550 research outputs found
PHYCOBILISOMES AND ISOLATED PHYCOBILIPROTEINS. EFFECT OF GLUTARDIALDEHYDE AND BENZOQUINONE ON FLUORESCENCE
The fluorescence of the biliproteins C-phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis, B-phycoerythrin
from Porphyridium cruentum and of isolated whole P. cruentum phycobilisomes is quenched in the
presence of glutardialdehyde (GA) or benzoquinone (BQ). The kinetics of fluorescence decrease thus
induced is biphasic. If GA is used as a quencher, the fluorescence can be recovered at 77 K. Contrary to
the GA-effect, only a minor recovery takes place with BQ at 77K, thus demonstrating a different
mechanism of action of GA and BQ on biliprotein
FÖRSTER TRANSFER CALCULATIONS BASED ON CRYSTAL STRUCTURE DATA FROM Agmenellum quadruplicatum C-PHYCOCYANIN
Excitation energy transfer in C-phycocyanin is modeled using the Forster inductive resonance mechanism. Detailed calculations are carried out using coordinates and orientations of the chromophores derived from X-ray crystallographic studies of C-phycocyanin from two different species (Schirmer et al, J. Mol. Biol. 184, 257–277 (1985) and ibid., 188, 651-677 (1986)). Spectral overlap integrals are estimated from absorption and fluorescence spectra of C-phycocyanin of Mastigocladus laminosus and its separated subunits. Calculations are carried out for the β-subunit, αβ-monomer, (αβ)3-trimer and (αβ)0-hexamer species with the following chromophore assignments: β155 = 's’(sensitizer), β84 =‘f (fluorescer) and α84 =‘m’(intermediate):]:. The calculations show that excitation transfer relaxation occurs to 3=98% within 200 ps in nearly every case; however, the rates increase as much as 10-fold for the higher aggregates. Comparison with experimental data on fluorescence decay and depolarization kinetics from the literature shows qualitative agreement with these calculations. We conclude that Forster transfer is sufficient to account for all of the observed fluorescence properties of C-phycocyanin in aggregation states up to the hexamer and in the absence of linker polypeptides
THERMAL DENATURATION OF MONOMERIC AND TRIMERIC PHYCOCYANINS STUDIED BY STATIC AND SPECTROSCOPY POLARIZED TIME-RESOLVED FLUORESCENCE
C-Phycocyanin (PC) and allophycocyanin (APC). as well as the a-subunit of PC. have been
isolated from the blue-green alga (cyanobacterium). Spirulina platensis. The effects of partial thermal
denaturation of PC and of its state of aggregation have been studied by ps time-resolved, polarized
fluorescence spectroscopy. All measurements have been performed under low photon fluxes (< 10’ ’
photonsipulse x cm’) to minimize singlet-singlet annihilation processes. A complex decay is obtained
under most conditions, which can be fitted satisfactorily with a bi-exponential (7’ = 70400 ps. T? =
1000-3000 ps) for both the isotropic and the polarized part, but with different intensities and time
constants for the two decay curves. The data are interpreted in the frameworkof the model first developed
by Teak and Dale (Biochern. J. 116, 161 (1970)], which divides the spectroscopically different
chromophores in (predominantly) sensitizing (s) and fluorescing U, ones. If one assumes temperature
dependent losses in the energy transfer from the s to the f and between f chromophores. both the
biexponential nature of the isotropic fluorescence decay and the polarization data can be rationalized. In
the isotropic emission (corresponding to the population of excited states) the short lifetime is related to the
s-,f transfer. the longer one to the “free“ decay of the final acceptor(s) (= f). The polarized part is
dominated by an extremely short decay time. which is related to s+f transfer, as well as to resonance
transfer between the f-chromophores
Experiências de contacto dos bebés com a linguagem escrita
The purpose of this study is to characterize the literacy experiences ofbabies aged between 14 and 24 months. In this study, four issues were analysed: which type of written language experiences are offered to the children, how parents value these literacy experiences, the way parents perceive their own role in the literacy development of their children and what parents know about their means of contributing to the literacy development of their children. Six mothers were interviewed. These interviews were analysed with the use of a categorical content analysis. The results suggest that mothers value and include in their practices facilitative and mediation actions of literacy experiences with their children, noting some variability depending on the respective qualifications.Este estudo exploratório visa descrever as experiências de literacia de bebés entre os 14 e os 25 meses. Analisamse quatro questões, que experiências envolvendo a linguagem escrita no seio familiar são proporcionadas aos bebés, qual o valor que os pais lhes atribuem, como percepcionam o seu papel na promoção do desenvolvimento literácito dos filhos e como podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento da literacia dos mesmos. Adotou-se uma metodologia qualitativa, com recurso à análise de conteúdo categorial das respostas dadas por seis mães em entrevista individual e semiestruturada. Concluiu-se que estas mães valorizam e incluem nas suas práticas ações facilitadoras e de mediação de experiências de literacia por parte dos seus bebés, notando-se alguma variabilidade em função das respetivas habilitações académicas.