CARMENES: data flow

CARMENES, the new Calar Alto spectrograph especially built for radial-velocity surveys of exoearths around M dwarfs, is a very complicated system. For reaching the goal of 1 m/s radial-velocity accuracy, it is appropriate not only to monitor stars with the best observing procedure, but to monitor also the parameters of the CARMENES subsystems and safely store all the engineer and science data. Here we describe the CARMENES data flow from the different subsystems, through the instrument control system and pipeline, to the virtual-observatory data server and astronomers

Stars and brown dwarfs in the sigma Orionis cluster IV. IDS/INT and OSIRIS/GTC spectroscopy and Gaia DR2 astrometry

Context. Only a few open clusters are as important for the study of stellar and substellar objects, and their formation and evolution, as the young σ Orionis cluster. However, a complete spectroscopic characterisation of its whole stellar population is still missing. Aims. We filled most of that gap with a large spectroscopic and astrometric survey of targets towards σ Orionis. Eventually, it will be one of the open clusters with the lowest proportion of interlopers and the largest proportion of confirmed cluster members with known uncontrovertible youth features. Methods. We acquired 317 low-resolution optical spectra with the Intermediate Dispersion Spectrograph (IDS) at the 2.5 m Isaac Newton Telescope (INT) and the Optical System for Imaging and low Resolution Integrated Spectroscopy (OSIRIS) at the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC). We measured equivalent widths of Li i, Hα, and other key lines from these spectra, and determined spectral types. We complemented this information with Gaia DR2 astrometric data and other features of youth (mid-infrared excess, X-ray emission) compiled with Virtual Observatory tools and from the literature. Results. Of the 168 observed targets, we determined for the first time spectral types of 39 stars and equivalent widths of Li i and Hα of 34 and 12 stars, respectively. We identified 11 close (ρ </≈ 3 arcsec) binaries resolved by Gaia, of which three are new, 14 strong accretors, of which four are new and another four have Hα emission shifted by over 120 km s^(−1) , two juvenile star candidates in the sparse population of the Ori OB1b association, and one spectroscopic binary candidate. Remarkably, we found 51 non-clustermembers, 35 of which were previously considered as σ Orionis members and taken into account in high-impact works on, for example, disc frequency and initial mass function

Water vapour detection in hot Jupiters with the CARMENES NIR channel

Stars and planetary system

Ionized calcium in the atmospheres of two ultra-hot exoplanets WASP-33b and KELT-9b

Stars and planetary system

A He I upper atmosphere around the warm Neptune GJ 3470 b

Stars and planetary system

The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. First visual-channel radial-velocity measurements and orbital parameter updates of seven M-dwarf planetary systems

Stars and planetary system

CARMENES: Blue planets orbiting red dwarfs

The CARMENES (Calar Alto high-Resolution search for M dwarfs with Exo-earths with Near-infrared and optical Echelle Spectrographs) consortium, consisting of eleven Spanish and German institutions, has been established to conduct a radial-velocity survey of M dwarfs with the 3.5 m telescope at the Calar Alto Observatory. This survey will target ∼300 M stars, with emphasis on spectral types M4V and later. The CARMENES instrument is currently under construction; it consists of two independent échelle spectrographs covering the wavelength ranges 0.55 …1.05 μm and 0.95 …1.7 μm, respectively, at a spectral resolution of R = 82,000. The spectrographs are fed by fibers from the Cassegrain focus of the telescope; calibration is performed simultaneously with emission-line lamps. The optical benches of the spectrographs are housed in vacuum tanks and climatic chambers, which provide the temperature-stabilized environments necessary to enable a 1 m/s radial velocity precision

