A computerized finding aid for the Arnold Papers held in the archives of Rugby School

This dissertation is concerned with the provision of a computerized finding aid for the Arnold Papers held within the archives of Rugby School. The first chapter provides a brief overview of the school and the life and times of Dr Arnold. The objectives outlined in this chapter are the production of a useful and usable computerized finding aid which will provide an infrastructure to enable the description of the Rugby School archives to be expanded to other collections. Chapter two is a review of the nature and theory of archival description as described through the writings of respected authorities in the field. Such concepts as moral defence of archives, arrangement, description and indexing are discussed. The third chapter builds on the discussion in the previous chapter in terms of the actual circumstances prevailing in this project. The chapter deals with the practical application of the general principles of archival description to a specific collection. The inherited arrangement of the Arnold Papers is discussed along with the methodology employed for the data gathering, data analysis, description and indexing of the holdings. A fourth chapter deals with the peculiarities of computerizing the finding aid, explaining the points of departure between traditional, paper-based, description techniques and those of electronic representation of the collection in a computer database. The software used for the project is evaluated in terms of the concepts discussed in chapters two and three. The development of the finding aid follows, in chapter five, with the functional and technical specifications for the functionality of the finding aid and an explanation of the database design process. A section on using the finding aid for retrieving information from the collection is included in this chapter, supported by examples illustrated by screen-prints from the database itself. The dissertation is concluded by a sixth chapter which pulls together the problems encountered during the project, its successes and innovations, and recommendations for future action in terms of expanding the Rugby School arehival description project by means of the framework afforded by the Arnold Papers database

Through Ancient Rings Thread Programming Strings

A new crystal structure of assembled subunits from the eukaryotic exosome complex gives insight into the interactions underpinning its various functions (Bonneau et al., 2009). Here, we focus on what the emerging structures tell us about the regulation of the exosome interactions with, and actions on, RNA

Evaluating cloud database migration options using workload models

A key challenge in porting enterprise software systems to the cloud is the migration of their database. Choosing a cloud provider and service option (e.g., a database-as-a-service or a manually configured set of virtual machines) typically requires the estimation of the cost and migration duration for each considered option. Many organisations also require this information for budgeting and planning purposes. Existing cloud migration research focuses on the software components, and therefore does not address this need. We introduce a two-stage approach which accurately estimates the migration cost, migration duration and cloud running costs of relational databases. The first stage of our approach obtains workload and structure models of the database to be migrated from database logs and the database schema. The second stage performs a discrete-event simulation using these models to obtain the cost and duration estimates. We implemented software tools that automate both stages of our approach. An extensive evaluation compares the estimates from our approach against results from real-world cloud database migrations

Carbon dioxide storage in the Captain Sandstone aquifer: determination of in situ stresses and fault-stability analysis

The Lower Cretaceous Captain Sandstone Member of the Inner Moray Firth has significant potential for the injection and storage of anthropogenic CO2 in saline aquifer parts of the formation. Pre-existing faults constitute a potential risk to storage security owing to the elevated pore pressures likely to result from large-scale fluid injection. Determination of the regional in situ stresses permits mapping of the stress tensor affecting these faults. Either normal or strike-slip faulting conditions are suggested to be prevalent, with the maximum horizontal stress orientated 33°–213°. Slip-tendency analysis indicates that some fault segments are close to being critically stressed under strike-slip stress conditions, with small pore-pressure perturbations of approximately 1.5 MPa potentially causing reactivation of those faults. Greater pore-pressure increases of approximately 5 MPa would be required to reactivate optimally orientated faults under normal faulting or transitional normal/strike-slip faulting conditions at average reservoir depths. The results provide a useful indication of the fault geometries most susceptible to reactivation under current stress conditions. To account for uncertainty in principal stress magnitudes, high differential stresses have been assumed, providing conservative fault-stability estimates. Detailed geological models and data pertaining to pore pressure, rock mechanics and stress will be required to more accurately investigate fault stability. Large-scale deployment of CO2 storage as a strategy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions will rely on the integrity of sealing strata overlying the storage reservoirs to ensure that the captured CO2 is permanently isolated from the atmosphere (IPCC 2005; Chadwick et al. 2009a; Holloway 2009). The existence of pre-existing fault systems of varying dimensions is a common feature throughout the subsurface, and the efficacy of seals may potentially be compromised by any enhanced transmissibility associated with fault zones. Within the Moray Firth, the Lower Cretaceous Captain Sandstone Member of the Wick Sandstone Formation has been proposed as a suitable storage reservoir candidate (SCCS 2011; Shell 2011a; Akhurst et al. 2015). Storage potential exists within depleting hydrocarbon fields (Marshall et al. 2016), while significant additional capacity is available in the surrounding saline aquifer volume. Regional top seals include the Cretaceous Rodby, Carrack and Valhall formations. Simulation studies of CO2 injection identified the storage capacity of the Captain Sandstone to be between 358 and 2495 Mt (Jin et al. 2012). As the injection of CO2 is reliant on the displacement of existing pore fluids, large-scale injection results in increased pore-fluid pressure, the effects of which will be felt across large areas in well-connected aquifer systems (Chadwick et al. 2009b; Jin et al. 2012; Noy et al. 2012). It is well documented that some faults are transmissible to fluid flow, while others act as effective capillary seals (Caine et al. 1996; Aydin 2000; Faulkner et al. 2010). Whether cross-fault flow occurs depends on the juxtaposition of lithologies in the footwall and hanging-wall blocks, as well as the composition of the fault zone and any differential pressure across the fault. In addition, reactivation of previously stable faults caused by increasing pressure, and therefore a reduction in the effective stress, could allow faults to become transmissive to buoyant fluids, such as supercritical CO2, due to the opening of flow pathways during failure (Streit & Hillis 2004). It is this aspect of fault stability that forms the focus of this study, with respect to the Captain Sandstone of the Inner Moray Firth, and utilizing an adaptation of the geological model presented by Jin et al. (2012). Analysis of the geomechanical stability of faults offsetting the Captain Sandstone requires the contemporary stress field affecting the basin to be characterized, in order to resolve the shear and normal stresses acting on mapped faults and to determine which faults, or segments of faults, are most susceptible to becoming reactivated if pore-fluid pressures in the basin are increased as a result of CO2 injection. In order to do so, detailed knowledge of the pore-pressure conditions at depth, the magnitude and orientations of the principal stresses, and the properties of the faults is required