(undefined)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Photoproduction of Long-Lived Holes and Electronic Processes in Intrinsic Electric Fields Seen through Photoinduced Absorption and Dichroism in Ca_3Ga_{2-x}Mn_xGe_3O_{12} Garnets
Long-lived photoinduced absorption and dichroism in the
Ca_3Ga_{2-x}Mn_xGe_3O_{12} garnets with x < 0.06 were examined versus
temperature and pumping intensity. Unusual features of the kinetics of
photoinduced phenomena are indicative of the underlying electronic processes.
The comparison with the case of Ca_3Mn_2Ge_3O_{12}, explored earlier by the
authors, permits one to finally establish the main common mechanisms of
photoinduced absorption and dichroism caused by random electric fields of
photoproduced charges (hole polarons). The rate of their diffusion and
relaxation through recombination is strongly influenced by the same fields,
whose large statistical straggling is responsible for a broad continuous set of
relaxation components (observed in the relaxation time range from 1 to about
1000 min). For Ca_3Ga_{2-x}Mn_xGe_3O_{12}, the time and temperature dependences
of photoinduced absorption and dichroism bear a strong imprint of structure
imperfection increasing with x.Comment: 20 pages, 10 figure
Energy densities in the strong-interaction limit of density functional theory
We discuss energy densities in the strong-interaction limit of density
functional theory, deriving an exact expression within the definition (gauge)
of the electrostatic potential of the exchange-correlation hole. Exact results
for small atoms and small model quantum dots are compared with available
approximations defined in the same gauge. The idea of a local interpolation
along the adiabatic connection is discussed, comparing the energy densities of
the Kohn-Sham, the physical, and the strong-interacting systems. We also use
our results to analyze the local version of the Lieb-Oxford bound, widely used
in the construction of approximate exchange-correlation functionals.Comment: 12 page
Reconstructing the history of ocean wildlife around Ascension Island
1. In 2016, the UK government announced plans for a large-scale Marine Protected Area around Ascension Island, a UK Overseas Territory in the South Atlantic. 2. To improve baselines for marine life to support ambitious conservation and assess change over time, archives were searched for historical accounts of wildlife from Ascension's discovery in 1501 to the present. For more recent changes, 139 interviews with past and present inhabitants were conducted. 3. Ascension's marine life has, from first discovery to the present, been consistently remarked upon for its exceptional abundance. Historical sources indicate declines in seabird and turtle populations from human exploitation and introduction of rats and cats. They are recovering with good management, although still below pre-settlement abundance. 4. Interviews with residents indicate more recent changes, notably declines in catch per unit of fishing effort at popular shore angling sites, a decline in yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) and increase in Galapagos sharks (Carcharhinus galapagensis). 5. What is very notable, however, based on the interviews, was that there was no temporal signal suggestive of recent systemic decline, in marked contrast to many parts of the world where recent wildlife declines have been pervasive and steep. Ascension represents a remarkable and immensely important centre of abundance in a sea of depletion and change, warranting full protection for all the island's waters
New approach to phase and modulation resolved spectra
Time domain fluorescence spectrometry offers a versatile and powerful approach to the analysis of heterogeneous emitting systems. In this paper we describe a new approach, based on software, to the acquisition of phase and modulation resolved spectra. Mixtures of fluorophores with different lifetimes can be analyzed in real time to give the individual excitation or emission spectra. Examples of two- and three-component mixtures are given and comparisons are made with the commercially available hardware approach. © 1985, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved
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