Estratégias para o estabelecimento e manutenção de áreas livres e de baixa prevalência de moscas-das-frutas.

Determinação de uma área livre de Moscas-das-Frutas (ALMF); Metas do programa; Procedimentos para a implantação de uma ALMF; Escolha da éspecie-alvo; Seleção dos Municípios e cadastro dos produtores da região; Delimitação da faixa de proteção permanente (Área Tampão); Estrutura organizacional; Monitoramento populacional da praga; Atividades de campo; Interpretação dos dados de captura; Plano de contigência; Preparação e envio de relatórios; Criação de decreto estadual; Estabelecimento de barreiras zoofitossanitárias; Procedimentos para a manutenção de uma área livre de pragas; Medidas fitossanitárias.bitstream/CNPAT-2010/9619/1/Ci-022.pd

Levantamento e identificação de espécies de moscas-das-frutas no Estado do Ceará.

As mosacas brancas das frutas pertencentes a especie Ceratitis capitata e ao genero Anastrepha sao reconhecidas como as pragas mais devastadoras da fruticultura em todo o mundo ...bitstream/CNPAT-2010/5391/1/Pa-062.pd

Diagnostic and prognostic role of renal histopathology in rheumatic diseases

The objective was to evaluate renal involvement in several rheumatic diseases (i.e. rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren syndrome, systemic sclerosis, systemic vasculitides). The method chosen was to define histopathological profiles reported in renal biopsies performed on patients with renal involvement due to different rheumatic diseases. Renal involvement observed in patients with rheumatic disease can be the direct result of the disease per se and/or a complication of drugs used in the disease treatment. The clinical-pathological correlations derived from the study of renal tissues can be useful for differential diagnosis, prognosis assessment and therapeutic decisions. Renal biopsy should be considered as an important tool for the management of nephropathies in patients with systemic rheumatic diseases

Two-year visual field outcomes of the treatment for advanced glaucoma study (TAGS)

PURPOSE: to compare visual field (VF) progression between the two arms of the Treatment of Advanced Glaucoma Study (TAGS) DESIGN: post-hoc analysis of VF data from a two-arm multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial METHODS: 453 patients with newly diagnosed advanced open-angle glaucoma in at least one eye from 27 centers in the United Kingdom were randomized to either trabeculectomy (N = 227) or medications in their index eye (N = 226) and followed-up for two years with two 24-2 VF tests at baseline, 4, 12 and 24 months. We analyzed data for participants with a reliable VF (False positive rate < 15%) at baseline and at least two other time-points. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Average difference in rate of progression (RoP) was analyzed using a hierarchical Bayesian model. Time for each eye to progress from baseline beyond specific cut-offs (0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 dB) was compared using survival analysis. RESULTS: 211 eyes in the trabeculectomy-first arm and 203 eyes in the medications-first arm were analyzed. The average RoPs (Estimate [95% Credible Intervals]) were -0.59 [-0.88, -0.31] dB/year in the medications-first arm and -0.40 [-0.67, -0.13] dB/year in the trabeculectomy-first arm. The difference was not significant (Bayesian p-value = 0.353). More eyes progressed in the medications-first arm: ≥0.5 dB (p = 0.001), ≥1dB (p = 0.014), ≥1.5dB (p = 0.071) and ≥2dB (p = 0.061). CONCLUSIONS: there was no significant difference in the average RoP at two years. Initial trabeculectomy significantly reduced the proportion of progressing eyes

Energy recovery from immobilised cells of Scenedesmus obliquus after wastewater treatment

Biomethane batch test of alginate beads and beads with algae at different stages of utilisation in the wastewater treatment plants showed that immobilised S. obliquus yield similar biogas and biomethane than freely suspended algae (between 60.51 ± 4.19 and 82.32 ± 2.17 mL g-1 VSadd) and that a pre-treatment stage was not necessary for the digestion process

Spatiotemporal summation of perimetric stimuli in healthy observers

Spatial summation of perimetric stimuli has been used to derive conclusions about the spatial extent of retinal-cortical convergence, mostly from the size of the critical area of summation (Ricco's area, RA) and critical number of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). However, spatial summation is known to change dynamically with stimulus duration. Conversely, temporal summation and critical duration also vary with stimulus size. Such an important and often neglected spatiotemporal interaction has important implications for modeling perimetric sensitivity in healthy observers and for formulating hypotheses for changes measured in disease. In this work, we performed experiments on visually heathy observers confirming the interaction of stimulus size and duration in determining summation responses in photopic conditions. We then propose a simplified computational model that captures these aspects of perimetric sensitivity by modelling the total retinal input, the combined effect of stimulus size, duration, and retinal cones-to-RGC ratio. We additionally show that, in the macula, the enlargement of RA with eccentricity might not correspond to a constant critical number of RGCs, as often reported, but to a constant critical total retinal input. We finally compare our results with previous literature and show possible implications for modeling disease, especially glaucoma

