How non-designers understand the architecture design project: a comparative study using immersive virtual reality

This study focusses on how people who are not familiar with the traditional methods used to represent architecture understand architecture design projects. The main objective of the study was to assess the client's level of comprehension of a design project presented using traditional representation methods in comparison with a method based on the use of immersive virtual reality. Two experiments were conducted, involving architects, design projects and real clients. In both experiments an architecture design project was presented using two different methods: i) the traditional method, ii) the immersive method, using virtual reality, viewed by means of a Head Mounted Display. The results were used to address the questions posed during the study regarding comprehension of architecture design projects. They confirmed the hypothesis that individuals who are not familiar with architectural representations have a better and more accurate perception of a project after viewing it using immersive virtual reality rather than looking at technical drawings, renders and scale models.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The role of cGMP on adenosine A1 receptor-mediated inhibition of synaptic transmission at the hippocampus

Copyright © 2016 Pinto, Serpa, Sebastião and Cascalheira. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.Both adenosine A1 receptor and cGMP inhibit synaptic transmission at the hippocampus and recently it was found that A1 receptor increased cGMP levels in hippocampus, but the role of cGMP on A1 receptor-mediated inhibition of synaptic transmission remains to be established. In the present work we investigated if blocking the NOS/sGC/cGMP/PKG pathway using nitric oxide synthase (NOS), protein kinase G (PKG), and soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) inhibitors modify the A1 receptor effect on synaptic transmission. Neurotransmission was evaluated by measuring the slope of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) evoked by electrical stimulation at hippocampal slices. N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA, 15 nM), a selective A1 receptor agonist, reversibly decreased the fEPSPs by 54 ± 5%. Incubation of the slices with an inhibitor of NOS (L-NAME, 200 μM) decreased the CPA effect on fEPSPs by 57 ± 9% in female rats. In males, ODQ (10 μM), an sGC inhibitor, decreased the CPA inhibitory effect on fEPSPs by 23 ± 6%, but only when adenosine deaminase (ADA,1 U/ml) was present; similar results were found in females, where ODQ decreased CPA-induced inhibition of fEPSP slope by 23 ± 7%. In male rats, the presence of the PKG inhibitor (KT5823, 1 nM) decreased the CPA effect by 45.0 ± 9%; similar results were obtained in females, where KT5823 caused a 32 ± 9% decrease on the CPA effect. In conclusion, the results suggest that the inhibitory action of adenosine A1 receptors on synaptic transmission at hippocampus is, in part, mediated by the NOS/sGC/cGMP/PKG pathway.AS received a scholarship from FCT (SFRH/BD/65112/2009).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Aspetos da avaliação formativa na aprendizagem de História no 3.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico

Neste estudo, explora-se como aspetos da avaliação formativa estão alinhados com uma perspetiva descritiva ou explicativa do ensino de História no 3.º ciclo do ensino básico. Os dados foram recolhidos a partir da observação naturalista de vinte e sete aulas e tratados mediante análise de conteúdo. Os resultados mostram que os diálogos estão centrados nos conteúdos de História, as perguntas do professor evocam sobretudo informação factual e de compreensão de conceitos e o feedback do professor é sobretudo indicativo dos acertos ou dos erros dos alunos, o que configura uma perspetiva tendencialmente descritiva e narrativa do ensino de História

Avaliação da fixação biológica de nitrogênio e da colonização micorrízica em dez genótipos de feijão-de-corda em solo de tabuleiros costeiros.

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QED self-energy contribution to highly-excited atomic states

We present numerical values for the self-energy shifts predicted by QED (Quantum Electrodynamics) for hydrogenlike ions (nuclear charge $60 \le Z \le 110$) with an electron in an $n=3$, 4 or 5 level with high angular momentum ($5/2\le j \le 9/2$). Applications include predictions of precision transition energies and studies of the outer-shell structure of atoms and ions.Comment: 20 pages, 5 figure

AS RELAÇÕES COMERCIAIS ENTRE RÚSSIA E UNIÃO EUROPEIA E OS IMPACTOS DA CRISE NA UCRÂNIA

O presente artigo tem como objetivos principais traçar um panorama das relações comerciais entre União Europeia (UE) e Rússia na última década e analisar os impactos das sanções econômicas aplicadas em 2014 entre as partes em decorrência da crise ucraniana, partindo da análise descritiva de séries de dadosprimários e de pronunciamentos oficiais. A hipótese é de que as sanções tiveram efeitos negativos sobre as relações comerciais entre Rússia e UE, o que é validado pelos dados empíricos. Conclui-se que a alta interdependência entre a economia russa e a europeia impede a aplicação de sanções amplas, que tenham um impacto incontornável nessas economias. Assim, as sanções atuais não têm poder coercitivo alto o bastante para cumprir o objetivo a que se propõem: coagir a Rússia ou mesmo a UE a fim de resolver o conflito na Ucrânia

Sistemas de cultivo para as culturas de milho, feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) e algodão em consórcio, no Estado de Sergipe.

Área de abrangênia, sistema de cultivo n.1 (milho x feijão), preparo do solo, adubação, plantio, época, cultivares, arranjo espacial, espaçamento e densidade do plantio, tratos culturais, tratos fitossanitários, colheita e beneficiamento, armazenamento, coeficientes técnicos, sistema de cultivo n.2, (milho x feijão x algodão) .bitstream/item/43933/1/CPATC-DOCUMENTOS-04-SISTEMAS-DE-CULTIVO-PARA-AS-CULTURAS-DE-MILHO-FEIJAO-E-ALGODAO-EM-CONSORCIO-N.pd