CARMENES: Blue planets orbiting red dwarfs

The CARMENES (Calar Alto high-Resolution search for M dwarfs with Exo-earths with Near-infrared and optical Echelle Spectrographs) consortium, consisting of eleven Spanish and German institutions, has been established to conduct a radial-velocity survey of M dwarfs with the 3.5 m telescope at the Calar Alto Observatory. This survey will target ∼300 M stars, with emphasis on spectral types M4V and later. The CARMENES instrument is currently under construction; it consists of two independent échelle spectrographs covering the wavelength ranges 0.55 …1.05 μm and 0.95 …1.7 μm, respectively, at a spectral resolution of R = 82,000. The spectrographs are fed by fibers from the Cassegrain focus of the telescope; calibration is performed simultaneously with emission-line lamps. The optical benches of the spectrographs are housed in vacuum tanks and climatic chambers, which provide the temperature-stabilized environments necessary to enable a 1 m/s radial velocity precision

CARMENES: high-resolution spectra and precise radial velocities in the red and infrared

© 2018 SPIE. Artículo firmado por 202 autores. Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy (VII. 2018. Austin, TX, USA). CARMENES is an instrument for the Centro Astronómico Hispano-Alemán de Calar Alto (CAHA, Almería, Spain). CARMENES is funded by the German Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG), the Spanish Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), the European Union through FEDER/ERF FICTS-2011-02 funds, and the members of the CARMENES Consortium (Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, Landessternwarte Körnigstuhl, Institut de Ciències de l’Espai, Insitut für Astrophysik Göttingen, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Hamburger Sternwarte, Centro de Astrobiología and Centro Astronómico Hispano-Alemán), with additional contributions by the Spanish Ministry of Science, the German Science Foundation through the Major Research Instrumentation Program and DFG Research Unit FOR2544 “Blue Planets around Red Stars”, the Klaus Tschira Stiftung, the states of Baden-Württemberg and Niedersachsen, and by the Junta de Andalucía.The CARMENES instrument has been operational at the 3.5 m telescope of Calar Alto Observatory since January 2016. It consists of two cross-dispersed ´echelle spectrographs covering the wavelength range from 0.52 to 1.71 µm. CARMENES is currently conducting a radial-velocity survey of more than 300 M dwarfs, with a sensitivity sufficient to detect terrestrial planets in their habitable zones. This survey has already yielded a comprehensive spectral atlas of 324 M dwarfs, and it is providing a wealth of diagnostic information on activity in cool stars. The CARMENES Survey data have confirmed a number of known M star planets, and revealed previously unknown planets of GJ 15 A, GJ 1148, and GJ 617 A. CARMENES data have also been used to determine the mass of the transiting planet K2-18 b, and to measure atomic and molecular absorption in planetary atmospheres through transit spectroscopy.Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER/ERF)German Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)CARMENES ConsortiumInstituto de Astrofísica de AndalucíaLandessternwarte KörnigstuhlInstitut de Ciències de l’EspaiInsitut für Astrophysik GöttingenUniversidad Complutense de MadridThüringer Landessternwarte TautenburgInstituto de Astrofísica de CanariasHamburger SternwarteCentro de Astrobiología and Centro Astronómico Hispano-AlemánGerman Science Foundation through the Major Research Instrumentation ProgramDFG Research Unit FOR2544 “Blue Planets around Red Stars”Klaus Tschira Stiftungthe states of Baden-Württemberg and NiedersachsenJunta de AndalucíaDepto. de Física de la Tierra y AstrofísicaFac. de Ciencias FísicasTRUEpu

CARMENES: Blue planets orbiting red dwarfs

The CARMENES (Calar Alto high-Resolution search for M dwarfs with Exo-earths with Near-infrared and optical Echelle Spectrographs) consortium, consisting of eleven Spanish and German institutions, has been established to conduct a radial-velocity survey of M dwarfs with the 3.5 m telescope at the Calar Alto Observatory. This survey will target ∼300 M stars, with emphasis on spectral types M4V and later. The CARMENES instrument is currently under construction; it consists of two independent échelle spectrographs covering the wavelength ranges 0.55 …1.05 μm and 0.95 …1.7 μm, respectively, at a spectral resolution of R = 82,000. The spectrographs are fed by fibers from the Cassegrain focus of the telescope; calibration is performed simultaneously with emission-line lamps. The optical benches of the spectrographs are housed in vacuum tanks and climatic chambers, which provide the temperature-stabilized environments necessary to enable a 1 m/s radial velocity precision