Gamma-Ray Constraint on Galactic Positron Production by MeV Dark Matter

The Galactic positrons, as observed by their annihilation gamma-ray line at 0.511 MeV, are difficult to account for with astrophysical sources. It has been proposed that they are produced instead by dark matter annihilation or decay in the inner Galactic halo. To avoid other constraints, these processes are required to occur "invisibly," such that the eventual positron annihilation is the only detectable signal. However, electromagnetic radiative corrections to these processes inevitably produce real gamma rays (``internal bremsstrahlung"); this emission violates COMPTEL and EGRET constraints unless the dark matter mass is less than about 20 MeV.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Physical Review Letter

Atomic vapor deposition of bismuth titanate thin films

c-axis oriented ferroelectric bismuth titanate (Bi4Ti 3O12) thin films were grown on (001) strontium titanate (SrTiO3) substrates by an atomic vapor deposition technique. The ferroelectric properties of the thin films are greatly affected by the presence of various kinds of defects. Detailed x-ray diffraction data and transmission electron microscopy analysis demonstrated the presence of out-of-phase boundaries (OPBs). It is found that the OPB density changes appreciably with the amount of titanium injected during growth of the thin films. Piezo-responses of the thin films were measured by piezo-force microscopy. It is found that the in-plane piezoresponse is stronger than the out-of-plane response, due to the strong c-axis orientation of the films

Piezoresponse force microscopy investigations of Aurivillius phase thin films

The sol-gel synthesis and characterization of n≥3n≥3 Aurivillius phase thin filmsdeposited on Pt/Ti/SiO2–SiPt/Ti/SiO2–Si substrates is described. The number of perovskite layers, nn, was increased by inserting BiFeO3BiFeO3 into three layered Aurivillius phase Bi4Ti3O12Bi4Ti3O12 to form compounds such as Bi5FeTi3O15Bi5FeTi3O15 (n=4)(n=4). 30% of the Fe3+Fe3+ ions in Bi5FeTi3O15Bi5FeTi3O15 were substituted with Mn3+Mn3+ ions to form the structureBi5Ti3Fe0.7Mn0.3O15Bi5Ti3Fe0.7Mn0.3O15. The electromechanical responses of the materials were investigated using piezoresponse force microscopy and the results are discussed in relation to the crystallinity of the films as measured by x-ray diffraction

The structural and piezoresponse properties of c-axis-oriented Aurivillius phase Bi5Ti3FeO15 thin films deposited by atomic vapor deposition

The deposition by atomic vapor deposition of highly c-axis-oriented Aurivillius phase Bi 5Ti 3FeO 15 (BTFO) thin films on (100) Si substrates is reported. Partially crystallized BTFO films with c-axis perpendicular to the substrate surface were first deposited at 610°C (8 excess Bi), and subsequently annealed at 820°C to get stoichiometric composition. After annealing, the films were highly c-axis-oriented, showing only (00l) peaks in x-ray diffraction (XRD), up to (0024). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirms the BTFO film has a clear layered structure, and the bismuth oxide layer interleaves the four-block pseudoperovskite layer, indicating the n 4 Aurivillius phase structure. Piezoresponse force microscopy measurements indicate strong in-plane piezoelectric response, consistent with the c-axis layered structure, shown by XRD and TEM

Interaction Mechanism Insights on the Solvation of Fullerene B(80)with Choline-based Ionic Liquids

Beyond carbon allotropes, other nanostructures such as fullerene B80 are attracting a growing interest due to their potential applications. The use of new materials based on fullerene B80 is still in a premature stage; however many of these applications would require the use of B80 in solution. This paper reports an unprecedented density functional theory (DFT) analysis on the interaction mechanism between B80 and two choline-based ionic liquids as a first insight for the fullerene B80 solvation by ionic liquids. The analysis of properties such as binding energies, charge distributions or intermolecular interactions shed light on the main features, which should govern interaction between ionic liquids and fullerene B80. In addition, the optimization of systems composed by six ionic pairs around a fullerene B80 has supplied some information about the first solvation shell at the molecular level. As a summary, this paper provides the first insights in the rational design of ionic liquids with suitable properties for the solvation of B80.Gregorio García acknowledges the funding by Junta de Castilla y León (Spain), cofunded by European Social Fund, for a postdoctoral contract. This work was funded by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Spain, project CTQ2013-40476-R) and Junta de Castilla y León (Spain, project BU324U14). We also acknowledge The Foundation of Supercomputing Center of Castile and León (FCSCL, Spain), Computing and Advanced Technologies Foundation of Extremadura (CénitS, LUSITANIA Supercomputer, Spain) and Consortium of Scientific and Academic Services of Cataluña (CSUC, Spain) for providing supercomputing facilities. This work was also made possible by NPRP grant # 6-330-2-140 from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation). We also thank Dr. J. T. Muya and A. Ceulemans (University of Richmond) for providing us the optimized structures of pristine B80. The statements made herein are solely the responsibility of the authors