros-do-mato (Cerdocyon thous). Por meio da ultrassonografia convencional do abdômen dos animais, estudaram-se os achados ultrassonográficos normais e a biometria dos principais órgãos dessa cavidade como fígado, baço, bexiga, estômago, intestinos, adrenais, rins, ovários, próstata e tecido linfoide dos animais, obtendo-se resultados importantes para a caracterização sonográfica desses tecidos. A bexiga apresentou espessura da parede de 12 ± 0,01 mm, com três camadas bem definidas. O rim direito e esquerdo apresentaram relação corticomedular de 1:1 e com ecogenicidade semelhante as adrenais e fígado, homogêneas e hipoecoica em comparação ao baço. O baço apresentou-se homogêneo e hiperecoica em relação aos rins. O estômago apresentou de 3 a 5 movimentos peristálticos por minuto, espessura da parede de 39 ± 0,05mm e lúmen e mucosa com características hiperecoicas e hipoecoicas, respectivamente. O intestino delgado e grosso apresentaram de 2 a 3 movimentos peristálticos por minuto, espessura da parede de 34 ± 0,03mm e três camadas definidas, hiperecogênica (submucosa e serosa) e hipoecogênicas (musculares). Os ovários de uma fêmea se apresentaram hipoecoica, em comparação com o baço, e heterogêneos, devido à presença de folículos ovarianos de 2x2mm de diâmetro. As prostatas de seis machos eram regulares e com contornos definidos, parênquima homogêneo e hiperecoico em relação ao baço. Ao exame Doppler foram determinados os índices vasculares da aorta abdominal (PSV: 25,60±0,32cm/s; EDV: 6,96±1,68cm/s; PI: 1,15±0,07 e RI: 0,73±0,07) e das artérias renais direitas (PSV: 23,08±3,34cm/s; EDV: 9,33±2,36cm/s; PI: 1,01±0,65 e RI: 0,65±0,16) e esquerdas (PSV: 23,74±3,94cm/s; EDV: 9,07±3,02cm/s; PI: 1,04±0,31 e RI: 0,64±0,10). Pode-se concluir que a ultrassonografia convencional e Doppler podem ser ferramentas importantes no estudo morfofisiológico de órgãos abdominais em cachorros-do-mato, possibilitando o diagnóstico de alterações abdominais nesses animais e a utilização desses achados como referências para outros caninos silvestres.Univ Estadual Paulista Unesp, FCAV, Dept Reprod Anim, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, BrazilUNESP, Fac Ciencias Agr Vet, Dept Patol Anim, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Rural Amazonia UFRA, Inst Socio Ambiental &Recursos Hidr, BR-66077830 Belem, Para, BrazilUniv Estadual Paulista Unesp, FCAV, Dept Reprod Anim, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, BrazilUNESP, Fac Ciencias Agr Vet, Dept Patol Anim, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazi

Genomic landscape of patients with FLT3-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treated within the CALGB 10603/RATIFY trial

The aim of this study was to characterize the mutational landscape of patients with FLT3-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treated within the randomized CALGB 10603/RATIFY trial evaluating intensive chemotherapy plus the multi-kinase inhibitor midostaurin versus placebo. We performed sequencing of 262 genes in 475 patients: mutations occurring concurrently with the FLT3-mutation were most frequent in NPM1 (61%), DNMT3A (39%), WT1 (21%), TET2 (12%), NRAS (11%), RUNX1 (11%), PTPN11 (10%), and ASXL1 (8%) genes. To assess effects of clinical and genetic features and their possible interactions, we fitted random survival forests and interpreted the resulting variable importance. Highest prognostic impact was found for WT1 and NPM1 mutations, followed by white blood cell count, FLT3 mutation type (internal tandem duplications vs. tyrosine kinase domain mutations), treatment (midostaurin vs. placebo), ASXL1 mutation, and ECOG performance status. When evaluating two-fold variable combinations the most striking effects were found for WT1:NPM1 (with NPM1 mutation abrogating the negative effect of WT1 mutation), and for WT1:treatment (with midostaurin exerting a beneficial effect in WT1-mutated AML). This targeted gene sequencing study provides important, novel insights into the genomic background of FLT3-mutated AML including the prognostic impact of co-mutations, specific gene-gene interactions, and possible treatment effects of midostaurin

DESIGN OF GEODETIC NETWORKS BASED ON OUTLIER IDENTIFICATION CRITERIA: AN EXAMPLE APPLIED TO THE LEVELING NETWORK

We present a numerical simulation method for designing geodetic networks. The quality criterion considered is based on the power of the test of data snooping testing procedure. This criterion expresses the probability of the data snooping to identify correctly an outlier. In general, the power of the test is defined theoretically. However, with the advent of the fast computers and large data storage systems, it can be estimated using numerical simulation. Here, the number of experiments in which the data snooping procedure identifies the outlier correctly is counted using Monte Carlos simulations. If the network configuration does not meet the reliability criterion at some part, then it can be improved by adding required observation to the surveying plan. The method does not use real observations. Thus, it depends on the geometrical configuration of the network; the uncertainty of the observations; and the size of outlier. The proposed method is demonstrated by practical application of one simulated leveling network. Results showed the needs of five additional observations between adjacent stations. The addition of these new observations improved the internal reliability of approximately 18%. Therefore, the final designed network must be able to identify and resist against the undetectable outliers – according to the probability levels