Calibration of the second-order nonlinear optical susceptibility of surface and bulk of glass

A two-beam second-harmonic generation technique is developed to calibrate the magnitude of the second-order nonlinear optical susceptibility components of surface and bulk (multipolar origin) of isotropic materials. The values obtained for fused silica calibrated against χXXX of crystalline quartz are χ || || ⊥= 7.9(4), χ⊥|| ||+γ = 3.8(4), χ⊥⊥⊥+γ = 59(4), and δ’ = 7.8(4) in units of 10-22 m2/V. Similar values are obtained for BK7 glass. An alternative way of calibration against χXYZ of quartz is demonstrated. The technique could also be extended to characterize the susceptibility tensor of crystals as a convenient alternative to the Makerfringe technique.Peer reviewe