TNFα blockers and infectious risk in rheumatoid arthritis

Patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis have increased risk of infections when compared with general population. The risk depends directly from disease activity and severity. Furthermore, risk increases with aging, immunosuppressive agents and comorbidities such as diabetes, pulmonary and cardiac diseases. In particular corticosteroids, even at low doses, are a major risk factor. Due to disease related risk it is difficult to separate the risk deriving from the use of TNF alpha blockers. Data from clinical trials, meta-analysis and national registers are somewhat contradictory. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis on routine follow-up, treatment with TNF alpha blockers seems to carry an increased risk of infections compared to traditional DMARDs but not associated with increased risk of overall serious infection. Physicians should carefully monitor for signs of infection when using TNF alpha blockers, particularly shortly after treatment initiation

Chemo-enzymatic saccharification strategy of microalgae chlorella sorokiniana

Biofuel production using microalgae attracted much attention because it can be cultured using CO2 and sunlight. With high carbohydrate content, microalgae have the potential to be used as a fermentation feedstock for bioethanol production. In present work, chemo-enzymatic saccharification of Chlorella sorokiniana microalgae were investigated. Chemical hydrolysis of the biomass followed by enzymatic hydrolysis and was also evaluated the effect of combining the two enzymes and the sequential addition. The effect of α-amylase concentrations was analyzed in ranged between 50 and 8000 U/g of biomass and for amyloglucosidase between 90 and 600 U/g of biomass. The higher concentrations showed the highest conversion of reducing sugars. The α-amylase concentration 8000 U/g of biomass presented a conversion of 43.06 ± 2.92% (w/w), while amyloglucosidase with 600 U/g of biomass obtained 76.57 ± 6.42% (w/w). The combination of two enzymes simultaneously was more efficient than the sequential addition for low enzyme concentrations (α-amylase 50 U/g and amyloglucosidase 90 U/g) with a total reducing sugar of 22.78 ± 3.06 and 16.92 ± 2.06% (w/w), respectively. On the other hand, using the higher enzymes concentrations, no difference was observed between the two addition strategies, 58.9 ± 3.55 and 57.05 ± 2.33% (w/w) for the sequential and simultaneous, respectively. Both strategies didn’t present advantage, since the amyloglucosidase enzyme alone produced slightly higher results. Even thought, the obtained results showed successfully performed saccharification of microalgal biomass and clearly point to microalgae use for saccharification and subsequent bioethanol production.Part of this work has been supported by European governments (INTERREG VA-POCTEP- 2014-2020; 0055_ALGARED_PLUS_5_E) and the Portuguese Science Foundation (FCT) through the grant UID/MAR/00350/2013 to the CIMA of the University of Algarve.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Ciclagem interna de nitrogênio em solo cultivado com capim Tifton-85 e irrigado com esgoto tratado.

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito da irrigação com água, efluente secundário de nitrogenada na produção vegetal, na quantidade de liteira depositada e nos conteúdos de matéria orgânica particulada em uma pastagem de capim-Bermuda tifton 85. O delineamento experimental foi composto de quatro blocos ao acaso e seis tratamentos: SI (controle, sem fertilização e sem irrigação); W100, irrigação com água e 100% da dose de fertilizante nitrogenado recomendado; E0, E33, E66 e E100, irrigado com esgoto tratado e adição de 0, 33; 66 e 100% da dose recomendada, respectivamente. Amostras de efluente/água, solo, produção vegetal e liteira foram coletadas no período de abril a outubro de 2007. A maior oferta de N nos tratamentos E66, E100 e A100, através da fertilização, irrigação e ciclagem interna pela Bermuda Tifton 85 em período pós chuvas (abril?junho de 2007). No sistema avaliado, a deposição de liteira foi mais diferentes tratamentos. Maiores conteúdos médios de MOP foram observados no solo dos tratamentos irrigados e fertilizados.1 CD-ROM

Cranial ultrasound findings in late preterm infants and correlation with perinatal risk factors

Background: Late preterm infants are the most represented premature babies. They are exposed to a wide spectrum of brain lesions which are often clinically silent, supporting a possible role of cerebral ultrasound screening. Aim of the study is to describe the pattern of cranial ultrasound abnormalities in late preterm infants and to define the need for cranial ultrasound according to perinatal risk factors. Methods: A hospital-based cranial ultrasound screening was carried out by performing two scans (at 1 and 5 weeks). Unfavorable cranial ultrasound at 5 weeks was defined as either persistent periventricular hyperechogenicity or severe abnormalities. Results: One thousand one hundred seventy-two infants were included. Periventricular hyperechogenicity and severe abnormalities were observed in, respectively, 19.6 % and 1 % of late preterms at birth versus 1.8 % and 1.4 % at 5 weeks. Periventricular hyperechogenicity resolved in 91.3 %. At the univariate analysis gestational age (OR 0.5, 95 % CI 0.32-0.77), Apgar score &lt;5 at 5' (OR 15.3, 1.35-173) and comorbidities (OR 4.62, 2.39-8.98) predicted unfavorable ultrasound at 5 weeks. At the multivariate analysis the accuracy in predicting unfavorable ultrasound, estimated by combined gestational age/Apgar/comorbidities ROC curve, was fair (AUC 74.6) and increased to excellent (AUC 89.4) when ultrasound at birth was included. Conclusion: Gestational age and comorbitidies are the most important risk factors for detecting brain lesions. The combination of being born at 34 weeks and developing RDS represents the strongest indication to perform a cranial ultrasound. Differently from other studies, twin pregnancy doesn't represent a risk factor