Strain relaxation in small adsorbate islands: O on W(110)

The stress-induced lattice changes in a p(1x2) ordered oxygen layer on W(110) are measured by low-energy electron diffraction. We have observed that small oxygen islands show a mismatch with the underlying lattice. Our results indicate that along [1-10] the average mismatch scales inversely with the island size as 1/L for all oxygen coverages up to 0.5 ML, while along [001] it is significant only for the smallest oxygen islands and scales as a higher power of the inverse island size. The behaviour along [1-10] is described by a one-dimensional finite-size Frenkel-Kontorova model. Using this model, together with calculated force constants, we make a quantitative estimate for the change of surface-stress upon oxygen adsorption. The result is consistent with our ab-initio calculations, which give a relative compressive stress of -4.72 N/m along [1-10] and a minute relative tensile stress of 0.15 N/m along [001]. The scaling along [001] is qualitatively explained as an effect induced by the lattice relaxation in the [1-10] direction.Comment: 22 pages, 5 figure

II Workshop on Modeling and Simulation for Science and Engineering

II Workshop on Modeling and Simulation for Science and Engineering (II WMSSE) was a conference conducted at Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar, in the city of Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, on September 24, 25 and 26, 2019. There, works in several topics of science, technology and engineering were presented. Specially, the participants of conference wanted to bring some solutions to the actual industrial requirements such as improvement and optimization of the heat transfer equipment, electronic devices, system control by mean of computational modeling. Also, dynamic system control was widely used for the prediction of power flow market, diffusion of bacteria in coffee production, stress concentration in industrial machines, analysis of population dynamics, model of hydrological and pluviometric networks, encryption for intercommunication of substation control centers, and others

Current practices and challenges in adaptation of clinical guidelines : A qualitative study based on semistructured interviews

Funding YS is funded by China Scholarship Council (No 201707040103).Altres ajuts: CSC/201707040103Objective This study aims to better understand the current practice of clinical guideline adaptation and identify challenges raised in this process, given that published adapted clinical guidelines are generally of low quality, poorly reported and not based on published frameworks. Design A qualitative study based on semistructured interviews. We conducted a framework analysis for the adaptation process, and thematic analysis for participants' views and experiences about adaptation process. Setting Nine guideline development organisations from seven countries. Participants Guideline developers who have adapted clinical guidelines within the last 3 years. We identified potential participants through published adapted clinical guidelines, recommendations from experts, and a review of the Guideline International Network Conference attendees' list. Results We conducted ten interviews and identified nine adaptation methodologies. The reasons for adapting clinical guidelines include developing de novo clinical guidelines, implementing source clinical guidelines, and harmonising and updating existing clinical guidelines. We identified the following core steps of the adaptation process (1) selection of scope and source guideline(s), (2) assessment of source materials (guidelines, recommendations and evidence level), (3) decision-making process and (4) external review and follow-up process. Challenges on the adaptation of clinical guidelines include limitations from source clinical guidelines (poor quality or reporting), limitations from adaptation settings (lacking resources or skills), adaptation process intensity and complexity, and implementation barriers. We also described how participants address the complexities and implementation issues of the adaptation process. Conclusions Adaptation processes have been increasingly used to develop clinical guidelines, with the emergence of different purposes. The identification of core steps and assessment levels could help guideline adaptation developers streamline their processes. More methodological research is needed to develop rigorous international standards for adapting clinical guidelines

Plataforma de supervisión y control de riego localizado en cultivos leñosos

La interpretación de sensores de humedad y la automatización del riego permiten una gestión rápida del cultivo, manteniendo unas condiciones óptimas en la zona de las raíces garantizando un adecuado crecimiento del mismo. Este trabajo trata de exponer como poner en valor las herramientas de digitalización en un cultivo leñoso regado por goteo, tomando como ejemplo el mandarino. Para ello se ha diseñado una plataforma web que permite recoger, visualizar y tomar decisiones. En concreto, gracias a la plataforma web se puede ver el comportamiento de diferentes sondas de humedad de tipo capacitivo, así como hacer un seguimiento de las lecturas de riego aplicado. Los resultados muestran que a pesar de que las sondas muestren variabilidad entre ellas, debido a sus características inherentes o propiedades del terreno en que se instalan, lo interesante es su respuesta frente al riego o un evento meteorológico y su tendencia a largo plazo. Además, se observó que durante el periodo de tiempo evaluado el caudal apenas experimentó variaciones respecto al valor teórico (0.96% en riego superficial y 0.926% en riego subterráneo). Finalmente, gracias al conocimiento adquirido en esta instalación, se pondrá poner en práctica en otros cultivos

Interfacial exchange-coupling induced chiral symmetry breaking of spin-orbit effects

We demonstrate that the interfacial exchange coupling in ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic (FM/AFM) systems induces symmetry breaking of the spin-orbit (SO) effects. This has been done by studying the field and angle dependencies of anisotropic magnetoresistance and vectorial-resolved magnetization hysteresis loops, measured simultaneously and reproduced with numerical simulations. We show how the induced unidirectional magnetic anisotropy at the FM/AFM interface results in strong asymmetric transport behaviors, which are chiral around the magnetization hard-axis direction. Similar asymmetric features are anticipated in other SO-driven phenomenaThis work was supported in part by the Spanish MINECO through Projects No. MAT2012-39308, No. FIS2013-40667-P, No. MAT2011-25598, and No. MAT2014-52477-C5-3-P, and by the Comunidad de Madrid through Project No. S2013/MIT-2850 (NANOFRONTMAG-CM). P.P. and A.B. acknowledge support through the Marie Curie AMAROUT EU Programme, and through MINECO “Juan de la Cierva” (JCI-2011-09602) and “Ramón y Cajal” contract

Cell walls of the dimorphic fungal pathogens Sporothrix schenckii and Sporothrix brasiliensis exhibit bilaminate structures and sloughing of extensive and intact layers

This work was supported by the Fundação Carlos Chagas de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), grants E-26/202.974/2015 and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), grants 229755/2013-5, Brazil. LMLB is a senior research fellow of CNPq and Faperj. NG acknowledged support from the Wellcome Trust (Trust (097377, 101873, 200208) and MRC Centre for Medical Mycology (MR/N006364/1). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Peer reviewedPublisher PD